论我国农产品技术性壁垒的应对策略

我国是农产品生产与出口大国,农产品出口贸易成为我国对外贸易的重要战略部分,但也因此而屡遭他国实施技术性贸易壁垒之苦。本文在总结我国农产品遭遇技术性贸易壁垒的特点之基础上,深入剖析了我国现有应对策略机制的缺陷与不足,并据此提出了极富针对性、本土性和实效性的完善之道。     

我国农产品国际贸易中的技术性壁垒应对策略

农产品国际技术贸易属于一国政府机构、经济性组织或者个人依据某一商业条件对另一国家的经济组织或者个人转让相关农产品技术之行为。这种有偿技术转让没有经过科学合理地证明,有可能会对出口国的农产品造成实质上的危害。但是,农产品国际贸易技术壁垒由于具备了隐蔽性与灵活性等特征而逐步成为我国农产品国际贸易中十分重要的课题。本文分析了当前农产品国际贸易技术性壁垒状况,并探讨了明确农产品相关技术标准、健全农产品质量检测机制等我国农产品国际贸易应对技术性壁垒的策略。     

国际贸易中的知识产权壁垒与中国企业应对策略

随着知识经济时代的到来,科学技术传播在国家之间日益增多,与贸易有关的知识产权越来越受到重视,并逐步成为发达国家限制进口和进行行业垄断的重要手段。笔者着重从知识产权壁垒表现形式以及我国企业应对策略两个方面加以分析,提出我国企业应对知识产权壁垒的策略。     

我国水产品出口遭遇技术性壁垒分析

技术性贸易壁垒是目前我国水产品企业出口遇到的一个难题,直接阻碍了我国水产品企业的发展。本文通过对目前水产品遭遇到的技术性贸易壁垒现状的分析,指出造成这种现状的根本原因,最后针对这些原因提出切实可行的对策,为我国的水产品出口持续稳定增长提供帮助。     

美国对华OFDI投资壁垒及其应对策略研究

伴随着中国经济实力的不断增强和“走出去”战略的实施,中国对美直接投资呈显著上升趋势.面对飞速增长的中国投资,美国一方面表示欢迎,另一方面却不断设置各种投资壁垒和门槛,将中国公司拒之门外.本文通过统计数据归纳中国对美国OFDI的特点,探究中国企业在美国遇到的投资障碍,最后提出减少投资壁垒的应对策略.     

“一带一路”背景下国际贸易壁垒应对策略探析

随着我国"一带一路"倡议持续推进,与周边国家交流合作逐渐深入,贸易往来上更加频繁,经济效益显著。但中国对外贸易壁垒却日益频繁,成为了阻碍中国在"一带一路"倡议下走向国际化的重大影响因素之一。基于此,笔者提出了相应的应对策略。     

浅析我国如何应对新型国际贸易壁垒

经济全球化形势下,各国经济的贸易往来越来越频繁.各国为了限制他国的产品,保护本国的民族企业,实行各种措施排斥、抵制他国的产品,限制他国企业在本国的发展.当然,中国企业也同样面临着来自国的贸易壁垒.但是,为了获得更广阔的发展空间,为了开拓国际市场,中国各企业也制定了各种措施应对各种贸易壁垒,以求得企业走向国际市场,获得快速发展.     

劳工标签:潜在技术性壁垒及当前的应对思路

在当前全球经济衰退环境下,贸易保护主义的风险加大。国际市场的收缩可能使我国企业面临更多的隐性贸易壁垒。劳工标签是其中较具代表性的一个问题。近年来,由政府主导的劳工标准与贸易政策挂钩的多边谈判陷入僵局,而以SA8000为代表的劳工标签,作为劳工标准的民间第三方认证,已对国际贸易活动产生较大影响。应重视当前形势下进口国可能加强的贸易保护倾向,全面认识劳工标准国际化和劳动力成本的提高,积极介入劳工标准与贸易相关问题的国际活动。     

技术性壁垒对中美茶叶贸易影响分析

茶叶是我国重要的出口农产品。随着贸易自由化程度的深化,关税等传统保护手段对农产品贸易的限制作用越来越小。本文从我国茶叶出口现状及遭受的美国技术性壁垒入手,将技术性壁垒作为虚拟变量,运用扩展的引力模型分析发现,日趋强化的美国技术性壁垒已成为我国茶叶出口的主要障碍。此外中国茶叶对美国出口的平均单位价格、中国茶叶总产量、人民币升值、美国人均GDP也对两国茶叶贸易具有显著影响。最后,在计量结果分析的基础上提出应对美国技术性壁垒的对策。     

技术性壁垒对中美茶叶贸易影响分析

茶叶是我国重要的出口农产品。随着贸易自由化程度的深化,关税等传统保护手段对农产品贸易的限制作用越来越小。本文从我国茶叶出口现状及遭受的美国技术性壁垒入手,将技术性壁垒作为虚拟变量,运用扩展的引力模型分析发现,日趋强化的美国技术性壁垒已成为我国茶叶出口的主要障碍。此外中国茶叶对美国出口的平均单位价格、中国茶叶总产量、人民币升值、美国人均GDP也对两国茶叶贸易具有显著影响。最后,在计量结果分析的基础上提出应对美国技术性壁垒的对策。     

Market reaction to international joint venture announcement: The case of developed versus less developed countries

Joint ventures across national borders are more advantageous than other forms of international diversification because they afford a better control of technology usage, require a minimal level of cash investment, and present a more effective means of avoiding intervention from the host government. All of these characteristics make international joint ventures uniquely suitable for investments in less developed countries. This paper ascertains whether investors agree with the above sentiment by examining the stock market response to 41 announcements of international joint ventures during 1985-1987, using the event study method. It was found that the stock of the multinational corporations announcing international joint ventures generally outperforms the market In addition, the market reaction to the announcement of international joint ventures in less developed countries is, on average, more favorable than its reaction to the announcement of international joint ventures in developed countries.     

The investment development path of newly developed countries

According to foreign direct investment (FDI) path theory, developed countries are grouped into two phases, known as the fourth and fifth phases. Fourth‐phase countries (newly developed economies) show a technological and institutional “gap” in comparison with fifth‐phase economies, which explains their lesser capacity to generate direct investment. We found that these countries, which were less developed economies in the 1980s, had undergone a deep structural transformation. This transformation encouraged the multinationalization of firms, which is a differentiating element and one outcome of their development process. These results have clear policy implications: the governments of newly developed countries should take steps to increase the endowment of knowledge‐intensive assets. The main contribution of this paper is the theoretical reformulation of the fourth phase of the investment development path theory.     

The characteristics and performance of Japanese FDI in less developed and developed countries

Data on 26,857 Japanese foreign investments in 150 countries and regions over the 1991–1999 period reveal that there are stark differences in the characteristics and performance of Japanese FDI (JFDI) between less developed countries (LDCs) and developed countries (DCs). JFDI in LDCs has been growing more rapidly over the period, and it is concentrated in the Secondary industrial sector, with a lower level of control within a subsidiary, and has been initiated by parent firms with market-seeking and labor-seeking purposes and with relatively weak ownership advantages. In contrast, JFDI in DCs has maintained relatively stable growth over the period, is concentrated in the Tertiary industrial sector, with a higher level of control within a subsidiary, and has been initiated by parent firms with market-seeking and strategic-seeking purposes and with relatively strong ownership advantages. JFDI in LDCs tended to attain a higher financial performance and a lower exit rate, yet with a greater variance, than those in DCs.     

关于绿色壁垒的新战略思考

21世纪是绿色文明的时代。近年来绿色壁垒对我国外贸的发展带来了极大的挑战，文章从理性角度全面分析论述了绿色壁垒对我国主要出口行业的消极影响，并提出了若干新策略。     

发达国家宏观经济管理比较及启示

建立和完善社会主义市场经济的新体制,迫切要求转变政府职能,为转换国有企业,特别是国有大中型企业的经营机制,把企业推向市场创造条件.今天,研究发达资本主义国家政府的经济管理职能,大胆吸收和借鉴其政府有效干预经济的积极成果,对深化经济体制改革,促进中国经济的腾飞具有重要意义.本文拟以国际发达国家为例,分析其宏观经济管理,通过这方面的比较,得出一些有益的启示.     

The external debt situation of the least developed countries

While the external debt of the least developed countries (LLDCs) is no threat to the international financial system, its adverse impact on the development efforts of many of these countries is severe. The following article examines their debt and economic situation and reviews major elements of the current international debt strategy with regard to their adequacy in bringing the LLDCs back to sustainable debt burdens and growth. The article was written while the author was working at the OECD. The views in the article are those of the author and do not reflect those of the World Bank or its affiliates or of the OECD.     

技术性贸易壁垒对中国食品对外贸易的影响

随各国对食品质量、食品安全问题的关注程度日益增强、各国食品加工技术的不断完善,以及各国的食品进口准入条件的提高,都使得我国在食品贸易方面面临着更加苛刻严格的技术性贸易壁垒,贸易环境也相对恶化.本文通过分析我国食品出口中所遇到的技术性贸易壁垒,并由分析结果给出了应对技术性贸易壁垒我国食品的对外贸易所需要注意和改善的方面,及其改善措施.     

欧盟技术壁垒对嘉兴纺织品发展的影响及其对策

嘉兴的纺织品企业出口近年采频频受到了欧盟的技术壁垒的影响.因此积极寻找企业应对技术壁垒的措施对嘉兴市的纺织品出口具有重要的现实意义.本文通过分析嘉兴市纺织品出口以及欧盟技术壁垒的现状,总结确实可行的政府、行业协会、企业层面的应对措施,从而促进纺织品行业的健康发展.