国际贸易的内生化新体系:新兴古典贸易理论

新兴古典经济学派从消费者与生产者的统一出发,构建了贸易产生的内生化新体系。该体系拓展了国际贸易的新理论建构,以专业化与分工为基础,引进外生交易费用、内生交易费用、市场组织与层系等参数,可使得国际贸易在经济中的产生内生化,并由此形式化贸易的发展历程,为国内贸易与国际贸易建立统一的基础,克服以新古典经济学为框架的传统国际贸易理论中国际贸易与国内贸易具有不同基础的理论困难,提供了国际贸易理论的全新思路,对21世纪全球市场的形成与发展具有重要的启示意义。     

产业集群的组织分析逻辑:组织本质、效率与边界

本文以组织的生产特质与交易特质为研究起点,试图形成产业集群的组织分析逻辑.研究发现,产业集群兼有市场组织的交易特质和企业科层的生产特质,是一种中间性组织;作为中间性组织,产业集群具有独特的分工效率;同时,产业集群的组织效率是有条件的,其依赖于集群组织的交易特质与生产特质的边际比较,在市场优选机制下.产业集群组织存在着与企业组织和纯粹市场组织接壤的效率边界.     

我国农产品国际竞争力现状分析

我国农产品在国际市场如何提高竞争力是理论界所关心的焦点。本文综合运用当前研究农产品国际竞争力的主要分析方法,主要分析了我国主要农产品的贸易竞争指数(TC指数),对主要农产品国际市场占有率进行了实证分析,并运用显性比较优势法对主要农产品国际竞争力进行了不同视角的分析,提出了一些建议。     

专用性公共品与企业性质:一种新观点

文章提出了一种新的企业观,即企业是为获取专用性公共品帕累托最优解的经济组织.任何生产活动都离不开公共品和私人物品.受成本约束,政府通常只会提供通用性公共品,专用于企业的公共品通常只能由企业自身来提供.但是当收益不能在各合约当事人之间作线性分配时,由各合约当事人自主提供公共品会严格劣于帕累托最优量.政府提供的公共品与企业自身提供的专用性公共品具有一定程度的替代性.模型证明,随着政府提供的公共品增加,当合作收益较大时,会导致企业规模趋于扩大;当合作收益较小时,企业规模趋于缩小,市场分工趋于发达.文章还对企业专用性公共品的内容进行了详细分析.     

国际科技人才流动状况浅析

随着知识经济时代的到来，各国相继出台争夺科技人才的国家战略。特别是IT人才的短缺，形成了世界范围的IT人才争夺战。我国自改革开放以来，大批科技人才的外流和回流，正反效应交叉复合并存。及时地掌握这一动向，因势利导是我国人才战略的当务之急。     

国际维度下的中国市场经济演进评议

文章认为当前市场经济研究的局限性在于忽视了经济全球化条件下越来越重要的国际维度评价.由于现实世界中各具特色的制度安排之间是相互联系、相互影响的,因而发展中国家制度变迁就越来越表现为国际维度下彼此之间的互动过程.从当前世界经济秩序来看,市场经济通过竞争实现优胜劣汰,造就了有等级的产业分工,而市场经济的这种等级化特征正是区分一国市场竞争力的标准,在此基础上,文章对中国市场经济的发展演进进行了简要评议.     

The role of social and technical excludability for the success of impure public good and common pool agreements: The case of international fisheries

We argue that international fisheries are a prime example to study the incentive structure of forming impure public good and common pool agreements. We consider a fully integrated multiple zone model, in which zones are linked through density-dependent migration. The incentive to accede to Regional Fishery Management Organizations (RFMOs) is related to multiple characteristics. Firstly, the relative patch sizes of the high seas, which is the internationally (publicly) accessible domain, compared to exclusive economic zones, which are state-owned (privately owned). This can be related to the degree of socially constructed excludability. Secondly, the intensity of fish migration between various zones, which can be related to the degree of technical excludability. Thirdly, the growth rate of the resource, which can be interpreted as the degree of rivalry, with a low (high) degree of rivalry approximating public good (common pool) features. We show that, generally, excludability reduces free-riding incentives but also the need for cooperation, a variant of the “paradox of cooperation”. Moreover, we show that the benefit-cost duality between public goods and common pool resources generally holds except for some extreme parameter values for which a low degree of rivalry fosters the success of cooperation. Finally, through a variation of the diffusion matrix, we can also analyze a closed as well as a sink-source system.     

在华国际新创企业的特征及其与国内的比较分析

本文以1112家在华新创企业为样本,并结合作者调研访谈的6个国际新创企业案例,通过实证的方法比较了国际新创企业相对于国内新创企业的特征,发现在华国际新创企业比国内新创企业更加注重产品创新,内向国际化程度也更高,但在研发密度、国内市场份额和高管受教育水平方面并不存在显著差异。同时,在华国际新创企业的所有权结构也会对其特征产生影响,纯本土的私营国际新创企业在内向国际化程度、高管受教育水平、出口比例和直接出口比例方面显著低于纯外资的国际新创企业,但与合资的国际新创企业相比仅在直接出口比例上存在显著差异。     

The Borrower of Last Resort: International Adjustment and Liquidity in a Historical Perspective

The stability of the international monetary system hinges on a dominant country acting as an international lender of last resort, injecting liquidity by recycling surpluses to countries facing balance of payments problems. The efficacy of this mechanism does not depend on the dominant country retaining a “creditor” status. Rather it has depended historically, on the dominant country’s ability to continue to borrow, in the face of growing external deficits without undermining the status of its currency as international money. A pivotal role is played by the institutional mechanisms that allow the dominant country to borrow from surplus countries on one hand and lead to increasing fragility in peripheral debtor countries on the other. The paper argues that such triangular adjustment patterns underlay both the gold standard period where Britain was a net creditor and the present “floating dollar regime” where the United States is a net debtor.     

国际资本流动对经济增长的影响分析——基于国际数据的实证研究

基于1994～2009年68个国家的年度数据构建Panel Data变截距固定效应模型,通过对资本流向和流动方式的进一步细分,来考察资本流动对不同发展水平国家经济增长的影响。结果显示:境外国际资本流入对转型国家经济增长的促进作用明显强于发达国家,对发展中国家经济效应不显著;国际资本流出仅对发达国家经济增长有显著的促进作用,对发展中国家和转型国家的经济效应均不显著。     

Distribution of phosphorus resources between rich and poor countries: The effect of recycling

Phosphorus (P) is an essential input into agriculture with no substitute. Thus international and intertemporal P allocations greatly impact food security which requires increased food production for a growing world population. As high quality phosphorus mines are being depleted, recycling gains importance and developed countries explore new technologies for P recycling. We analyse the effects of P recycling in developed countries on global extraction of rock phosphates and the imports of developing countries. We build a resource extraction model for a competitive fertilizer market that reflects the fact that most developed countries have P-saturated soils while soils in many developing countries are P-deficient. Our model extends a simple cake eating problem. We consider two types of countries that differ in demand and recycling options. We find that P recycling in developed countries does not only prolong the resource life-time, but it also increases the developing counties' share of the resource.     

外资流入对外贸影响的实证分析

蒙代尔认为,如果满足要素价格均等化的条件,贸易与投资具有完全替代作用,而后来的一些学者则认为资本要素的国际流动或者直接投资与商品贸易之间不仅存在替代性,而且在一定条件下存在互补关系。应该说这两种关系在不同发展阶段、不同国家、不同的条件下是表现不一的。本文主要通过近10年来我国外商投资与对外贸易的实证教据分析,侧重说明外商直接投资与对外贸易的互补关系,分析FDI流入对我国贸易的带动作用。     

论合作组织的生态系统管理优化机制

合作组织的动态演进需要有生态管理的理念,以实现生态交换的多方共赢。在实现制度均衡、分配均衡、供需平衡与空间平衡的目标下,合作组织的生态位优化和组织边界优化是实现生态系统管理优化的具体途径,同时,需要建立和完善法定管制机构、仲裁等协调机制和公民监督与参与机制,为合作组织的生态系统管理优化提供现实保障。     

农村剩余劳动力转移的重要途径——国际劳务输出

我国农村剩余劳动力的转移问题越来越受到社会各界的关注。本文提出扩大国际劳务输出是转移农村剩余劳动力的重要途径。我国进行国际劳务输出具有较大的比较优势和发展空间。我国政府应加大国际劳务输出的管理力度,为促进我国农村剩余劳动力转移另辟新径。     

浅析国际人权保护的争议性因素

二战之后,联合国致力于以“国际人权组织”的方式,打造人权保护的全球性机制,通过《世界人权宣言》、《政治与公民权利公约》及《经济、社会和文化权利公约》等一系列重要联合国文件建立国际人权保护体系。1960年以后,在联合国人权事物委员会的努力下,国际人权保护得到了长足的发展,但是仍然面临很多困难。其中,最主要的困难就是面对国家主权的权威和排他性,不同民族间存在的文化差异导致在人权定义方面存在的认知差异,因此从这两个方面进行简要分析。     

全球传播生态环境中的新疆对外传播受众观

新疆历史与区位的独特性决定了新疆对外传播具有独特的区域特点。其传播区域的国际方位、传播关系多向度的区位特征使得新疆对外传播的对象呈现出多极化特点。把握这种多极化是增强新疆对外传播影响力的必须。     

The BRICs and International Tax Governance: The Case of Automatic Exchange of Information

ABSTRACT

This article investigates the BRICs’ involvement in the adoption of Automatic Exchange of Information (AEoI) by the G20 and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) as a major breakthrough in the global fight against tax evasion. Our main questions concern the BRICs’ willingness to accept AEoI, and their agreement to the Western-dominated OECD as its institutional forum. First, we examine the domestic drivers for BRICs’ participation, as their statist model of capitalism reveals strong disincentives to join this regime and the fact that the budgetary consequences of the global financial crisis were less severe than in Western states. We argue that their agreement on AEoI results more from their persistent balance-of-payments vulnerability to illicit capital than from fiscal weakness, while also discussing the possibilities for mock compliance. Second, we review the role of the non-reciprocal US foreign account tax compliance act (FATCA) in shaping the BRICs’ preference for a multilateral AEoI-regime centred around the OECD’s Common Reporting Standard (CRS). Last, we show that the BRICs’ acceptance of the OECD resulted from pragmatic interests and receiving ownership over the process, together with the absence of coercive mechanisms within the CRS-regime that could fundamentally undermine their sovereignty in this domain.     

军民融合式发展的国际经验与启示

＂十二五＂规划纲要从国家经济社会发展战略的层面,对军民＂深度融合＂发展进行了总体设计和长远筹划。通过军民融合式发展,在有效保障国防安全基础上优化资源配置,扩大国防利益与经济利益的交汇点,以促进国防与经济社会的同步发展,是世界各主要国家的共同发展战略和政策取向。落实＂十二五＂规划纲要部署,应借鉴世界主要国家军民融合发展经验,构建决策科学、运行有效的体制机制,坚持改革创新,用融合的理念解决问题、促进发展。     

会计准则国际趋同与公司业绩:一项经验检验

文章通过测试国际公认会计准则的采用与公司业绩的相关关系来研究会计准则国际趋同过程中的特点和趋势。回归分析结果表明,会计准则变量与公司业绩呈现负相关关系,即采用国际公认会计准则计算的利润普遍来说比按国内准则计算的利润偏低。由此可知,采用国内会计准则的公司转换为采用国际准则,业绩水平一般会相应下降,结果是按照国际准则计算的资产和利润更加实在,国际准则表现出更加谨慎或更加稳健。     

提升农产品国际竞争力，加快福建新农村建设

提升农产品国际竞争力有利于农民增收,是新农村建设的重要内容。本文研究福建农产品国际竞争力的总体状况,在分析竞争力影响因素的基础上,提出了以农业结构调整为核心的政策建议,以期为福建新农村建设服务。