Management training and education in the People's Republic of China

Management education and training is an important means of improving the competence of managerial personnel in any economy, and managerial talent is a necessary condition for successful economic development. From the beginning of the open door policy, the People's Republic of China has recognized this need. However, ideological road-blocks, a rather narrow interpretation of modern management, absence of a consistent national policy on managerial education and training and lack of qualified faculty have stifled the development of managerial talent. The worsening fate of the state-owned enterprises has been linked to a shortage of qualified managerial personnel and that shortage continues to be a key operational concern for foreign companies establishing operations in China. This paper traces and describes the historical development of management education and training in the PRC, and explains the current state of affairs. An analysis of political, structural, policy and attitude issues leads to the conclusion that problems remain which could severely hamper China's continued programme of economic reform.     

改革：促进我国所有制理论的发展

社会主义所有制是社会主义一个根本性的问题。30年的改革开放促进了我国所有制理论的重大发展,也使我国所有制结构发生了巨大变化。我国有一个特点,是理论指导实践,理论的发展是在解放思想,在观念转变的推动下,为改革提供了理论依据,促进改革一步一步地发展。凡是改革止步不前,一定是观念上存在误区,需要进一步思想解放,促进理论的发展。     

民国时期医疗机构管理法律制度研究

研究中华民国卫生法制,首先映入眼帘的是＂医师＂＂医士＂这一对概念。＂医师＂＂医士＂概念之对举,发萌于民国初年。后经北洋政府和南京国民政府的变迁,＂医士＂的含义已显著有别于民国初年了。本文旨在对中华民国三十八年间＂医师＂＂医士＂制度的变迁,展开深入细致的分析。     

台湾地区都市计划体制的发展变迁与展望(续)

四、都市规划思潮与专业教育改进的刍议　　空间计划理念与程序演变历程的了解 ,除解析各阶段转变的原因外 ,更重要的是 ,希冀从中获知一些问题与趋势 ,并藉以展望可预期的未来。以下兹就都市计划的发展以及都市计划教育改进之策略 ,提出可采行的方向如下 :1 .土地利用与管理的问题 (辛晚教 ,1 999)(1 )都市住商用地有些县市计划发展都市用地面积过大 ,远超过实际或预期之需要。计划人口密度过低 ,而发展地区实际管制密度过松 ,造成发展地区密度过高 ,环境品质低 ,都市零散发展 ,低度使用或空地多 ,土地及公共设施无法有效配合需要。另各类…     

The "New Economies" of the People's Republic of China

A bstract . On September 26, 1985, the Communist Party of China Central Committee on the Seventh Five-Year Plan adopted the outlines of the guiding principles for China's economic and social development for the period 1986–1990. Recently, these principles were reaffirmed with the election of a new Politburo composed of relatively (by Chinese standards) young men who are almost uniformly supportive of the economic reforms that began in China several years ago. These reforms have already considerably altered China economically and otherwise. A country that was once one of the more centralized socialist States in the world has embarked on an ambitious program to create a more efficient economy, one where market forces dire playing an increasingly important role and one where the individual consumer's wants and preferences are receiving substantially more attention. China's major issues resolve around reforming its management system.     

我国工程项目风险管理进展研究

首先回顾了国内外风险管理的基本情况，然后提出了工程项目风险的概念，来源和特点，并阐述了有关工程项目风险管理的程序及各种管理方法，其中着重介绍了我国风险管理技术中风险识别，风险评估的发展现状，探讨了实现项目风险管理现代化的计算机系统的组成，最后提出风险管理的一些思路：风险评估定量化，风险效益综合考虑、完善风险管理模式等。     

民国时期医疗机构管理法律制度研究

医疗机构是负责疾病预防、诊断、治疗的社会组织,本文以民国时期中央政府公布的多件医疗机构管理立法为研究对象,通过对不同时期法律的研究,梳理出中央政府对医疗机构管理的各项法律制度,进而对民国时期医疗机构管理法制的历史成就与局限性做出评价。     

一个祖国大陆与台湾宏观经济联接模型

20世纪90年代以来,大陆与台湾经贸往来日益紧密。当前台湾已是大陆第4大贸易伙伴,而台湾也占海外对大陆投资的第4位。现实的情况要求我们必须就两岸经济的相互影响给予深入的定量分析。为此,我们研制了一个基于贸易于资本流动的两岸宏观经济联接模型,并以此为工具,定量研究了两岸间的经济互动关系与相互依存关系。本文主要介绍祖国大陆与台湾宏观经济联接模型的特点与模型结构,并就模型的动态仿真与初步应用进行了简要说明。     

论政府在社会经济转型中的作用

一、稳定、强大的政府是实现社会经济平稳转型的重要前提 从世界历史发展来看,在社会经济转型时期,政治和社会稳定是一个国家实现经济长期发展的前提.只有在一个稳定的政治、社会环境中,各个经济主体才会确信他们获得的报酬与其在经济活动的贡献存在一种相对稳定的关系,并且会积极地工作和从事创新活动,从而会推动社会经济的长期发展;相反,一个政治不稳定、社会关系趋于紧张甚至发生严重冲突的国家要实现社会经济的长期发展是不可想象的.     

浅析中华民国卫生法制之得失

本文分别从立法和法律实施的角度评析了中华民国卫生法制之得失,指出了民国时期卫生立法上的三项显著成就与四点明显不足,及法律实施过程中的成效与不足。通过对中华民国三十八年卫生法制得失之深入分析,为当代卫生立法,中医药立法提出合理的学术建言。     

Conceptions of employee responsibilities and rights in the United States and the People's Republic of China

Workplace responsibilities and rights tend to be defined in ways that imply their universal applicability in various cultural contexts. Based on comparisons of the United States and the People's Republic of China, this article investigates the influence of differing cultural characteristics on conceptions of responsibilities and rights. The basic assumptions underlying the conceptions of employee (and employer) responsibilities and rights in the two countries are examined. Evidence drawn from relevant bodies of literature and a close examination of many social or organizational incidents suggest that the concepts of employee (and employer) rights and responsibilities are culture-relative. Based on the findings, the article further offers a set of theoretical propositions, and discusses implications for future comparative research on employee responsibilities and rights.     

中国现代城市管理法规的早期探索——以民国时期的南京为例

民国时期,中央政府及南京市政府根据中央授权,制定了一系列规范南京城市管理的法规.这些法规确定了城市管理机关的组织和权限,内容涉及公用事业管理、市民生活、社会问题解决、教育事业、地政、自治事项等方面.城市管理法规将南京的城市管理纳入了制度化轨道,是城市管理体制现代化的重要体现.但由于种种因素,这些法规的实效受到了限制.     

台湾台中市绿色规划设计及其功能的调查分析

伴随着城市化进程的高速发展,城市绿地系统已成为我国城市规划设计面临的重要任务,而绿道是城市绿地系统的重要组成部分.台湾台中市在绿道建设中取得了显著成效,对该市的绿道进行了实地调查,系统分析概括规划设计特点、发展历史及其主要功能(交通、防灾避难、环境教育、文化传播及提升经济价值),从而为我国内地城市绿道规划建设作参考.     

文化视角下的两岸传统聚落景观价值评价比对分析

相隔海峡的台湾与大陆文化发展从古至今一脉同源,但特殊的历史背景又使得台湾地区近代城镇发展与大陆地区相比具有一定的特殊性与差异。台湾先后经历了农村生产模式转型与新农村再生治理阶段,为推动农村地区的发展,实现农村地区生产、生活、生态的和谐发展,采取了一系列的政策措施。但在这些政策实施的十几年过程中,台湾地区同样面临传统聚落的保护与经济发展的矛盾问题。随着新农村再生治理机制的实行,以及2005年出台了《文资法》后,台湾对传统聚落文化景观的评价、保护与发展取得了一定成效。基于文化视角对海峡两岸地区的传统聚落景观评价体系进行了比对研究,并对两者产生差异性的因素在社会、历史、文化、经济等方面作出了论述,并进一步总结,为我国新型城镇化背景下传统聚落的保护与发展提供了启示。     

An empirical test of the model on managing the localization of human resources in the People's Republic of China

The localization of human resources has been a major objective for many transnational corporations (TNCs) in the People's Republic of China (PRC). After a review of related literature and in-depth interviews with six TNCs, Wong and Law (1999) developed a model explaining the localization process in the PRC. Based on this localization model, this study empirically tested the antecedents of successful localization results of 139 TNCs in the People's Republic of China. Results showed that, (1) whether or not localization had been identified as an important goal, (2) overall localization planning efforts and (3) actual human resources management practices were important factors leading to successful localization of expatriate positions. Implications of the results are discussed.     

An examination of the cost efficiency of banks in Taiwan and China using the metafrontier cost function

Using the stochastic metafrontier framework of Battese et al. (J Prod Anal 21:91–103, 2004), this study proposes to compare and measure the cost efficiency and cost frontier gap between the banking industry in Taiwan and China. It further identifies environmental variables that determine bank’s cost frontier gap between two countries. Data on 69 sample banks for years 2005–2009 are used in the empirical analysis and inference. The empirical results show that Taiwanese banks have in general the superior cost frontier of production, but inferior cost efficiency of operation than Chinese banks. Private banks in Taiwan have the best cost frontier, whereas foreign banks in China are most cost efficient among all banks in Taiwan and China. The empirical results also reveal that the majority of Taiwanese banks are undersized and that most banks in China are oversized. Finally, the regression results show that the financial market structure, institutional environment, and political development are significant determinants of the cost gap between the cost frontiers of banks in Taiwan and China. Therefore, programs related to changes directed toward a better bank production environment can be initiated to improve the cost technologies of banks in both Taiwan and China.