谈股权投资的纳税差异及调整方法

按照《关于企业股权投资业务若干所得税问题的通知》(以下简称《通知》)的规定,企业进行股权投资取得的投资收益应区分两种情况缴纳所得税:一是投资方从被投资企业取得的股息性质的投资收益,这项持有收益在税法上称之为股权投资所得,当投资方税率高于受资方时,投资方应将这部分持有收益按差额税率补税;二是企业收回、转让或清算处置股权投资的收入减除股权投资成本后的余额,这项处置收益在税法上称之为股权转让所得,要全额并入纳税所得按投资方的法定税率纳税。另外,当企业以非货币资产投资、整体资产转让时,《通知》要求确认资产转让所得或…     

分配和不分配哪个更有利

股权转让所得和股息所得为企业投资中两种不同的收益。股权转让所得即转让股权投资收入减去股权投资成本后的收益;股息所得为从被投资企业获得的已征收企业所得税后的所得。在企业会计制度中,这两种所得都在“投资收益”科目下核算。按照税法规定,股权转让收益应并入企业应纳税所得额,依法缴纳企业所得税。对于股息所得,如果投资方适用税率高于被投资方的,除国家特殊规定外,应该还原为税前收益,然后并入投资企业所得,补缴差额税款。依照会计制度,企业应根据其采用的投资核算方法(成本法和权益法)确认投资收益,并调整账面价值。而税法上对投…     

股权转让的税收筹划

国税函[2004]390号规定:企业在一般的股权买卖中,应按《国家税务总局关于企业股权投资业务若干所得税问题的通知》(国税发〔2000〕118号)有关规定执行;股权转让人应分享的被投资方累计未分配利润或累计盈余公积应确认为股权转让所得,不得确认为股息性质的所得。国税发[2000]118号规定:企业股权投资转让所得应并入企业的应纳税所得,依法缴纳企业所得税;投资企业取得股息性质的投资收益,凡投资企业适用的所得税税率高于被投资企业适用的所得税税率的,除国家税收法规规定的定期减税、免税优惠以外,其取得的投资所得应按规定还原为税前收益后,并…     

股改前后、BH模型及经验证据

股权分置改革后,二级市场股票交易价格成为控制性股权协议转让成交价的重要依据,这与股权分置改革前以每股净资产作为定价基础已有本质区别。本文在评述大股东控制权私有收益计量模型相关文献的基础上,从我国证券市场上市公司股权分置改革对私有收益计量模型产生影响的角度,对大宗股权交易溢价模型(BH模型)进行分析与改进,提出测度控制权私有收益的股权分置改革前模型和股权分置改革后模型。     

关于《股权转让有关所得税的案例分析》一文的几点补充意见

笔者认为,贵刊2005年第8期的《股权转让有关所得税的案例分析》一文中的观点有几处值得探讨。我们知道,在核算长期股权投资采用权益法的情况下,由于股权转让人应分享的被投资方累计未分配利润或累计盈余公积应确认为股权转让所得,不得确认为股息性质的所得。该文的主导观点从税收筹划的角度建议:先分配,后转让,即投资企业在进行股权转让前先由被投资方进行利润分配,以减轻投资企业的所得税支出,从而提高税后净收益。但在以下三个方面的涉税处理上有值得探讨之处。捐赠资产产生股权投资准备不应作为所得税调增调减项目财政部、国家税务总局《…     

刍议股权转让中的财务会计问题

股权转让是企业的股东将其所持有的股权转让给其它的企业和个人。随着股东的变换和企业战略的转变,给企业的会计处理带来很大的变化,主要表现在股权转让收入确认的时间、计价基础以及计价基础的历史成本观和公允价值观的选择。本文就此展开讨论。     

债务重组收益的会计处理及对纳税的影响

我国新颁布实施的《企业会计准则－债务重组》（以下简称新准则）原准则在账务处理方面作了实质性修改，即债务人不再将偿付债务所付代价低于重组债务账面价值的差额计入损益，而直接确诊为资本公积。新准则对债务重组收益的这种会计处理，可以防止企业利用债务重组来粉饰业绩，避免关联方之间利用债务重组交易操纵利润，充分体现了会计核算的稳健性原则。但是，对债务人来说，无论采用哪种债务处理方式，只要偿付债务付出的代价低于重组债务的账面价值，债务人就会因债务重组面最得一定的收益，而且这种收益是客观存在的。债务重组收益是由于债务人清偿债务付出的代价小于所清偿债务的账面价值而产生的，从本质上说，属于交换资产而产生的收益，按现行税法规定应计入企业的应纳税所得，计算并交纳企业所得税。但新准则将债务重组收直接全额确认为资本公积，不符合现行税法的有关规定，将导致国家税收的流失。     

非居民股权转让所得税收问题与税收法定主义和税法解释原则

境外投资者购买和转让中国境内公司股权的交易正日渐频繁,随之而来的中国税收问题变得越来越重要。《外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法》(下文简称《外税法》)及其《实施细则》对在中国境外转让中国股权的收入是否征税没有明确规定,国家税务总局目前对《外税法》有关条款的解释也值得商榷。从税收法定主义和税法解释原则分析,《外税法》第19条中的“其他所得”并未包括非居民股权转让所得,因此,中国政府有必要通过修改法律明确此项纳税义务。     

对企业并购商誉税收问题的认识

商誉的基本特性使得对其价值难以确切计量。因此,一般只有企业并购时,才确认外购商誉。对转让商誉征增值税既不符合课税要素确定的税法原则,也与现行有关企业并购的税法规定矛盾或有失公平。对外购商誉企业所得税的处理应坚持永久保留法,对负商誉企业所得税的处理应与商誉同等对待,也采用永久保留法。     

论中国大陆对非居民企业间接转让股权所得的征税权

随着我国外商投资企业的迅速发展,外资股权转让日益普遍.持有境内企业股份的外方非居民企业,将其相应的股权于境外转让给其他非居民企业的数量亦逐渐增加.在转让股权的过程中,越来越多的非居民企业,基于税收筹划,选择了间接转让的方式.     

中国产业投资基金组织形式探讨

产业投资基金(也称私募股权基金或股权投资企业)已经成为全球资本市场的重要参与者,但在我国尚处于起步阶段.在我国现行法律制度下,产业投资基金可能采取的组织形式分别为公司制、有限合伙制及信托制.本文针对投资者权利、税收地位、激励机制、资金筹集、资本退出、承诺出资制度及监督机制等方而对三种产业投资基金进行了分析比较,认为公司制和有限合伙制提供了较为完备的制度规范和税收优势,应成为未来我国产业投资基金的主要组织形式.     

非居民企业转让境内股权所得税问题研究

本文通过对当前非居民企业转让境内股权现象的分析,并结合现行非居民企业转让境内股权的相关税收政策规定,探讨目前非居民企业股权转让所得税管理的对策。     

基于创业投资资本利得的税收激励政策研究

创业投资收益主要体现在资本利得上,本文应用了Keuschnigg-Nielsen模型证明了创业投资与资本利得课税成反向关系,研究发现对资本利得税课税越重,对创业投资活动就越具有抑制作用.因此不少国家或地区纷纷制定了针对资本利得的税收激励政策,对创业投资的发展起到积极的推动作用.文章最后指出了对我国设计针对创业投资资本利得的税收激励政策的启示.     

Optimal tax-timing and asset allocation when tax rebates on capital losses are limited

This article studies the portfolio problem with realization-based capital gain taxation when limited amounts of losses qualify for tax rebate payments, as is the case under current US tax law. When the tax rate applicable to realized losses exceeds that on realized capital gains, it can be optimal to realize capital gains immediately and pay capital gain taxes to regain the option to use potential future losses against a higher tax rate. This incentive adds an entirely new and as yet unstudied dimension to the portfolio problem. It causes risk averse investors to hold more equity and attain higher welfare levels than is the case when trading under a tax system that seeks to collect the same amount of taxes, but does not allow for tax rebate payments. This is because the benefit to these investors from having their losses subsidized is greater than the suffering from having profits taxed at a higher rate.     

“十四五”时期的个人所得税改革展望

个人所得税在调节收入分配、实现社会公平方面具有重要作用。“十四五”时期的改革部署中明确提出了健全直接税体系,提高直接税比重的要求。因此,“十四五”时期个人所得税改革的重点在于提高个人所得税收入占税收总收入的比重,同时实现税收公平目标。对比近两年国外个人所得税发展趋势,发现我国个人所得税存在收入占比较低、劳动所得税负较重等问题。可以从多方面入手解决问题。一是将资本所得纳入综合所得计税范围,同时推进现代化税收征管,避免税收流失,以提高个人所得税收入占税收总收入的比重。二是通过完善专项附加扣除政策,进一步降低中低收入群体的税收负担,实现税收公平。三是优化高端人才税收优惠政策,提高人力资本积累对高质量发展的贡献。     

A theory of private equity turnarounds

This paper explores the advantage of private equity in fixing turnaround situations. Meaningful corporate value creation may require addressing operational problems, replacing management, or changing the incentive structure. Change may be implemented under either without change of ownership or through a buyout. The paper derives scenarios under which transferring ownership to private equity prior to implementing a turnaround can emerge as an optimal solution, even when current ownership can conceivably implement the same operational changes as private equity. Also considered is the possibility of investment syndication in which the private equity buyer shares the transaction with other private equity firms. Various alternatives are considered for implementing turnarounds; in particular, ones that allow for management replacement and others that are effectively management buyouts.     

Optimal Consumption and Investment with Capital Gains Taxes

This article characterizes optimal dynamic consumption and portfoliodecisions in the presence of capital gains taxes and short-salerestrictions. The optimal decisions are a function of the investor'sage, initial portfolio holdings, and tax basis. Our resultscapture the trade-off between the diversification benefits andtax costs of trading over an investor's lifetime. The incentiveto rediversify the portfolio is inversely related to the sizeof the embedded gain and investor's age. Contrary to standardfinancial advice, the optimal equity holding increases wellinto an investor's lifetime in our model due to the forgivenessof capital gains taxes at death.     

A model for tax advantages of portfolios with many assets

Taxable portfolios present challenges for optimization models with even a limited number of assets. Holding many assets, however, has a distinct tax advantage over holding few assets. In this paper, we develop a model that takes an extreme view of a portfolio as a continuum of assets to gain the broadest possible advantage from holding many assets. We find the optimal strategy for trading in this portfolio in the absence of transaction costs and develop bounding approximations on the optimal value. We compare the results in a simulation study to a portfolio consisting only of a market index and show that the multi-asset portfolio’s tax advantage can lead either to significant consumption or bequest increases.     

股权激励、管理者过度自信与权益资本成本

基于行为金融的视角,从管理者过度自信角度解释了我国股权激励计划实施效果不佳的困惑。实证结果表明,我国实施股权激励计划会在高管过度自信的条件下对上市公司权益资本成本产生影响：股权激励计划的实施提高了上市公司高管过度自信水平;股权激励与高管过度自信的相互作用使得上市公司权益资本成本显著升高。这意味着从管理者过度自信的角度考察股权激励对企业权益资本成本造成的影响,可能会更好地解释股权激励的价值效应。     

CHANGES IN CAPITAL STRUCTURE,NEW EQUITY ISSUES,AND SCALE EFFECTS

This study determines the impact of a new issue of common stock on security holder wealth and the magnitude attributable to transaction costs, tax shield dilution, wealth transfers, and informational content. The empirical results indicate that shareholders of firms announcing new equity issues experience significant, abnormal, negative returns. The per share transaction cost accounts for 22.6 percent of the observed abnormal return. The tax shield dilution effect accounts for 7.8 percent. No evidence of a wealth transfer effect is found. Thus, approximately 70 percent of the abnormal return can be attributed to new unfavorable information that becomes available to the market.