Search practices in the early phase of the innovation process and ambidexterity: testing a sample of high-tech companies

This paper investigates the relationship between the practices put in place by firms to search for local and distant knowledge, ambidexterity and firms’ performances; attention is then focused on analysing the antecedents and consequences of ambidexterity in the search phase of the innovation process. Structural equation modelling has been used in order to test these hypotheses in a sample of Italian high-tech companies. Results of the study show a positive impact of the practices used by firm to search for distant knowledge on both ambidexterity and firms’ performances as well. Implications of these results are discussed in the paper.     

Responsible innovators: open networks on the way to sustainability transitions

This paper elucidates ways in which small high-technology companies through using open knowledge networks may contribute to sustainability transitions. The analysis focuses on young university spin-off companies as an important channel for bringing responsible innovations from university to market while it connects the micro-level with the meso-level of networks supporting socio-technical system changes. A conceptual reflection on responsible innovation, openness in knowledge networks and socio-technical systems’ transitions, is followed by an empirical research. Based on a hundred companies and four case studies, the results indicate that responsible innovation is one of the drivers of openness in knowledge networks. However, partner diversity in openness tends to have a negative effect on growth of the companies. Our preliminary evidence indicates that focus (product–market) and selectivity in the choice of partners connected to professional (venture) capital, market access, credibility and complementary assets are highly relevant when it comes to influencing change in socio-technical systems. A discussion of the implications of this study and suggestions for future research close the paper.     

Exchange rates change,asset-denominated currency difference and stock price fluctuation

This paper examines differences in the connectedness between exchange rates and stock prices for companies with different asset currencies on the Hong Kong stock market, and it seeks to explain those differences by proposing a hypothesis on asset-denominated currency difference. Under a framework of investor heterogeneity, we establish a dynamic, discrete theoretical model to analyse the connectedness between exchange rates, the stocks of local Hong Kong companies, the stocks of companies from the mainland and foreign exchange interventions. Using monthly data from January 2000 to August 2018, we adopt the time-varying parameter vector auto-regression (TVP-VAR) model to empirically study the dynamic relationships between exchange rates and the prices of both Hong Kong-based and mainland-based stocks. The results show significant differences in the ways that exchange rates and prices for the two types of stocks are linked. The exchange rates are positively correlated with mainland stocks and negatively correlated with Hong Kong stocks. Moreover, foreign exchange intervention is found to be an effective means for stabilising exchange rates, although such intervention tends to increase stock volatility.

Abbreviations: TVP-VAR - time-varying parameter vector auto-regression model; MCMC - Monte Carlo-Markov Chain method.     

Does a clustered location matter for high-technology companies' performance? The case of biotechnology in the Netherlands

Young entrepreneurial companies in biotechnology tend to cluster in space, nearby research universities and research centers. This pattern is often ascribed to the availability of external economies, mainly local knowledge spillovers that help to reduce the uncertainty from a disruptive technology faced by these companies. Given a shortage of empirical research on cluster advantages and performance of clustered companies, we present results of a comparative analysis of clustered and non-clustered companies in biotechnology and Bionanotechnology in the Netherlands. It appears that, among other influences, a clustered location has no significant influence on innovation and speed of growth. However, a location in the largest cluster (Leiden) does contribute to a better performance in terms of innovativeness compared with all other locations. The kind of external economies involved seems to vary according to the stage in the knowledge value chain and the segment in biotechnology industry. Knowledge spillovers tend to be local for companies involved in new drugs and diagnostics research only in the first stage of the knowledge chain and for service companies regardless of the stage in the knowledge chain.     

知识基础对高新技术企业创新意愿的影响研究——知识场活性的调节效应与市场感知能力的中介效应

基于311家高新技术企业调研问卷，利用层次回归模型，研究知识基础对高新技术企业创新意愿的影响，以及知识场活性、市场感知能力在二者关系中扮演的调节和中介作用。结果表明：知识基深度和知识基宽度对高新技术企业创新意愿均产生促进作用，知识场活性增强了知识基础对高新技术企业创新意愿的正向影响，市场感知能力在知识基础与高新技术企业创新意愿的关系中发挥部分中介作用。研究结论对于厘清不同维度知识基础对高新技术企业创新意愿的影响机制具有理论意义，同时，对高新技术企业主动激发创新意愿具有实践启示意义。     

Towards a kernel theory of external knowledge integration for high-tech firms: Exploring a failed theory test

Designing information systems (ISs) requires a thorough understanding of the organizational knowledge processes in which these systems are used. Although much is known about internal organizational knowledge processes, the understanding of external knowledge processes is less developed. Hence, this paper reflects an attempt to operationalize and test a model of the process of external knowledge integration (EKI), consisting of an identification, acquisition, and utilization stage. We utilize high-technology based firms from a variety of high-tech categories including nanotechnology based firms since these firms have critical knowledge integration needs. The results of an international survey, with responses of 317 high-tech companies, suggest that not these three EKI-stages, but four organizational effectiveness functions (goal attainment, pattern maintenance, adaptation, and integration) account for most variation in responses. These findings seem to imply that ISs that are to support the EKI-process should be designed according to organizational effectiveness functions rather than to EKI-stages. It is proposed that each organizational effectiveness function imposes different requirements on ISs because users interact differently with IS in each function.     

Inventor networks in emerging key technologies: information technology vs. semiconductors

This paper analyzes the development of the German knowledge base measured by co-classifications of patents by German inventors and relate this technological development to changes in the structure of the underlying inventor networks. The central hypothesis states that technologies that become more central to the knowledge base are also characterized by a higher connectedness of the inventor network. The theoretical considerations are exemplified in a comparative study of two patenting fields—information technology and semiconductors. It turns out that information technology shows the highest increases in patents, but only a moderate move towards the center of the knowledge base. By contrast, semiconductors develops towards a key technology, despite a moderate increase in the number of patents. The dynamic analysis of inventor networks in both fields shows an increasing connectedness and the emergence of a large component in semiconductors, but not in information technology, which is in line with the expectations.     

数字经济时代下联盟管理能力对企业颠覆性技术创新的影响——知识流动的中介作用与知识重构能力的调节作用

随着5G网络、人工智能等新科技的推广，数字经济时代已经到来。然而，在数字经济时代下，工业企业要在新一轮科技革命中抢占先机，必须组建联盟关系推动颠覆性技术创新。基于创新联盟理论，构建联盟管理能力与企业颠覆性技术创新研究框架，通过对451份有效问卷数据的实证研究发现：①联盟管理能力对企业颠覆性技术创新有显著正向影响；②知识流动在联盟管理能力与企业颠覆性技术创新的关系中起部分中介作用；③知识重构能力调节联盟管理能力与知识流动和颠覆性技术创新之间的正相关关系。     

德国政府支持高科技企业创业的重要政策工具——高科技创业基金(HTGF)

2005年,德国政府在《高技术战略》框架下推出了支持高科技企业创业的高科技创业基金,以‘公私合营"模式和"股权投资"方式弥补高科技企业创建的融资不足问题。2011年11月,高科技创业基金实施进入第二期,基金净值上升到3.02亿欧元,共支持了200多家高技术企业创业。该基金重点资助信息科学、生物技术等七大领域,遴选审查过程合理透明,在引领德国国内种子资金市场发展方面发挥了关键作用。调研中也发现,德国高科技创业基金申请标准和资助条款仍有待完善,培训机构的培训质量有待提高。通过对德国高科技创业基金的管理制度、实施效果及存在的问题进行介绍,以期对我国有所借鉴。     

How institutional conditions impact university–industry search strategies and networks

A wide range of research has studied interactions between academic and industrial organisations. Less research has combined institutional theory and the terminology of social networks in order to investigate how different institutional conditions across scientific fields impact university–industry search strategies and networks in various ways. Based on a comparative analysis of the institutional conditions in two different scientific fields, we argue that the UI search processes and network formations of a high-tech small firm are shaped by these different institutional conditions within which they are embedded. The study contributes to knowledge about how the significance of weak and strong ties is relative to varying institutional conditions in general high-tech vs. life sciences and why embeddedness in pre-existing ties is not necessarily the most effective means for firms to optimise UI search and network-formation strategies.     

高新技术上市公司连续并购的同伴效应研究——企业研发的调节作用

利用2010—2019年中国A股高新技术上市公司数据,实证检验高新技术上市公司连续并购是否存在同伴效应,并探讨企业研发在连续并购同伴效应中的作用机制。研究发现,高新技术上市公司的连续并购行为受行业同伴效应和地域同伴效应的显著正向影响,企业研发对连续并购的同伴效应具有调节作用,具体表现为研发投入对连续并购同伴效应的正向调节,以及研发产出对连续并购同伴效应的负向调节。进一步研究发现,不同经济政策环境下,行业同伴效应和地域同伴效应存在强度差异;连续并购次数不同的高新技术公司,其研发投入和研发产出的调节作用表现出非对称性。     

沉淀冗余、跨界搜寻与高科技企业创新绩效——战略柔性的调节作用

基于资源基础观与路径依赖理论，以高科技企业为研究对象，构建沉淀冗余、跨界搜寻、战略柔性与企业创新绩效的理论模型，利用SPSS23.0和Amos24.0软件进行实证检验。研究结果表明，沉淀冗余与高科技企业创新绩效间存在倒U型关系；技术知识跨界搜寻、市场知识跨界搜寻分别在沉淀冗余与高科技企业创新绩效之间的倒U型关系中发挥中介作用；战略柔性在沉淀冗余对高科技企业创新绩效的倒U型影响中发挥调节作用。结论证实了适量沉淀冗余对高科技企业创新的重要性，有助于弥补沉淀冗余与高科技企业创新绩效关系研究的不足，对企业管理实践具有一定参考价值。     

沉淀冗余、跨界搜寻与高科技企业创新绩效——战略柔性的调节作用

基于资源基础观与路径依赖理论,以高科技企业为研究对象,构建沉淀冗余、跨界搜寻、战略柔性与企业创新绩效的理论模型,利用SPSS23.0和Amos24.0软件进行实证检验。研究结果表明,沉淀冗余与高科技企业创新绩效间存在倒U型关系;技术知识跨界搜寻、市场知识跨界搜寻分别在沉淀冗余与高科技企业创新绩效之间的倒U型关系中发挥中介作用;战略柔性在沉淀冗余对高科技企业创新绩效的倒U型影响中发挥调节作用。结论证实了适量沉淀冗余对高科技企业创新的重要性,有助于弥补沉淀冗余与高科技企业创新绩效关系研究的不足,对企业管理实践具有一定参考价值。     

The static and dynamic connectedness of environmental,social, and governance investments: International evidence

We investigate the connectedness of the most significant global equity indices that comprise companies with the highest environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. Motivated by the rapid growth of socially responsible investing during the last two decades, we examine whether these investments are prone to similar exogenous economic and financial shocks as their conventional counterparts. Employing a variety of influential macroeconomic and financial variables over the period 10/1/2007–4/15/2020, we document statistically significant and consistent transmissions between the employed equity indices throughout the sample period. In particular, the connectedness exhibits dynamic patterns during three periods: the European sovereign debt crisis, the systemic Greek problems, and the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic. We also find that developed equity markets are the shock transmitters to Asian and other emerging markets. Our results highlight the risk of contagion and the diminishing portfolio diversification benefits of these equity indices during turbulent periods.     

全球创新网络视角下上海科创中心建设研究

创新资源全球性流动在提升城市创新能力的同时，也拉大了不同城市间的创新差距。以美国专利商标局中专利权人所在城市为上海但专利发明者位于境外的专利为样本，分析上海吸收和转化全球知识的空间格局与作用机理。研究发现，外资跨国公司在上海建立区域总部或区域研发中心，为上海输入全球知识，但本地企业因技术能力不足和企业规模不大，影响有限。基于此，提出上海应通过鼓励外资企业在沪持续投入研发，引导在沪民企进行海外技术并购，建立多样离岸创业创新平台等建议，以助力上海成长为全球卓越创新中心。     

我国高新技术企业科技创新人才薪酬激励的困境与对策

知识经济条件下,健全的薪酬激励体制是高新技术企业吸引和激励科技创新人才的有力工具,有针对性地制订一套科学完整的科技创新人才薪酬激励体制,业已成为我国高新技术企业提升核心竞争力的关键因素。基于此,围绕现存高新技术企业在科技创新人才薪酬激励中面临的各种问题,提出了以企业战略为导向,采用领先型薪酬水平战略,推行以技能为导向的高弹性的薪酬结构及其提高薪酬支付的民主性在内的薪酬体系整体对策。     

基于财务信息视角的高新技术上市公司成长性评价研究

基于财务信息视角,运用二项Logistic回归分析,构建了我国高新技术上市公司成长性评价模型,并利用模型对其成长性进行评价,发现我国高新技术上市公司整体成长性差、两极分化严重。     

贸易开放、多渠道FDI与高技术产业绿色技术进步——基于中国省际数据的空间计量及VAR脉冲分析

在新经济增长理论框架的基础上，聚焦高技术产业绿色技术进步，基于2006—2018年中国（内地）省级面板数据，采用Super-SBM模型测度环境约束下中国高技术产业绿色技术进步，分解出纯技术效应部分和规模效应部分。基于空间杜宾模型进行实证检验，并构建VAR（向量自回归）模型探索其长期效果。结果表明：目前，我国高技术产业绿色技术进步主要由纯技术效应贡献；FDI资金和物力流入均通过提升规模效应促进本地高技术产业绿色技术进步，而在邻地则通过提升纯技术效应实现这一过程；FDI技术流入主要通过提高纯技术效应推动绿色技术进步；高质量人力资本和严格的环境规制均在本地显著促进高技术产业绿色技术进步，在邻地则无此效应。贸易开放本身能够显著促进本地高技术绿色技术进步，但与FDI资金和物力流入交互影响均抑制本地绿色技术进步，而与FDI技术流入交互作用在本地和邻地均对绿色技术进步具有显著促进作用。     

双层网络嵌入下结构洞对企业二元创新的影响研究

网络结构特征影响企业知识转移与知识组合效果,进而对创新绩效产生复杂作用。利用我国165家上市企业2007—2018年专利面板数据,实证检验企业知识与协同双层网络嵌入对二元创新绩效的影响,并分析战略柔性和开放度对上述关系的调节作用。研究结果表明,企业知识网络结构洞正向影响利用式创新绩效,负向影响探索式创新绩效;协同网络结构洞与二元创新均存在负相关关系。同时,战略柔性和开放度调节双层网络结构洞与二元创新的关系,且变量间存在有效匹配关系：知识网络结构洞—开放度促进利用式创新绩效提升,而协同网络结构洞—战略柔性促进探索式创新绩效提升。研究结论为解决结构洞与企业创新关系的分歧带来新思路,同时为企业创新绩效提升提供理论借鉴。