Make Governments Compete for People

The EEC is under severe criticism for failing lo live up to its early promise as the means to liberalise the European economy. Belgian economist Michael van Notten, a former official in Brussels, analyses the causes of bureaucratisation and proposes a means of liberalising the Community by making ifs governments compete for citizens and industry. He visualises the EEC as a European Hong Kong.     

让企业在平等环境中竞争

外资企业享有特权并非中国首创和独有,当一国经济需要强烈的外部激励时,有许多发展中国家都曾或长或短地给外资企业优惠,减税是优惠的土要内容。     

略论全面建设小康社会视角中的宏观调控

全面建设小康社会目标对现行宏观调控提出了新的要求,其所涉及的三农问题、区域经济协调发展问题、贫富差距问题、可持续发展问题和经济结构优化问题均加大了宏观调控的难度。宏观调控要在促进和服务全面建设小康社会目标的同时实现自身的优化升级,这包括进一步明确树立科学的宏观调控观,进一步完善宏观调控目标,进一步完善宏观调控机制,进一步优化宏观调控政策组合。     

城市老年人居住环境设计浅析

随着我国人口不断增多,老年人口数量逐渐递增。文章从老年人喜欢的居住类型作为切入点,从较为完善的方面分析了适合老年人居住的室内外建筑设计风格和要求。     

缓解地方政府融资难的探讨

(一)政府的职能与作用 在市场经济条件下,市场与政府有着明确的分工.原则上,市场机制对资源配置起基础性作用,解决生产什么、如何生产和为谁生产的问题;而政府则致力于弥补市场的缺陷,解决市场失灵问题.市场通过提供私人物品或服务,满足个人的需要;而政府通过提供公共物品或服务,满足社会的公共需求,为此而进行的收支活动就是财政.因此也被称做公共财政.政府财政取之于社会,必须用于社会;既取民之财,又不能与民争利.     

Budgetary Procedures and Deficits in Norwegian Local Governments

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the connection between budgetary procedures and deficits in Norwegian local governments. We argue that centralized budgetary procedures have an advantage in overcoming common-pool resource problems in the decision-making process and will lead to lower deficits. This hypothesis is tested on a panel data set of Norwegian local governments. The results add to the existing evidence of a negative connection between deficits and the degree of centralization of the budget process. Special emphasis is put on the problem with potential biased estimates resulting from endogeneity of the budgetary variables.     

论会计准则制定中的政府间博弈

会计准则具有经济后果,产生于不同会计准则的不同会计信息,会因此影响各利益集团的利益分配。因此会计准则的制定不是一种纯技术过程,而是各利益集团多次博弈达成的均衡结果。本文基于博弈论的视角,深入分析了会计准则制定中的政府间博弈,并就我国会计准则的国际趋同提出了一些建议。     

农业产业化发展中的地方政府职能

近年来,地方政府通过政策推动、协调服务、资金、信贷和税收支持等方式,推动农业产业化发展.但是,这种推动也存在越位、错位和虚位等问题.     

Testing for Strategic Interaction Among Local Governments: The Case of Growth Controls

This paper helps to fill a gap in the public economics literature by providing empirical evidence on strategic interaction among local governments. Using the methodology of Case et al. (Journal of Public Economics,52, 285–307 (1993)), the paper focuses on the adoption of growth-control measures by cities in California and looks for evidence of policy interdependence in these choices. The data are drawn from an elaborate survey of growth control practices in California cities, conducted by Glickfeld and Levine (“Regional Growth . . .Local Reaction,” Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge, MA, 1992). The survey results are used to compute an index of the stringency of growth controls in each city, which serves as the dependent variable for the study.     

高等学校政府拨款存在的矛盾和对策

对高等教育投入制度的研究是高等教育理论界、政府部门和高校共同关心的话题。文章通过回顾历史沿革,采用实证研究的方法,揭示教育资源在配置和使用过程中存在的现实问题,特别是关涉制度、体制和机制等方面问题,向政府和高校提出重新审视现有的拨款体制、改变现阶段结构性经费不足问题、重视预算管理等建议,从而既要确保政府拨款的科学性,提高财政资金的使用效益,用时又须充分发挥学校的自主办学权,促进高等院校健康、快速地发展。     

Organizational flexibility in Australia

This paper presents a typology that distinguishes two types of flexible organizations based on the clarity of purpose and the extensiveness of formal rules. The analysis shows that these forms of flexibility are related to whether organizations engage with their environments reactively or strategically. One form (strategic flexibility) is evident in a 'goal-directed' type of organization (having clear goals but low levels of formal rules), and the other can be observed in an informally-organized type (lacking clear goals, and with limited formal rules). These are compared with two other types: formally-organized (clear goals and extensive formal rules); and rule-governed (lacking clear goals, extensive formal rules). An analysis of a sample of fifty organizations shows clear differences between the four types with respect to contextual factors; environmental conditions; strategy and structure; and integrative mechanisms.     

A Generalized Input-Output Multiplier Calculus for Australia

A static, generalized input-output framework for calculating simple multipliers is presented for Australian data. In this framework, capital investment and imports are internalized into domestic inter-industrial intermediate demand, non-square matrices are introduced in order to enable the inclusion of finer detail commodity data, and matrices in both monetary and physical units are employed. A range of labour and energy multipliers are calculated, referring to total output, final demand, final consumption, basic values, producers' prices, purchasers' prices, commodities and industries. Uncertainties of multipliers are assessed in detail, using Monte Carlo simulations.     

论我国公民的法律信仰及其培育

依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家,不仅需要完善的法典,更需要唤起社会公众的法律意识,激发起公众内心对法律信赖、信任和尊重,培养他们对法律的忠诚和信仰。只有公众从内心对法律虔诚信仰,才能促成现代法治精神的形成,才能将法律内化为一种民族的精神,才能加速完成建立社会主义法治社会的历史使命。     

Land Pooling for Resubdivision and New Subdivision in Western Australia

Abstract . Land pooling is a technique for the unified subdivision of separate private landholdings in urban-fringe areas. Pooling projects are self-financing and the costs and profits of each project are shared between the participating landowners. It provides local governments with a powerful tool for implementing their municipal land use plans and for ensuring an adequate supply of urban land. Local governments in Western Australia began using land pooling in 1951, first to redesign and service old, undeveloped subdivision estates (development projects), then to install special infrastructure works in new suburban areas, and later for the progressive development of their municipalities. By 1982 a total of 56 pooling projects ranging from 1.5 to 250 hectares had been undertaken in metropolitan Perth. The technique and its use in the state of Western Australia are described and discussed and improvements 3re proposed. A case history of a typical pooling project is presented in the appendix. The West Australian experience shows that land pooling could be adopted to improve urban development and land supply for housing in the U.S.A. and Canada, and in other mixed-economy countries.     

Slashing cycle time in all we do: techniques for success

Cycle time improvement programs must start with the establishment of standard definitions, agreed-on methods of calculation, and publicized goals. To reduce cycle time, all processes must evolve from batch to flow by using "pull' systems. Effort must concentrate on improving efficiency at the bottleneck operations. Cycle time projects must be carefully chosen to produce visible success, thus ensuring continued funding.     

经济增长、行政体制改革与地方政府间分权

20世纪90年代,中国出现以"强县扩权"为代表的地方政府间的分权化运动,如何理解这一现象的发生?本文在维护市场联邦制、政治锦标赛理论的基础上,通过考察中国行政分权的特点、方式,以及县域经济在中国现阶段的重要性等方面,构建内生政府分权理论予以解释。同时,本文也对政府间分权主体和分权方式的选择进行了分析说明,认为省政府对县(市)的分权有其必然性,并且"省直管县"是政治交易成本最低的一种分权方式。     

中国网民关于气候变化的认知状况调查

极端恶劣天气给人类的生产生活带来了极其严重的影响,积极应对气候变化是当前国际社会共同关注的问题。应对气候变化不仅需要政府的积极努力,也需要广大公众的积极参与。而公众应对气候变化的积极性与他们对气候变化的认知程度呈正相关。本研究通过对3489名网民的调查,了解中国网民对气候变化的认知情况,有针对性地开展宣传教育活动,提高公众认知水平,有利于更好地实施节能减排计划,应对气候变化。     

政府如何为企业走出去创造条件

实施“走出去”战略,是我国进一步扩大开放的重大举措。“走出去”的主体是企业,政府的主要任务是为企业到境外投资、开展跨国经营创造条件。这其中,至少有“指引方向、完善政策、强化服务”三个方面的作用。一、指引方向政府应正确把握与企业的关系,这是实施“走出去”战略的关键所在。“走出去”战略是国家战略,政府必须考虑国家长远发展的需要,体现国家的战略意志;作为实施“走出去”战略主体的企业,首先考虑的是经济效益。要顺利实施“走出去”战略,一个很重要的方面,就是妥善处理国家宏观目标与企业微观目标的关系,找到一个适当的结合…     

澳大利亚商务旅游完全指南

澳大利亚有美妙的自然风光,有神奇的土著文化,有活力四射的激情运动天地有红色的土地,蔚蓝的大堡礁,莹白的雪山,七彩的珊瑚.……