越南农村土地流转制度对中国的启示北大核心CSSCISSCI

越南在保持农村土地国有化的前提下,制定了农地终身使用并可继承的政策,开启了农地流转市场化的体制先河,并有效促进了庄园经济的形成和发展。目前,越南基本完成了农村土地流转市场化的制度框架,并在法律与制度层面不断完善与匹配,以适应经济改革的需要。越南农村土地流转市场化的发展历程说明,土地所有权性质不会成为土地流转市场化的制度障碍。中国在探索农村土地流转市场化制度设计的过程中,必须高度重视法律的匹配性,并立足南北农村土地特质差异和农民合作组织发展的现实国情,兼顾制度推广的普适性和特殊性要求,鼓励发展有中国特色的农村土地流转制度。     

越南高校政治理论课教育的现状和特点

越南高校政治理论课教育的革新与发展是与越南革新开放的进程相一致的,表现在既注重理论上的继承性,又突出自身特色;注重吸取中国的经验,同时及时总结越南革新开放事业的理论成果并运用于教学,注重纠正前苏联模式的弊端.     

越南革新开放成就显著

1986年以来，越南人民在越南共产党的领导下，坚持独立自主和社会主义的发展方向，从本国实际情况出发，坚持革新开放，使国家面貌发生了巨大变化。革新开放使越南摆脱了经济、社会危机，国家走上了工业化、现代化建设的道路；革新开放使越南政治、社会稳定，人民生活水平显著提高；革新开放使越南的对外关系得到发展，加快了融入国际经济的步伐。　　对比越南革新开放前后的一系列数字可以很好地说明这一点。越南2000年国内生产总值比1985年增长1．5倍，1986～2000年，国内生产总值年均增长6．3％。15年来，越南几乎所有重要的经济部门都取…     

越南共产党22年革新开放的成就与展望

经过20多年的艰辛探索.越南共产党和人民已经找到了适合本国国情的社会主义道路,初步形成了具有越南特色的革新开放和社会主义理论体系,革新开放取得了丰硕的成果.继续深化改革,贯彻越共十大的路线方针,应对革新开放道路上的种种困难与挑战,是越南共产竞今后面临的重大课题.     

越南如何消除贫困

直到20世纪80年代中期前，越南一直是个贫穷的国家，经济增长裹足不前，社会发展严重滞后。自1986年12月越共六大开始实行革新开放以来，越南经济年均增长率达到7．8％，成为世界上发展最快的国家之一。越南革新开放一个重要的亮点是注重消除贫困，关注民生，实现了经济增长与社会发展均衡并重。     

贸易与金融

越南大力发展三大创汇产业实行革新开放十二年，越南一直是国际社会关注的焦点。越南经济在革新开放中，既经历了许多坎坎坷坷，同时又品尝到了成功的甘甜。９０年代前半期越南经济增长率年均达８％以上。１９９７年受东南亚金融风暴的影响下降到７５％，其中农业增长率...     

世行将继续向越南提供援助

世界银行行长詹姆斯·沃尔芬森日前在河内表示 ,世行将继续支持并援助越南推进革新开放和经济建设事业。沃尔芬森在对越南为期４天的访问中 ,同越南国家银行行长黎德翠签署了世界银行援助越南改造沿海低洼地和发展农村交通两个项目的协定。世行将为这两个项目共提供约１ .３６亿美元的贷款。访问期间 ,越共中央总书记黎可漂、越南国家主席陈德良和政府总理潘文凯等分别会见了沃尔芬森。越南领导人表示希望世行继续援助越南的革新开放和经济建设事业 ,帮助越南改革银行体系、发展中小企业以及制订２００１年至２０１０年的十年经济发展战略。…     

试论农地整理与农村土地使用制度改革

研究目的:分析土地整理对发展现代农业的促进作用,阐明农村土地使用制度对土地整理的影响,提出构建与农村土地使用制度改革相适用的土地整理机制.研究方法:资料文献法、归纳分析法、比较法.研究结果:中国农村土地使用制度不利于农村土地整理的实施.因此,一方面要对现行的农村土地使用制度进行改革,另一方面,构建与农村土地使用制度改革相适用的土地整理机制.研究结论:揭示土地整理和农村土地使用制度之间相互促进、共同发展的关系.     

越南社会主义建设的基本经验简析

越南社会主义建设以马列主义和胡志明思想为指导,以社会主义定向市场经济作为经济前提,坚持有原则的革新,使得越南社会稳定,增强了越南全党全国人民对社会主义发展道路的信心,有效引导越南大力推动社会主义建设事业。     

越南的革新开放令人瞩目

自1986年12月越共召开六大、阮文灵出任总书记以来，越南的革新开放已经历了8个年头。8年多来，越南逐步调整内外政策，全力贯彻以经济建设为中心的基本路线，既坚持社会主义方向，又坚持本新开放，克服了苏联解体、东欧剧变带来的不利影响，保持了国内政治和社会局势的稳定。目前，越南在政治革新和经济革新方面取得了令人瞩目的成果，对外经济关系不断取得新进展。坚持以经济建设为重心的革新路线。1986年越共六大确定了本新路线，明确提出要把党的中心工作转移到经济建设上来，要从政治经济到思想文化，从经济基础到上层建筑进行全面革新…     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.