山西古代农业开发与生态变迁

黄土高原是山西古代农业的摇篮，从原始社会到明清时期山西古代农业得以逐渐上规模和大范围的开发，由此而导致森林植被税减、水土流失和自然灾害频繁发生等生态灾难，本文就山西古代农业开发及所造成生态恶化予以揭示，希望能有助于认识和解决当今农业发展与生态环境之间的关系，促进农业的可持续发展。     

“伦理财富思想”与“学理财富思想”——中西古代财富思想分异的历史阐释及启示

中国古代伦理财富思想是建立在封建皇权统治的政治基础上与儒学伦理思想的思想基础上的。西方古代学理财富思想是建立在法制与神权的政治基础上和民主理念与宗教文化的思想基础上的。通过中西方古代伦理财富思想与学理财富思想的比较，我们可以发现中西方古代在思维方式上，特别是在理论思维、逻辑思维、创造性思维上以及人性意识方面有着明显的分异，而这就是中国古代伦理财富思想之所以没有形成较完备理论体系的重要原因。面对这一尴尬，我们必须努力运用现代经济研究方法，不断创新思维，把古代伦理财富思想中的正义与道德价值诉诸于当代中国现实载体中，加快中国古代伦理财富思想的现代转换。     

从山水城市到公园城市——中国城市发展 之路

“公园城市”是生态文明思想在城市建设领域的体现，为中国新时代城市发展指出了方向。“公园城市”理念是继承中国古代城市建设思想，吸取国外城市建设经验，针对新时代社会发展的需求而提出的。山水城市是中国古代城市的主要特征，在近代吸收花园城市等国外城市理论而发展，20世纪90年代钱学森院士提出“山水城市”理念。梳理山水城市的历史流变，认为公园城市与山水城市存在内在关联性，是山水城市在新时代的发展范式。     

中国特色社会主义生态文明思想的理论渊源探析

党的十八大报告正式提出关于建设中国特色社会主义"五位一体"的总布局,标志着中国特色社会主义生态文明思想走向成熟。中国特色社会主义生态文明思想是对马克思生态文明思想的继承和发展,是对中国古代传统生态思想的合理扬弃,是对西方生态伦理理念的必要借鉴,是中国发展过程中的现实诉求,大力推进生态文明建设是践行科学发展观的必然要求。     

我国生态农业的悠久历史

我国是世界上从事农业生产最早的国家之一,在近代农业出现以前,我国农业在世界上一直处于领先地位。积累了丰富的农业生产经验,创造了光辉灿烂的古代农业科学技术和农学理论,形成了我国独特的农林牧结合、精耕细作、合理利用自然资源、培肥地力、保护环境、注意生态平衡的优良传统。这些宝贵的农学遗产,证明我国是生态农业的发源地之一,同时也奠定了我国古代生态农业的理论基础。一、我国古代生态农业的产生和发展生态农业是在有机农业基础上发扬我国农业精华,揉合中外现代科学技术发展起来的,是以生态学和生态经济原理为依据建立起来的,以发展商品生产,达到最佳经济、生态和社会效益为目标的一种农业。恩格斯曾经说过     

蔡志山：“后现代农业”从这里出发

在青岛华外金口综合生态因里一面是绿色、天然、生态、有机的中国农业的明天，而另一面则是农业融资困难、资金回笼缓慢、市场渠道亟需拓展的现状．然而，现实的瓶颈并未让生态因的掌门人蔡志山有所动摇，他的以恢复物种打造可循环生态链的中国“后现代农业”将从这里出发，摸索出一条用时间换空间、用循环经济换食品安全、用企业良心换行业道德的新路。，     

马克思主义的生态文明理论

马克思主义的经典作家在对资本主义批判的基础上,形成并阐述了一系列的生态文明思想。党的十七大报告旗帜鲜明地写入生态文明一词,马克思生态文明经典作家的思想生态文明发展成为中国化马克思主义的重要内容之一。综合梳理马克思主义生态文明理论,文章认为马克思主义生态文明理论主要体现在它的自然本源的生态世界观、以人为本的生态价值观、和谐发展的生态实践观三个维度上。     

山西古代农业开发与生态变迁

黄土高原是山西古代农业的摇篮,从原始社会到明清时期山西古代农业得以逐渐上规模和大范围的开发,由此而导致森林植被税减、水土流失和自然灾害频繁发生等生态灾难,本文就山西古代农业开发及所造成生态恶化予以揭示,希望能有助于认识和解决当今农业发展与生态环境之间的关系,促进农业的可持续发展.     

休闲农业发展:理论阐释、实践例证与路径选择——基于国内大循环的战略背景

在国内大循环战略背景下，休闲农业是释放生态消费内需潜能、实现空间生态资源价值转化的重要路径。探讨我国休闲农业发展的理论阐释、实践例证与路径选择，对于提振国内生态消费需求、推动乡村生态资源价值化，从而加快实现畅通国内大循环的战略目标，具有重要现实意义。马克思主义生态思想对我国休闲农业发展具有理论指导价值，它凸显了坚持以人为本、反思异化消费、打破经济和生态二元对立、理性应用科技、推进农业现代化的理念。基于此，通过三个典型案例展开实践例证，并提炼出休闲农业发展的经验总结。最后，提出加强农村人居环境整治、深化公民生态消费意识、创新生态资源开发模式、强化技术推动作用和完善农业生态补偿体系五种路径。     

中国古代生态思想对当代生态化发展的启示

生态文明是继原始文明、农业文明、工业文明之后的一种崭新的文明形态。建设生态文明最根本的是坚持生态化的发展方向。中国古代生态思想中蕴涵着许多深刻的生态文明的理念和生态化发展的思维。分析其中精华:有"天地人一体"的生态化思维,包括生态价值论、生态和谐论、生态系统论等;有"天地人中和合"的生态化目标,包括人内在的生态化、人外在与周边生存环境一体的生态化;有"与天地参"的生态化行为,包括以人为本"明于天人之分"、"以辅万物之自然而不敢为"、"知和知常知变"的和谐推进方式、"知止知足知生"的创新发展模式等。探讨古代生态化的思维、目标、行为等,取其精华发扬光大,对于丰富生态文明内涵、促进当代生态化发展,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.