The Scientific Outlook on Development——Quotes form Zhang Daohua s book

The scientific outlook on development is a practical demonstration of the dialectics,which is based on all-faceted,coordinated and perpetual laws,and perfect representation of universal truth and fundamental principles.     

The Relationship Between Competition and Incumbent’s Innovation

A static model is developed to analyse the incumbent’s innovation strategy under monopoly and duopoly. A number of potential objectives for the incumbent are modelled here, including the maximization of revenue, profit, and welfare (which are common among the network industries). Its marginal cost depends upon investment in new technologies and processes. The incumbent chooses its price and its level of investment in innovation. The incumbent’s elasticity of demand under both market structures and the incumbent’s market share under duopoly determine which market structure creates more incentives to innovate. For certain values of these variables, duopoly provides more incentives to innovate than monopoly. As expected, the incentives to innovate increase when the incumbent places greater weight on social welfare.     

The 7th Zhongguancun IT Festival——Innovation Promote Development Science Generate Proserity

The 7th Zhongguancun IT Festival will be held from September 8 to 12 at the main-venue—Beijing Haidian Exhibition Center and sub-venues—Diaoxianghu International Convention Center, Haidian Park, Shangri-la International Corference Center.     

A Study of Dicken’s Humor Weiting——With Incongruity Theory

Many scholars have shown great interest in Dickens' humor writing.On the basis of the scholars' studies,this thesis will make an analysis on the humor in his works that arise as reaction to what we perceive incongruous.The thesis will apply the incongruity theory to Dickens' humor writing.     

Assessing Freeman’s Stakeholder Theory

At least since the publication of the monumental Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach (1984), the “stakeholder theory” originated by R. E. Freeman has engrossed much of the business ethics literature. Subsequently, some advocates have moved a bit too quickly and without proper definition or argument. They have exceeded Freeman’s intentions which are more libertarian and free-market than is often thought. This essay focuses on the versions of stakeholder theory directly authored or coauthored by Freeman in an effort to recover (1) Freeman’s intentions and (2) the argumentative justification of stakeholder theory. It then argues that Freeman’s appeal to legal, economic, and ethical constraints ultimately produce arguments that are invalid. One can thoroughly support legislation constraining corporations or seeking to prevent age discrimination, market monopolies, and externalities and regret the extent that capitalism is heir to such shortcomings without it following that (1) business beneficiaries should be changed from stockholders to stakeholders and (2) the latter should be given serious decision-making power. Further, stakeholder theory neither defines nor battles any obvious opposition. Hence, it is difficult to see what it changes about business management. In short, stakeholder theory either changes too much about business, or nothing important at all (depending on one’s interpretation). Efforts to supplant or improve the reigning theory of capitalism will have to do better.     

From made in China to Created in China——The Independent Innovation Road of Yutong

In 1993, Zhengzhou Yutong Group was established on the basis of Zhengzhou Passenger Bus Factory. After over ten years＇ development, by 2005, Yutong＇s sales has broken 20,000, with the sales income of RMB6.6 billion. At the same year, Yutong Group realized export of 1098, with the export value of US$80 million （RMB63 million）, accounting for 19.98% and 34.4% of the national passenger buses export volume and value respectively, accounting for 39% of the export of the same kind of products. Why Yutong can achieve this great result？ China＇s Foreign Trade reporter interviewed Yutong to explore Yutong＇ s road to success.     

From made in China to Created in China——The Independent Innovation Road of Yutong

In 1993, Zhengzhou Yutong Group was established on the basis of Zhengzhou Passenger Bus Factory. After over ten years‘ development, by 2005,Yutong‘s sales has broken 20,000, with the sales income of RMB6.6 billion.……     

The millennial consumer enters the age of exhibitionism— a book‐review essay: Part 1

Parts 1 and 2 of this book‐review essay explore the symbiotic connection between exhibitionism and voyeurism in the lives of consumers. The two‐part essay (to be continued in the next issue of CM&C) places this exhibitionistic‐voyeuristic symbiosis (EVS) within the context of an emerging recognition of the “Four E's"‐experience, entertainment, exhibitionism, and evangelizing‐as crucial aspects of the culture of consumption. Focusing primarily on the third “E,” the essay examines several recent works that elucidate the role of the EVS phenomenon in the Age of Exhibitionism that confronts the Millennial Consumer.     

Innovation quantity or quality? The role of political connections

Based on the heterogeneity of innovation quantity and quality, this study investigates the impact of political connections on enterprises' innovation. Using the data of Chinese listed enterprises from 2003 to 2015, we find that political connections have a positive impact on enterprises' innovation quantity, but they are detrimental to innovation quality. We further find that political connections weaken the promotion of government subsidies on innovation quality and even reduce the R&D intensity of enterprises, which serves as an essential determinant of innovation quality. The government can stimulate enterprises' innovation quality by improving marketization, intellectual property protection, and anti-corruption.     

The Conflict of Ethos and Ethics: A Sociological Theory of Business People’s Ethical Values

This article develops a sociological theory of ambivalence to explain several puzzling and contradictory ethical attitudes of business people: (1) a simultaneous disposition to comparatively more self-interested and more charitable behavior than many other occupational groups and (2) a moderate level of receptiveness to inculcation of moral principles through social channels such as higher education. We test the theory by comparing the way that business students rate the ethical acceptability of various ethically challenging scenarios with the way that criminal justice students rate these same scenarios. We also explore the malleability of ethical views by measuring differences between the responses of sophomores and seniors. The data generally support hypotheses based on a theory of ambivalence. At the same time, however, we also report on findings that suggest alternative explanations to ambivalence.     

Young SMEs as a Motor of Europe’s Innovation Machine

Intereconomics - Using large scale EIB Investment Survey evidence for 2016 covering 8,900 non-financial firms from all size and age classes across all sectors and all EU member states, the authors...     

The Advertising–price Relationship: Theory and Evidence

The relationship between advertising and price is important because the welfare effect of advertising depends upon the price effect of advertising. We attempt to provide a better understanding of the theoretical relationship between advertising and price. We establish theoretical conditions sufficient for advertising to raise prices. This will occur, for example, when firms play a supermodular game – a structure that considers the type of advertising (i.e., persuasive, image creating, or informative) and the effect that advertising has on a firm’s demand and costs. We also compare results from two simple duopoly models, one with horizontal and the other with vertical differentiation, and find that only the model with horizontal differentiation is supermodular for the forms of advertising that are thought to raise price (e.g., persuasive advertising). In consideration of these theoretical issues, we then develop an empirical model to determine whether advertising raises prices in the US brewing and cigarette industries.     

What’s the Good of Ethical Theory?

It is argued that presently prevailing ethical theories can be largely dispensed with. Such theories are of limited use in solving ethical problems. They fail because they are ‘reductionist’. They take an aspect of morality to be the whole of morality. Moreover, the very process of constructing, testing, and modifying them reveals that we already have that understanding of the nature of the ethical which they purport to provide us with. (This is labelled the ‘paradox of ethical theory’.) That prior understanding is the identification of morality with the common good. This, it is claimed, is all the understanding we need to approach problems within business ethics or any other branch of ‘applied ethics’. UNDERSHAFT. ...Well, come! Is there anything you know or care for? STEPHEN. I know the difference between right and wrong. UNDERSHAFT. ...Why man you’re a genius, a master of masters, a god! At twentyfour too! STEPHEN. ... I pretend to nothing more than any honourable English gentleman claims as his birthright. SHAW, Major Barbara, Act III     

Stephanie Kelton: The Deficit Myth: Modern Monetary Theory and the Birth of the People’s Economy

Business Economics -     

Determinants of Successful IT-Enabled Business Innovation： A Case Study from the Perspective of Institutional Entrepreneurship Theory

As the role of information technology （IT） in business innovation becomes increasingly important, an increasing number of organizations have started to consider how to promote IT-enabled business innovation. Although extant studies have identified organization, environment, and innovation＇s characteristics as substantial determinants of IT innovation, they do not emphasize the accompanying innovation in processes, products or services, which distinguish IT-enabled business innovation from general IT innovation. Therefore, the reason why few companies succeed in realizing IT-enabled business innovation remains obscure. Anchored on the institutional entrepreneurship theory, this paper examines determinants of the success of IT-enabled business innovation in a fast-growing company using the case study approach. Our findings indicate that IT-business coordination competency, degree of institutionalization, participation of business managers, top management team＇s （TMT） attitude towards the innovation, and the innovation＇s relative strength, have significant impacts on the success of IT-enabled business innovation. Our findings also contribute to IT innovation research by identifying special determinants of IT-enabled business innovation and redirecting research ranging from innovation in IT itself to IT-enabled innovation in business processes, products or services.     

Angebotsökonomie: wenig Innovation — viele Jobs!

Deregulation of labour markets through structural reforms as proposed by supply side economists has a negative impact on innovation and brings down the growth rates of labour productivity. This paper discusses why the Schumpeter II innovation model is functioning poorly with higher labour turnover. Deregulation of labour markets also changes power relations between capital and labour, which leads to lower wage growth. Panel data analyses show that a one per cent lower wage increase leads to 0.32-0.49% lower growth of value added per labour hour.