代际财富转移对中国城镇居民生育意愿影响研究——基于CHARLS数据的实证分析

经济状况是制约生育率的重要因素,针对城镇居民生育意愿低下这种趋势,文章采用2015年CHARLS数据对中国居民代际财富转移现状进行分析,结合分析结果研究其对城镇居民生育意愿的影响。研究结果发现:教育水平、居住地、收入水平、是否独生子女家庭这几项变量通过影响代际财富转移,从而影响城镇居民生育意愿。     

长期贫困、代际转移与家庭津贴

长期贫困的重要特征是贫困经常从上一代转移到子女身上.儿童时期的贫困体验对个体未来的经济获得有着持久性影响.要阻止贫困代际转移,有效的工具是实行家庭津贴政策.发达国家不同家庭津贴的效率表明,普惠型优于补缺型,服务供给优于现金转移,服务的公共供给优于私人供给.因此,实行服务偏向、公共供给为主的普惠型家庭津贴政策是我国减少儿童贫困,增加人力资本积累的必由之路.     

我国家族企业代际传承知识转移影响因素分析

以家族企业代际传承和知识管理相关理论为基础,通过对家族企业的访谈和问卷调查,运用结构方程模型,提出了家族企业代际传承中知识转移的影响因素和作用机制模型。影响知识代际转移的主要因素有家族关系、在任者和继任者特性、知识转移渠道和知识特性。研究发现,在任者和继任者特性对知识转移效果具有显著正向影响,知识的默会性和情景嵌入性对知识转移效果有显著负向影响,家族关系对知识转移效果的直接影响不显著,主要通过知识转移渠道的中介作用间接影响知识转移效果,知识转移渠道在知识代际传承中起中介作用。     

控制权转移的财富效应研究

文章通过事件研究法,考察了控制权转移对股东财富的影响,结果发现：无论是短窗口还是长窗口,控制权转移之后股东财富都有显著地增加;实际控制人持股比例较高的公司控制权转移之后股东财富的增加明显高于持股比较低的公司。这些结果意味着,控制权转移之后并未损害股东财富,但公司治理水平会影响控制权转移前后股东财富变化的大小。这说明在控制权转移进程中,还需要注意提高公司的治理水平,加强对投资者的保护,这样才能更好地发挥控制权转移对股东财富的积极作用。本研究有助于资本市场参与者认识控制权转移带来的经济后果问题,有助于其做出正确的经济决策。     

收入代际转移动机理论述评

收入代际转移,即收入在家庭内不同代成员之间的转移,是经济生活中一个不可忽视的现象,它主要包括父母在世时对子女经济上的支持以及父母去世后留给子女的遗产。收入代际转移不但会改变父母和子女的消费支出和储蓄行为,而且会对政府的税收及转移支付政策的效果产生重要的影响。因此,对收入代际转移的研究系当前西方经济学中一个热点问题。其中,对收入代际转移的动机的研究则又处于研究的核心地位。     

家庭财富的转移效用

家庭财富转移是非常重要的经济现象，是我国农村养老保障的主要形式。本文采用贝克尔(Gary S．Becker)式经济分析方法，建立了家庭利他模型，探讨了家庭财富转移的效用。结果表明，在家庭中，愿意将自身财富转移给他人的利他行为比只考虑自身财富增加而不考虑对他人转移的利己行为更能增加自身效用。     

投资者保护、定向增发和财富转移

本文研究良好的投资保护环境能否抑制上市公司的财富转移行为,以2006-2010年进行定向增发的上市公司为研究样本,我们发现地区投资保护程度越高,大股东借助定向增发折价进行财富转移的程度越低。这一研究不仅为我国定向增发中所存在的财富转移提供了佐证,而且对理解宏观投资保护水平对企业微观行为的影响,构建完善的定向增发监管体系,具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

Wealth Distribution and Optimal Inheritance Taxation in Life-cycle Economies with Intergenerational Transfers

Intergenerational transfers are introduced into a general equilibrium life-cycle model in order to explain observed levels of wealth heterogeneity. In our overlapping generations model, heterogenous agents face uncertain lifetime and leave both accidental and voluntary bequests to their children. Furthermore, agents face stochastic employment opportunities. The model is calibrated with regard to the characteristics of the US economy. Our results indicate that bequests only account for a small proportion of observed wealth heterogeneity. The introduction of an inheritance tax increases both welfare, as measured by the average lifetime utility of a newborn, and equality of the wealth distribution.
JEL classification : D 31; D 91; H 21; C 68; E 21     

Time and Uncertainty in Overlapping Generations Economies

This paper shows the general reversibility of every perfect foresight equilibrium of an overlapping generations economy. It then shows and characterizes the existence of reversible sunspot equilibria in these economies as well, which seems to be at odds with our intuition about the irreversibility of a tree of events. Although the paper establishes also that such reversible stochastic equilibria constitute a negligible subset of all the equilibria of their class, their mere existence may be considered somewhat puzzling for this intuition. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D50, D80, D90.     

Cooperation in an Overlapping Generations Experiment

Recent theoretical work shows that folk theorems can be developed for infinite overlapping generations games. Cooperation in such games can be sustained as a Nash equilibrium. But, of course, there are other equilibria. This paper investigates experimentally whether cooperation actually occurs in a simple overlapping generations game. Subjects both play the game and formulate strategies. Our main finding is that subjects fail to exploit the intertemporal structure of the game. Even when we provided subjects with a recommendation to play the grim trigger strategy, most of the subjects still employed safe history-independent strategies. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72, C92, D90.     

Capital Accumulation in a Stochastic Overlapping Generations Model with Social Security

This paper analyzes the impact of pay-as-you-go financed social security on the stochastic process for the capital stock in a stochastic overlapping generations model. It is shown that the probability distribution of the capital stock in absence of social security dominates that in a pay-as-you-go system in the sense of stochastic dominance. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the sufficient conditions ensuring the existence and uniqueness of stationary equilibria in a pay-as-you-go system are more restrictive than in the model without social security. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C62, H55.     

The Transfer Problem and Intergenerational Allocation in an Overlapping Generations Model

We investigate the transfer problem between two countries in the steady state in a one-sector overlapping generations model and explain how transfers should be shared between the young and old generations of the donor country and allocated across the generations of the recipient country. Except at the golden rule of capital accumulation, the ratios of the burden and distribution of transfers between the young and old generations affect welfare. We obtain the following results. First, the sharing of the transfer burden in the donor country depends on the relative size of two effects, namely, a negative direct effect and a positive indirect effect. If the former exceeds the latter, it is preferable for the donor country to allocate all of the transfer burden to the old generation and vice versa. Second, from the viewpoint of welfare maximization, it is preferable for the recipient country to distribute all of the transfers to the young generation. In contrast to the existing literature, these results suggest that the setting whereby the young generation of the donor country defrays all transfer costs may not be justifiable from the viewpoint of donor welfare maximization.     

A Stochastic Overlapping Generations Economy with Inheritance

An overlapping generations model of an exchange economy with two sources of uncertainty is considered. Individuals have a finite expected life span and uncertain annual income. Conditions concerning birth, death, inheritance and bequests are fully specified. Under such conditions, the existence of a stationary Markovian equilibrium is established in some generality, and several explicitly solvable examples are examined in detail. Received August 6, 2001; revised version received March 12, 2002 Published online: November 11, 2002     

Wealth and sustainable development: the role of David Pearce

Green net national product was thought to be one way of measuring sustainable income. However, David Pearce understood that a better measure of sustainable development was to look at what a generation is leaving in form of capital assets to later generations. In this article, his arguments and insights are highlighted against recent theoretical advances.     

流动表方法在信仰传承性分析中的应用

流动表是行分类和列分类相同的一种特殊形式的列联表。这一特点使得它可以非常方便地用于分析具有社会流动性的研究对象。对信仰的代际流动分析表明个人信仰具有代际传承性,且不同类型的信仰其代际传递能力不同。实证分析验证了流动表方法的可行性,并且进一步指出该方法能广泛应用于所有具有社会流动性的领域。     

Welfare Analysis of a Fiscal Reconstruction Policy in an Overlapping Generations Economy with Public Investment

Constructing an endogenously growing overlapping generations model with public investment, we examine the welfare effects of a fiscal reconstruction policy. In this paper we define a fiscal reconstruction policy as a policy where the government reduces its spending level without changing the tax revenue and allocates the surplus of the revenue to redeem public debt. We show that if government spending is not productive it is possible that a fiscal reconstruction policy improves the utilities of both the current and future generations, while if government spending is productive it can harm the utilities of both generations. Received February 26, 2002; revised version received July 8, 2002 Published online: February 17, 2003     

Equilibrium Determinacy under Monetary and Fiscal Policies in an Overlapping Generations Model

This paper studies the issue of equilibrium determinacy under monetary and fiscal policy feedback rules in an optimizing general equilibrium model with overlapping generations and flexible prices. It is shown that equilibria may be determinate also when monetary and fiscal policies are both 'passive'. In particular, under passive monetary rules, equilibrium uniqueness is more likely to be verified when fiscal policies are less committed to public debt stabilization.