EU Financial Market Access After Brexit

Brexit means Brexit, or out means out — and that includes the UK’s exit from the single financial market. With financial services accounting for about eight per cent of the country’s GDP, it is understandable why the UK attaches immense importance to retaining access to the EU’s single market. But putting a mutually acceptable regime in place will take years of negotiations, and the final agreement will clearly allow much less access than UK-licensed firms enjoy today.     

EU Migration to and from the UK After Brexit

In the 2016 referendum over the UK’s membership of the EU, the question of how Brexit would impact migration to the UK was a major point of contention. Those leading the campaign to leave the EU promised lower levels of immigration and the introduction of an “Australian type points based system” to regulate future inflows of EU nationals to the country, while at the same time maintaining access to the EU single market. At the same time, the status of EU nationals already living in the UK was not a key topic in the debate. The leaders of the campaign to leave the EU suggested that EU nationals already residing in the UK would be granted some form of residence permit and would retain most of their current rights. Likewise, there was little concern about the legal status of UK nationals in other EU countries and the argument that the “EU would be obliged to grant permanent settlement rights to Britons living in Ireland and mainland Europe”.     

The Political Economy of Brexit: Why Making It Easier to Leave the Club Could Improve the EU

The UK exit from the EU represents a qualitative change in the nature of EU membership. On the one hand, it conveyed the lesson that for the Union to be sustainable, membership needs to entail constant caretaking as far as individual members’ contributions to the common good are concerned, with both rights and obligations. Countries with preferences that are too divergent for the Union to function properly should then not be discouraged to invoke Article 50 and to opt instead for membership in the EEA or for a free trade agreement. The Union has to deliver to be sustainable, but it cannot do so if there is a constant hold up of decisions that are in the common interest. On the other hand, with the eurozone having established itself as the de facto core of European (political) integration, the UK’s preference for a stand-alone (and incomplete) economic union became untenable, because the need to make the monetary union work calls for further integration and institution-building in the economic union sphere.     

e-banking culture: A comparison of EU 27 countries and Portuguese case in the EU 27 retail banking context

The aim of this research is two-fold. Firstly we conducted a wise comparative analysis of EU 27 countries and secondly we identified distinct e-banking user segments of Portuguese citizens. We used a questionnaire for data collection (n=2358) and Latent Class Models (LCM) for data analysis. LCM revealed three segments in EU 27 (Portugal is in the poorest cluster, concerning the indicators used, with Greece, Spain and Cyprus) and two e-banking user segments in Portuguese citizens: Those who do not risk (49%), and Those who risk (51%). Our findings enable e-banking managers for taking appropriate strategic decisions.     

EU Challenges,Investment in the EU and the Role of the European Investment Group

While monetary policy is close to the limits of what it can achieve, consensus on a more active fiscal policy is still lacking. Indeed, on the political front, Europe stands at something of a political crossroads, facing growing social, economic and political challenges. Efforts are now focused on pragmatically advancing on key common priorities. The urgency and ambition with which this co-operation proceeds will be critical to success.     

Labour mobility in the EU: Dynamics,patterns and policies

The continued economic crisis has become a major test for the labour markets of individual member states. Labour mobility within the European Union has the potential to help to reduce labour market pressures and ease economic imbalances. However, a long-term loss of working age population can be detrimental to sending countries. This Forum explores mobility patterns within the European Union and analyses the labour market and welfare effects of labour mobility via case studies of the UK, Poland, Germany and Spain. It also examines a number of its aspects that have important political and institutional relevance for the European Union and its future.     

EU After COVID-19: An Opportunity for Policy Coordination

Intereconomics - Despite all the difficulties inherent to our political organisation, the European Union has taken a bold step by doubling the EU budget for the next six years with the NGEU fund.     

入世对发展我国高技术产业的机遇与挑战

高技术产业是我国的弱项,但它又是我国对外开放的重要领域。入世对我国高技术产业的发展既有机遇,又有挑战。面对入世,我国应采取正确的战略和政策措施,利用机遇,迎接挑战。     

浅析英国脱欧对全球以及中国经济的影响

英国于2020年1月31日正式退出欧洲联盟,标志着其作为世界最大贸易集团长达47年的成员国历史的结束。英国退出欧盟,不仅对英国自身和英欧关系是一次重大考验,对全球经济及中国经济都将带来不可避免的影响。中国面对英国脱欧带来的诸多影响,在对外贸易和投资方面应积极调整政策,构建全球互联互通伙伴关系,实现共同发展繁荣。     

Enlargement and the EU budget: The battles ahead

The coming enlargement of the EU is unprecedented as regards both the number of acceding countries and the wealth differentials existing between the Union's current members and the candidates. The contributors to this forum present their views on how the complex financial issues involved can be solved in a way that will enable the enlarging Union to continue to function while ensuring a fair distribution of the costs and benefits of enlargement. This article is part of the project “Membership of Central and Eastern European Countries in the EU” funded by the Otto Wolff-Stiftung, Cologne.     

欧盟新成员国带给中国经贸关系的挑战

2004年5月1日，波兰、匈牙利、捷克、斯洛伐克、斯洛尼亚、爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、塞浦路斯和马耳他等10国正式加入欧盟。欧盟由15国增加到25国，拥有4．5亿消费，年进出口额接近3万亿美元，占世界总贸易额的20％，国内生产总值占世界1/4，成为全球最大的贸易集团和进口市场。而这些新成员占拥有25个成员国的欧盟表面积的19．4％，人口的16．7％，国民生产总值的8．1％，新成员国的人均国内生产总值占欧盟平均数的48．6％。     

The economic effects of the UK government's proposed Brexit deal

The focus of our analysis is on how the UK government's proposed Brexit deal is likely to affect the economy. First, we assess how trade, migration, foreign direct investment, productivity and contributions to the EU budget might change by reviewing current proposals against historical evidence. Second, we use the National Institute Global Econometric Model (NiGEM) to analyse the macroeconomic effects. Our assessment is that trade with the EU, especially in services, would be more costly after Brexit. This would be likely to have adverse effects on living standards in the UK. Our central estimate is that if the government's proposed Brexit deal is implemented, then GDP in the longer term will be around 3% lower per head than it would have been had the UK stayed in the EU. If the UK were to stay in a customs union with the EU, or if the Irish backstop position was to be invoked, there would still be a hit to GDP per capita of 2%. These estimates represent our considered view of the economic impact of the government's proposed Brexit deal, but they are themselves uncertain as there is no historical precedent of a country leaving a major trading block such as the EU.     

入世 我国体育产业面临的机遇和挑战

运用文献资料法 ,在简述我国体育产业发展现状的基础上 ,结合“WTO”规则及我国体育产业发展特点 ,分析加入“WTO”后我国体育产业将面临的机遇和挑战 ,并提出了对策和措施 ,使我国体育产业在充分享有“WTO”利益的同时 ,能将其负影响减小到最小。     

Emigration and wages: The EU enlargement experiment

The enlargement of the European Union provides a unique opportunity to study the impact of the lifting of migration restrictions on the migrant sending countries. With EU enlargement in 2004, 1.2 million workers from Eastern Europe emigrated to the UK and Ireland. I use this emigration wave to show that emigration significantly changed the wage distribution in the sending country, in particular between young and old workers. Using a novel dataset from Lithuania, the UK and Ireland for the calibration of a structural model of labor demand, I find that over the period of five years emigration increased the wages of young workers by 6%, while it had no effect on the wages of old workers. Contrary to the immigration literature, there is no significant effect of emigration on the wage distribution between high-skilled and low-skilled workers.     

平衡性双边:“英国脱欧”对中欧关系的影响

英国脱欧对中欧关系的影响是通过传导机制实现的。原有的传导机制是全球化多边,而现有的传导机制为国家间双边,国际关系的结构体系由此发生变化。多边主义出现危机,双边主义增强。一些国家由此开始放弃多边主义,转而采取双边主义,英国脱欧是从多边主义转向双边主义的典型事件。在新的传导机制作用下中欧政治、经济和文化关系发生了显著变化。多速欧洲是必然的,是欧洲国家相互妥协的结果。中欧关系双边与多边多层交互共存,也呈现出多速局面。     

欧盟观察（来自欧盟的最新动态）

欧盟绿色周：城市是解决世界环境问题的关键;报告与出版物;     

A Comparison of Clustering Dynamics in the British Broadcasting and Financial Services Industries

This paper compares patterns of industrial clustering in the British broadcasting and financial services industries. Recent trends of deregulation, rapid technological change, and globalization in both industries suggest the significant and increasing importance of clustering effects. This study examines the evidence. It investigates the effects of cluster strength on the growth of the firm and on rates of surviving entry. We find positive, large, and statistically significant clustering effects. In both industries: (a) incumbent firms located in a cluster that is strong in their own sub-sector of their industry tend to grow faster than average; and, (b) new firms are attracted by industry strength in certain sub-sectors in a particular region. The results for these largely mature service industries are very similar to those observed in earlier studies that have examined clustering patterns in newer high technology manufacturing industries.