中国城乡劳动力市场一体化研究综述

在城乡劳动力市场一体化问题上,理论界对劳动力市场一体化的含义及其发展的一般规律、我国城乡劳动力市场一体化的特征、我国城乡劳动力市场一体化的进展和进一步促进我国城乡劳动力市场一体化的对策等问题进行了较为深入的研究。研究结果显示,我国城乡劳动力市场一体化水平的提高是劳动力市场制度变迁的结果,城乡劳动力市场一体化水平的进一步提高有赖于建立城乡一体化的劳动力市场制度,然而,对劳动力市场一体化制度变迁的机制、制度变迁的过程等问题,研究有待深化。     

中国劳动力市场一体化与经济开放

本文从理论和经验上分析了中国劳动力市场一体化及经济开放对该进程的影响,表明:两个劳动力市场的均衡工资差距在受到外生冲击后回到均衡水平的能力是衡量我国区域劳动力市场一体化的一个较好标准;经济开放对我国区域劳动力市场一体化的程度具有显著促进作用,其主要机制是减少或消除劳动力迁移过程中的各种障碍性因素、推进我国地区劳动力市场的开放等;我国各区域劳动力市场一体化进程不同,华北、华东、华南区域劳动力市场一体化的程度更高.     

我国劳动力市场发育的经济学分析

劳动力市场是市场经济的重要组成部分，劳动力市场，指的是市场劳动力供求之间在劳动力使用权的转让与购买上所达成的一系列合约的总和。只有当这种以合约或契约为基础的劳动力供求关系成为一中普遍而非单个偶然的经济现象时，才称得上是劳动力市场。劳务市场与劳动力市场是两类不同性质的市场，劳动力供给行为方式的差异性，是由政府及其所在劳动组织对他的保护程度的差别和他支配个人劳动力转让的自由度差别决定的，而劳动力需求行为方式的差异性，则是取决于体制环境和劳动力资源配置机制。经理市场是我国劳动力市场的重要组成部分。如果没有经理市场、或者经理市场发育滞后，就不可能有完善的劳动力市场。     

论我国劳动力市场的两重性

论我国劳动力市场的两重性欧其珍当前经济理论界对我国劳动力市场的性质认识不一致，基本上有两种观点：一种认为我国劳动力市场就是劳动力整体作为商品进行交换的劳动力商品市场；另一种认为劳动力市场就是非商品性的劳动力的流动市场。我认为这两种看法都有其片面性，要...     

浅析我国劳动力市场分割及其内部特征

文章将我国的劳动力市场划分为三个板块 :国有企业劳动力市场、一级市场和二级劳动力市场 ,并着重分析三个市场内人力资源配置效率、报酬及流动性等特征。     

对农村劳动力流动的辩证思考

农村劳动力流动推进了我国城乡经济的发展，但对城乡社会经济的发展也带来了负面影响。为此，政府应制定城乡统一的劳动力市场政策和建立城乡统一的劳动力市场，同时要大力发展乡镇企业，加快小城镇建设。     

国内外学者劳动力市场分割理论研究述评——兼论对研究反福利依赖的启示

劳动力市场分割是劳动经济学前沿领域的重要命题,各国劳动力市场上广泛存在的失业、贫困、歧视、同工不同酬等社会经济现象都使对劳动力市场分割问题的研究具有重要的理论与现实意义。文章主要概括、归纳和总结国内外学者对劳动力市场分割理论研究的进展情况,并简要评价其对研究我国反福利依赖的启示。     

二元经济结构下最低工资的就业效应研究——基于劳动力市场的视角

现阶段我国整体就业形势不容乐观,分析最低工资对就业的影响具有重要的现实意义。通过对我国劳动力市场分割条件下最低工资的就业效应进行实证分析发现,最低工资对竞争性行业劳动力市场（城市二级劳动力市场）就业有显著的正面影响,对行政垄断行业劳动力市场（城市一级劳动力市场）就业的正面影响则很小。因此,根据我国劳动力市场的具体情况,合理设置最低工资标准有利于促进就业。     

我国劳动力市场培育的目标模式定位

借鉴西方市场经济国家劳动力市场的特点与经验,充分考虑我国劳动力市场的特殊性,吸收理论界关于我国劳动力市场培育目标模式的合理内核,我国劳动力市场培育的目标模式应当定位为:建立劳动力资源商品化、劳动力市场机制健全化、劳动力市场主体和中介组织化、劳动力市场管理制度化、劳动关系和谐化的"五化"劳动力市场。     

FDI对我国劳动力市场均衡发展的积极效应

FDI投资规模的扩大缓解了我国劳动力市场供大于求的非均衡状态,同时,FDI通过扩大对熟练劳动力的需求以及对员工的培训和外资企业的技术扩散效应提高了我国的劳动力素质.外资企业市场化、法制化的劳动力资源配置机制和管理手段也对我国的企业起到了积极的示范作用,促进了劳动力的自由流动和劳动力薪酬制度的合理化,健全了我国的劳动力市场制度建设.FDI从这三个方面对我国的劳动力市场均衡发展产生了积极的效应.     

AGGREGATE EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS AND (PARTIAL) LABOUR MARKET REFORMS

European labour markets have undergone several important innovations over the last three decades. Most countries have reformed their labour markets since the mid‐1990s, with the liberalization of fixed‐term contracts and temporary work agencies being the common elements to such reforms. This paper investigates the existence of a change in the dynamic behaviour of the aggregate employment for major European Union countries – France, Germany, Italy and Spain. According to our results, partial labour market reforms have made the response of the aggregate employment to output shocks larger and quite comparable to that found for the UK – the most flexible labour market in Europe since the Thatcher reforms.     

Formal and Informal Labour Markets: Challenges and Policy in the Central and Eastern European New EU Members and Candidate Countries

The paper aims at comparing the formal and informal labour marketsin the Central and Eastern European new EU Member States andcandidate countries of the European Union. First, the currentsituation of the labour market is described, focusing on therecent developments since the breaking up of the East. Thenthe policy design of these labour markets is depicted and itseffects on formal and informal labour markets. The most importantchallenges for employment policy as well as the effects of enlargementon the labour markets are analysed. The paper ends with a shortsummary. (JEL J21, J23, H26, H11, O17, O57)     

Canadian regional labour market evolutions: a long-run restrictions SVAR analysis

Canada's high reliance on commodities can work against its constitutionally mandated goal of regional equity in economic development, while also inhibiting macroeconomic performance and limiting monetary policy effectiveness. Yet, flexible and integrated regional labour markets can help achieve both equity and macroeconomic goals. Therefore, this study examines the dynamics of Canadian provincial labour markets using a long-run restrictions structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model. Labour market fluctuations are decomposed into the parts arising from shocks to labour demand (new jobs), labour supply through migration (new people) and internal labour supply (original residents). The results suggest that demand innovations primarily underlie provincial labour market fluctuations. Despite significant geographic and language barriers that could impede their performance, there also is little overall evidence to suggest that provincial labour markets are more sluggish or less flexible than US state labour markets. Finally, original residents benefit slightly more from increased provincial labour demand compared to findings for US states.     

Labour market implications of EU product market integration

European labour markets are in a state of flux due to the changing market situation induced by international integration. This process affects wage formation through more fierce product market competition and increased mobility of jobs. This development is by some observers taken to enforce labour market flexibility, while for others it signals an erosion of social standards and in turn possibly the welfare society. Since labour is not very mobile in Europe, the effects of international integration on labour markets are mostly indirect via product market integration. We review the channels through which product market integration affects labour markets and perform an empirical analysis of the convergence and interdependencies in wage formation among EU countries. We find that integration is changing labour market structures and inducing wage convergences as well as stronger wage interdependencies, but it is a gradual process. Moreover, the present study does not support the view that international integration will lead to a 'race to the bottom' and rapidly erode domestic labour markets standards, nor that it will relieve politicians of the need to consider labour market reforms to improve labour market performance.     

The disintegrating Canadian labour market? The extent of the market then and now

Abstract.  Analysis of real wages for three occupations in 13 Canadian cities for 1901–50 suggests Canada had a national labour market at least until 1950. However, analysis of real wages for 10 Canadian cities for 1971–2000 yields little evidence favouring integration of Canada's regional labour markets. The apparent lack of labour market integration reflects a weakness of an approach that assumes markets are in equilibrium. Unemployment rates after 1970 suggest that some regional markets may be characterized by excess labour supply. Analysis of relative provincial unemployment rates yields evidence consistent with local labour force adjustment to changing labour market conditions. JEL classification: E24, J61     

Testing for fixity of the labour input under non competitive behaviour in Italian and French manufacturing

The flexibility in labour markets and the degree of competition in output markets are investigated in the context of the Italian and French manufacturing sectors. Conventional wisdom seems to point out that in countries with institutional constraints in the labour market it may not be easier to optimize over labour than over capital. We test whether labour is fixed starting with a measure of labour as total hours worked. As the hypothesis cannot be rejected, we do not proceed to test a further hypothesis, based on the measurement of labour as number of workers. We use a variable cost model supplemented with a markup pricing rule to allow for non competitive market structure. From the results it emerges that the output markets are non competitive. We derive analytically and provide a measurement of both short-run and intermediate-run markups. We also derive a measure of the long-run cost-minimizing level of labour: the ratio of optimal to actual level gives the degree of under- or over-utilization of labour.     

A new career in a new town. Job search methods and regional mobility of unemployed workers

Portuguese Economic Journal - Labour mobility is critical for adjusting imbalance between local labour markets. Yet, labour markets appear still very localized. Existing studies on job search...     

Sex discrimination and competition in product and labour markets

Theoritical explanations for wage discrimination collapse in the long run, because competition should drive discriminations firms out of the market. In product markets with imperfect competition employes with a taste for discrimination might survive, None the less inthis case long-run efffects are also unclear, unless some monopsonistic power in the labour market is involved. Monopsony in the labour market, on the other hand, has received very little attention in the literature. The paper tries to pick up this long negleted issue, looking at the impact of concentration in output markets and local labour markets on wage discrimination by sex in Austria. As limited workers' mobility enables employers to define their own local labour markets,special attention is given to married women, whose geographical mobility is known to be very low.     

Optimal Redistributive Taxation in a Search Equilibrium Model

This paper characterizes optimal non-linear income taxation in an economy with a continuum of unobservable productivity levels and endogenous involuntary unemployment due to frictions in the labour markets. Redistributive taxation distorts labour demand and wages. Compared to their efficient values, gross wages, unemployment, and participation are lower. Average tax rates are increasing. Marginal tax rates are positive, even at the top. Finally, numerical simulations suggest that redistribution is much more important in our setting than in a comparable Mirrlees-type setting.     

Corporate labour share of income and the shadow economy: a cross-country analysis

This article addresses a link between the size of the shadow economy and the corporate labour share of income in the European Union. Fixed individual and time effects models suggest that there is a negative link between these two indicators. The coefficients are statistically significant if we control for other variables related to labour markets, such as unemployment rates or strictness of employment protection (regular contracts). Depending on the exact model specification, our estimates suggest that an increase in the shadow economy by 1% of GDP results in a 0.5–1% decline in the labour share of income in the corporate sector.