对我国外贸依存度几个问题的探讨

本全面分析外贸依存度的概念、内容和意义，其实质意义是判断中国经济对国际经济的依赖程度。章从几个方面分析中国的外贸依存度，指出按照人民币名义汇率计算，2003年中国外贸依存度已达60．3％，但是按照购买力平价，中国的开放程度则低于世界平均水平，1997年中国为8．5％，与低收入国家的平均水平相当(8．4％，远低于中等收入国家的平均水平(16．7％)和高收入国家的平均水平(38．7％)。章还分析了中国外贸的商品结构、贸易方式、地理方向和外贸主体。并且研究了汇率变动对于外贸依存度的影响，提出应该更加全面地研究中国经济的对外开放程度。     

我国外贸依存度的结构调整分析

一、我国外贸依存度的现状 外贸依存度是指一定时期内一个国家或地区对外贸易总额占该国国内生产总值的比重,它是衡量一国贸易开放程度的一个基本指标,也是反映一个国家经济与国际市场联系程度的标尺.如果分别用出口额或进口额在国内生产总值中占比重来计算,外贸依存度可分为出口依存度和进口依存度.外贸依存度的变动主要取决于三个因素:出口增长率、GDP增长率和汇率的变动.     

我国外贸依存度的结构调整分析

一、我国外贸依存度的现状 外贸依存度是指一定时期内一个国家或地区对外贸易总额占该国国内生产总值的比重，它是衡量一国贸易开放程度的一个基本指标，也是反映一个国家经济与国际市场联系程度的标尺。如果分别用出口额或进口额在国内生产总值中占比重来计算，外贸依存度可分为出口依存度和进口依存度。外贸依存度的变动主要取决于三个因素：出口增长率、GDP增长率和汇率的变动。     

从对外开放看中、印、土、哈雁型发展特征——以“丝绸之路经济带”沿线国家为例

根据雁阵理论,将丝绸之路经济带沿线国家按区域划分呈1大3小共4个雁阵。运用1994—2013年的数据测算出中、印、土、哈4国的外贸、外资依存度。运用协整检验、格兰杰检验,分析归纳4国对外开放的雁型特征。研究结果表明:1从对外开放的发展阶段来看,中国逐步由外贸开放转向外资开放,其他3国仍处于外贸开放阶段;2从对外开放的经济效益看,中国的经济效益显著,印、土两国的经济效益尚未显现,哈国仅靠外贸开放部分带动了经济增长;31994—2013年4国的外国直接投资总额中,中国是其他3国平均值的6倍以上。最后提出政策建议:要充分发挥中国的领头雁作用,带动各区域协同发展,促进区域间的贸易结构互补,完善各国贸易结构,提升贸易竞争水平。     

中国的外贸依存度辨析

2004年中国进出口总额达到11548亿美元,外贸依存度高达70%。较2003年60%的外贸依存度提高了10个百分点。其中,出口依存度为35.98%,进口依存度为34.04%,分别比2003年增长了近5个百分点。一时间,国内各界对于我国外贸依存度的持续升高关注甚深,外贸依存度也成为探讨我国对外开放深度和广度的一大焦点。作为衡量一国经济开放程度的重要指标,外贸依存度是一国在一定时期内进出口贸易额占该国国内生产总值的     

我国外贸依存度较高的原因分析及应对策略探讨

外贸依存度反映了一定时期内一国经济发展对外贸的依赖程度。随着中国经济融入世界经济的程度加深,外贸依存度变化背后出现的结构性问题将对中国经济增长具有重要指导意义,本文对我国外贸依存度偏高问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策。     

自贸区、对外贸易依存度与内陆开放高地

中国自贸区是我国外贸下行压力下提振外贸发展的重要举措,尤其是内陆自贸区对其区域对外贸易依存度提高和开放高地建成会产生重大影响。本文阐述了内陆自贸区、对外依存度,内陆开放高地之间的关系,分析了湖北对外贸易依存度和内陆开放高地方面存在的不足,提出短期内以提高湖北对外依存度为抓手,发挥自贸区建设作用,最终促进湖北实现内陆开放高地的建成目标,应积极采取的措施建议。     

经济安全性、外贸依存度与企业的对外投资

一个国家在其经济发展过程中经济的安全非常重要。外贸依存度是用于衡量一个国家经济对国际市场依赖程度的非常重要的指标,偏高的外贸依存度会给一个国家的经济安全带来威胁与风险。由于我国偏高的外贸依存度对本国经济发展带来风险,是造成经济安全隐患的原因。因此应积极推进我国企业的对外投资,构建我国适度的外贸依存度,以保障我国经济积极、稳妥地发展。     

中国外贸依存度高估的实证分析

文章运用EVIEWS统计软件对中国外贸依存度进行了定量分析,指出中国的外贸依存度不能真正衡量中国的对外贸易程度,得出了中国外贸依存度被高估的结论.     

基于贸易增加值的外贸依存度与经济增长的风险:以韩国为例

通常认为,外贸依存度提高,意味着经济增长更依赖于国际市场,易受到全球经济风波的冲击。以韩国为例,用国际投入产出模型计算韩国的总体外贸依存度、对中国的外贸依存度、电子及光学设备部门的外贸依存度,结果显示,外贸依存度高,并不意味着韩国经济就易受到了外部的负面冲击。究其原因在于,韩国经济具有消费需求驱动的特征,并且在微观上产品创新以及品牌化策略富有成效。这些对中国经济发展有借鉴意义。     

“温 良 恭 俭 让”

选自于:<论语·学而> 解读:人要学会温和、善良、恭谨、简朴、谦让.即:做人一定要有美好的德行.其实这正也是自古以来的做人之本.     

经纪人、交易员、律师和间谍

金融危机过后，“华尔街阴谋论”逐渐盛行起来，可惜都是臆测居多，缺乏真凭实据。而本书的作者以真实的访谈入手，揭出CIA等情报机构与华尔街银行合作的种种细节，可谓匠心独具。     

Assessing black progress: employment,occupation, earnings,income, poverty

Farley discusses changes in employment, occupation, earnings, income, and poverty among US blacks. Among black men, there has been a persistent rise in unemployment since 1960. By the early 1980s, 1 black man out of 8 had dropped out of the labor force, compared to 1 in 20 white men. Some contend that many black men lack the skills to be employed or have personal habits and criminal records which make them unacceptable to employers. Others believe that the expansion of federal welfare programs offers attractive alternatives to men who have limited earnings potential. Still others stress that blacks are concentrated within cities, while the growth of employment is occurring in suburbs. Among those blacks over age 54, labor force participation has declined because of improved Social Security benefits, better private pensions, and the greater availability of Supplemental Security Income. The employment of young blacks compared to whites has deteriorated since 1960. For both races, there has been a steady rise in the employment of women. The recent increases, however, have been great for whites. By the early 1980s, white women caught up with black women in terms of employment. Unlike the indicators of employment itself, there is unambiguous evidence that the occupational distribution of employed blacks has been upgraded and is gradually becoming similar to that of whites. Findings from many studies show that blacks once earned much less than similar whites, but this racial difference has declined among men and has nearly disappeared among women. The proportion of blacks impoverished fell sharply in the 1960s, reaching a minimum of 30% in the early 1970s. Since the early 1970s, blacks have made few gains. The proportion impoverished actually increased and the ratio of black-to-white family income declined. The fact that the earnings of black males are no longer rising faster than those of whites and that there is no longer a migration from southern farms to cities plays a role, but changes in family structure are also important. At all dates, poverty rates have been high and income levels low in families headed by women. In 1984, for example, 52% of the black families with a woman as head of household were below the poverty line, compared to 15% of the black married-couple families. While similar trends are occurring in white families, there has been a sharper increase in the proportion of blacks living in these female-maintained families which have high poverty rates.