关于旅游景区公司上市争论的几个问题

本文论述了在旅游上市公司的几个被混淆的基本概念，澄清了旅游上市公司的“公司上市”，而非国家风景“资源上市”，阐述了旅游开发与资源保护的相互关系，探讨和比较了旅游景区公司的几种经营模式，从而得出了旅游景点公司上市是一项兼顾各方利益利大于弊的制度安排这一结论。     

21世纪甘肃旅游资源开发创新研究

近年来，甘肃旅游资源开发虽取得了长足进步，但差距也是显而易见的。进入21世纪后，甘肃旅游资源开发必须在如下3个方面开拓新视角，探寻新思路，方能在中国人民全面建设小康社会的伟大进程中对区域经济社会发展起到应有的作用：在开发战略上，应主要选择政府主导型战略、旅游精品战略、PPT战略和旅游现代化战略；在开发模式上，应在实施扶贫开发模式、旅游圈层开发模式和景区内涵提升模式等方面取得突破性进展；在产品结构上，应着重从类型、空间、时间和要素等4方面加以优化。     

《旅游资源分类》问题的初步诊断分析

旅游资源分类是开展旅游资源普查、制定旅游发展规划和确定旅游开发项目重点的基础性工作。国家标准GB／T18972-2003《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》（以下简称“国标”）自2003年5月推出以来，各级旅游部门基本上都以此为依据开展工作。就笔者近两年参加评审的甘肃省各市县的几十个旅游规划，对旅游资源的分类与评价无不严格以“国标”为依据。但在应用过程中和笔者研究中，均发现“国标”确定的旅游资源分类结构，在个别地方仍存在不少问题。本文对“国标”中存在的7个概念模糊、3个前后重复、9个类型缺项和3种类型细分，进行了初步诊断分析，提出如下具体意见。     

基于GIS的陕西区域旅游资源群开发潜力研究

旅游资源群是指旅游资源分类体系中某一类旅游资源单体的集群,占据一定的地理空间,是区域旅游资源系统组成的基本单位,它的提出有着深刻的科学内涵.本文在这一概念的指导下,结合陕西旅游资源普查最新数据,利用GIS技术和统计分析方法,从陕西区域空间整体上分析了各大类旅游资源群的空间结构特征,计算了其各自的开发潜力,并从区域间和区域内以及类型等方面对旅游资源群进行了系统的分析和评价.结果表明:陕西省旅游资源群中开发潜力较大的位于西安、咸阳、杨凌和延安四地,因此开发应以西安、成阳和杨凌这三个区域为中心,实现"西-咸一体化"旅游资源的规模化开发,同时开发延安的特色红色旅游资源,开发的重点应放在人文活动以及建筑与设施旅游资源群方面.     

高质量发展视域下青龙满族自治县旅游资源开发的困境与对策研究

民族地区是我国社会经济发展的关键一环，而有效开发旅游资源是推动民族地区持续健康发展的重要途径。文章从河北省秦皇岛市青龙满族自治县旅游资源的实际情况出发，分析了旅游资源开发对于推动乡村振兴和充分挖掘地方民族文化的积极影响，并对当地旅游资源开发过程中面临的财政投入不足、资源保护意识不强、忽视地域特色等困境进行研究，进而提出了转变发展模式、合理开发资源以及打造特色文化产品等对策。     

论农村旅游开发的资源凭借

本文通过对江西安义古村旅游开发和浙江奉化腾头村现代农村旅游开发的比较分析，认为农村旅游开发的资源凭借主要是农事活动、农村聚落、农民生活、农业生态、农业收获物等农村事务要素的综合构成。     

隐性旅游资源显性化的概念和应用

“隐性旅游资源显性化”是指原来不曾被认知为旅游资源的客体而现在被认为是具有开发价值的旅游资源的总过程。文章分析了我国“隐性旅游资源显性化”的类型、特征和支撑“隐性旅游资源显性化”的三大内在动力。提出了“隐性旅游资源显性化”理论在实践中的四个方面的应用价值。     

旅游文创产品开发策划研究——以云南省丽江市为例

<正>文创产品被认为是国家与民族传统文化的现代延伸，文创产品的传播有利于提升本民族传统文化的号召力、影响力和知名度。与一般的文创产品相比，旅游文创产品承载着特定地域的特殊文化。文章对旅游文创产业进行了深入的调查研究，结合云南省丽江市的情况，梳理民族文化资源，对丽江文创产品的开发现状、问题进行分析，探索丽江市旅游文创产品开发对策，理清旅游文创产品的表现形式，总结丽江旅游文创产品设计的三大原则，以期为旅游文创产品开发和旅游文创产业发展提供参考。     

经济欠发达地区旅游开发模式研究

经济基础薄弱、社会文化素质低,决定了经济欠发达地区旅游开发应独辟蹊径。本文通过对经济欠发达旅游开发区特征、瓶颈问题、开发途径的研究,推导出经济欠发达地区旅游开发的一般模式,并提出西部旅游资源开发应遵循的原则。     

上海旅游资源产品化初探

本文主要研究在都市旅游的定位下，上海旅游业如何依托本地旅游资源优势，以“瞄准市场，整合联动．三驾齐驱，持续发展”为方针，进一步优化观光、会展、休闲旅游产品，同时做好“水”、“人”、“节”、“商，，四篇旅游资源产品化的文章。     

社会学框架下的旅游学学科属性定位分析

本文在假设旅游学是一门独立学科这一前提下，借用社会学关于学科属性定位的分析框架，对旅游学的学科属性进行定位分析。从学科的认知维度来看，旅游学是一门“应用”性较强的“软”学科；从学科的组织维度来看，旅游学是一门“分野度”较高而“城市化度”较低的学科。旅游学学科的这些属性的确定。为我们解释旅游学发展现状提供了基本依据。能够使我们明确旅游学的发展阶段、发展方向以及应注意的问题，这对于旅游学学科建设具有重要意义。     

Determinants of success of restaurant crowdfunding

This study explores the determinants of restaurant crowdfunding success, inspired by success determinants found in independent restaurant literature. The results indicate that community orientation, images that show elements of the restaurant concept, and frequent communication with funders are key drivers for success. We conclude that restaurant entrepreneurs who show that their project benefits the community where they operate, provide constant updates that maintain project interest, and are responsive to funders’ comments are more likely to succeed in reward-based crowdfunding.     

Sources of Slavery-Destinations of Slavery

Summary

This study seeks to account for differences between the UK and US in including sites of black slavery as part of their heritage tourism and museum agenda. Both countries were heavily involved in the slave trade and both currently have immigrant communities with an appreciation of their origins. However, and unlike the American situation, it is only recently that Britain has opened the contentious issue of slavery to public gaze. In this regard, attention focuses specifically on the mounting of a pioneering Slave Exhibition at Liverpool's Maritime Museum and, by interviewing its chief curator, various insights are gained as to the potential and pitfalls of such a permanent display of an inglorious past. Further interpretation is added by references to the general literature on heritage tourism, the emerging context of “thanatourism” and the framework of a Force Field model that can usefully accommodate the competing interests of rival stakeholders.     

可持续旅游发展的价值依据比较

本文追溯了可持续旅游发展观在不同学科中的理论渊源,分析了"可持续旅游发展"的不同价值诉求,探讨了基于功利价值、正义价值或良心价值等不同价值基础之上的"可持续旅游发展".环境与发展经济学、旅游社会学、旅游人类学的部分流派的理论范式和研究方法可以为旅游发展提供现实的、可操作的指导,体现了对功利价值的追求.旅游社会学和旅游人类学的主要流派理论密切关注旅游的社会、政治及文化影响,体现了对正义价值的追求.而环境伦理和生态伦理学则更多地考虑了整个生态系统的和谐发展,体现了对良心价值的追求.     

An Examination of the Impact of Sponsorship on Attendees' Recognition of Sponsors

ABSTRACT

Sponsorship is a critical component of the convention and exhibition industry. There are diverse forms of sponsorships in this industry and many sponsors expect more benefits derived from their contributions than those from typical marketing activities, such as advertising and public relations. However, there have been few attempts to examine the impact of sponsorships in the convention and exhibition area. This study evaluated the impact of sponsorship by assessing attendees' recognition of sponsors in relation to different types of sponsorships and number of days attending a show. Results indicated that attendees' recognition level of the sponsors varied depending on the type of sponsorships and the number of days attending a show. In addition, sponsoring companies achieved a much higher recognition level than non-sponsoring companies. Based on the findings of this study, business and marketing implications are also discussed.     

Service failure of intermediary service: impact of ambiguous locus of control

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of ambiguous Locus of Control (LOC) on customers’ evaluations after service failures in the tourism distribution channel between intermediaries (travel agents) and suppliers (hotels). A three (Locus: ambiguity, intermediary, and supplier) × two (Severity: severe versus mild) between-subject design was employed. Findings indicate that customers’ evaluations are more negative of an intermediary (travel agent) than of a supplier (hotel) when customers do not know who is at fault. In addition, when service failure is severe, consumers who do not know who is at fault (perceiving an ambiguous LOC) are more dissatisfied with the service failure than those who know who caused the failure (perceiving a clear LOC). Furthermore, customers who served themselves (self-service; high participation) are more likely to attribute service failure to a supplier than customers who were served by an intermediary (intermediary service; low participation).     

Influence of the measurement of distance on assessment of recreation access

Residents’ recreation behavior is highly influenced by their level of access to recreation opportunities. Distance is an important component of access. The purpose of this study was to measure levels of access to public beaches in the Detroit Metropolitan Area (DMA) using four travel distances (1, 6, 10, and 20 miles) and three access measures (minimum distance, travel cost, and covering), with the intent of demonstrating the sensitivity of findings to both the distance and measure employed. Findings indicate that while public beaches are geographically accessible for a majority of the DMA population within 20 miles according to all access measures, at distances less than 20 miles level of access varies substantially with the access measure used. Future access studies should consider a range of travel distances rather than the single distance typical of most prior analyses and should also be sensitive to the differentials produced by the access measure employed.     

Modelling bimodality of length of tourist stay

Empirically, the length of stay by tourists at their destination usually presents bimodality, overdispersion and non-zero observations, and classical distributions do not seem to fit this type of data very appropriately. In this paper, we introduce two distributions which accommodate bimodality. One is a flexible discrete distribution which can be applied to both bimodal and unimodal data sets. The second distribution is an infinite mixture model that accounts for unobserved heterogeneity in the mean parameter, thus reflecting the heterogeneous preferences of tourists. Both models are suitable for the inclusion of covariates. Our empirical results show that each of these models is suitable and provides a reasonably good fit. Of the two, the infinite mixture model is preferred.     

中国沿海地区旅游绿色发展对生态环境质量的影响分析

推动沿海地区旅游绿色发展，减少旅游业对资源与环境的压力，有利于保护旅游目的地的海洋生态系统，实现旅游与生态协调可持续发展。本研究以2011—2020年中国沿海地区11个省（市、区）面板数据为研究样本，采用空间计量模型估计方法，分析沿海地区旅游绿色发展对生态环境质量的影响。结果表明：（1）中国沿海地区旅游绿色发展水平与生态环境质量持续、稳步提升，且在地理空间上呈现较显著的空间集聚与关联特征；（2）旅游绿色发展对生态环境质量具有明显的正向影响及空间溢出效应，中国沿海地区各省份旅游绿色发展水平每提升1%，本地生态环境质量将上升0.302%，邻近省份将上升0.139%；（3）旅游绿色发展与第三产业、科技支出的交互作用能够有效增强其对生态环境质量的正向影响，但与第二产业、人口数量的交互作用会降低其对生态环境质量的正向影响。为实现中国沿海地区旅游绿色转型发展，应重视海洋第三产业发展及科技水平提升，促进污染排放整体下降，提升生态环境质量。