Climatic Change Impact on Water Resources in a Systems Perspective

Global climate change related to natural and anthropogenic processes has been the topic of concern and interest world wide. Despite ongoing research efforts, the climate predictions cannot be rated any better than speculative or possible scenarios whose probability of occurrence is, at the present stage, impossible to assess. One of the most significant impacts of the greenhouse effect is anticipated to be on water resources, including different elements of the hydrologic cycle, water supply and demand, regional vulnerability, and water quality. Thus, the impact of climate change appears to be an additional component on top of the large number of existing water-related problems.The existence of the greenhouse effect, the increase of greenhouse gas emissions, and the rise of corresponding concentrations are things that are certain. However, their impacts on hydrology and water management are highly uncertain. In the latter area, one needs information on much smaller spatial and temporal scales than those used in climate studies. The objective of the present paper is to analyze the climate change impact on water resources in a system's perspective, to discuss scientific gaps, and challenge scientific issues. The role of different scales and uncertainties, as well as the hydrological view of global circulation models are also discussed. Our preparedness for probable global (climate) change is reviewed in terms of assessment, planning, design and adaptation.     

吉林省水能资源纳入法制化管理相关问题的思考和探讨

《吉林省水能资源条例》已纳入吉林省人大2008年立法计划,5月19日吉林省政府召开第六次常务会议,对《吉林省水能资源条例》进行了审议,并原则通过。吉林省水能资源纳入法制化管理指日可待。     

水资源统一管理的实践和启示

阳宗海为云南省小江西支断裂控制形成的天然淡水湖泊,距昆明市约40km。当湖面控制水位为黄海高程1769.904m时,湖泊面积约为31km~2,最大水深为29m,平均水深约20m,蓄水量约6.17亿m~3;阳宗海的天然补给水源主要为流域内天然降水,年均产水     

Potential of Modern Data Types for Future Water Resources Management

Abstract

Presently a change of paradigm in the field of planning and operation of water management schemes can be observed. The introduction of the principle of sustainable development by the United Nations and the principle of integrated river basin management postulated by the European Union play a major role in this context. Introduction of these new principles requires development of new planning tools, which in turn require a much better data basis than available hitherto. This paper deals with new data types already partly available now, partly to be expected to be developed in the medium-range future. The present data situation is discussed, along with the obvious deficits of conventional data. New data types will not be limited to point measurements, but rather must comprise information covering large areas with a higher resolution in time and space than presently available. Remote sensing data will play a more important role in the future. Furthermore, digital maps, digital elevation models, etc. are also of growing importance and will be processed, together with remote sensing and other data, within Geographical Information Systems of future generations also exposing the potential for working with multi-temporal imagery. In the paper it is shown that in the future more accurate data will be available, not only in terms of data quality, but also resolution in time and space. It is shown how the new types of hydrometeorological data postulate new types of hydrological models. Here, distributed system models are of growing importance. Furthermore, it is shown how the combination of remote sensing with other information leads to new data types that allow integrated planning of water resources systems. The potential of real time data is highlighted, particularly in the context of real time operation of water resources systems, especially for flood control. The potential of large-scale data schemes in the context of regional and continental water management schemes is discussed. Global atmospheric models coupled to hydrological models are discussed, and their potential to consider long-distance effects of certain phenomena (e.g., El Niño) are mentioned. For sustainable development of water resources, the potential of long-term data prediction scenarios is evaluated, and an example of this principle for planning future water supply systems is presented. The paper ends with a vision of future developments in planning water management schemes on the basis of new data types     

塔里木河流域未来的水资源管理

塔里木河干流全长1321km.近100年来,特别是20世纪50年代以来,在河流生态变化过程中,生产力布局缺乏环境效益意识,水资源配置不合理以及效率低下造成的水土资源双重浪费,行政管理缺乏政令畅通的权威性等问题是建立有效的流域水资源管理体制必须认真思考的问题.塔里木河流域未来的水资源管理应建立水权塔河、生态塔河、资源塔河的治水理念.     

发挥甘肃水能资源优势 促进水电事业健康发展

农村水电是农村重要的基础设施.甘肃省农村水电及水电农村电气化县建设经过八五、九五、十五的发展,使省内水能资源优势快速转变为经济优势、生态优势,通过兴建农村水电解决了长期困扰农村发展的缺电问题.特别是近几年来的发展,实现了以电促农、以电兴工、以电扶贫、以电代柴,为农村经济、区域经济发展增添了造血功能,解放和发展了农村社会生产力,极大地促进了偏远山区、民族地区、贫困地区县域经济的发展和社会进步,为建设社会主义新农村和构建和谐社会奠定了能源基础.     

黄河流域水资源治理模式应从控制向良治转变

“治理”是国际社会最近十年发展起来的一种新的管理国家公共事务的思想。从旧的控制到良治,是现代治理追求的目标,其内涵包括扩大公民对公共事务的参与,从只有政府的一个制度实施者转变为包括政府、非政府组织、公民、私营部门、媒体、国际组织在内的多个制度实施者,从黑箱操作到信息公开和信息透明。我国传统意义上的流域治理,基本是一个流域开发和兴利除害的工程概念,和现代治理的概念有很大判别。长期以来我国江河流域水资源的分配,主要采取指令配置、自上而下的控制模式、在水资源日益稀缺的今天,这种治理模式存在严重的体制失效,流域管理呼唤新的治理模式。目前关于流域管理体制改革的探讨已经从政策层面推进到制度层面,水权与水市场的探索也已全面展开。但遗憾的是,流域 讨论大多局限于泛泛的统一管理的思路上。统一管理是一种强化集权控制的思想,虽然已经在实践中发挥了重要作用,但也有其自身的局限性,仍然不能完全回避体制失效的问题。本文借鉴现代治理理念,提出黄河流域的良治框架,特别指出流域治理模式转变的关键是水公共部门的转型,水管理体制的改革归根结底是水公共机构职能的转变。     

Water Resources Management: A New Policy for a Sustainable Future

To manage water more effectively, a new approach is necessary, incorporating a balanced set of policies and in stitutional reforms. Its core is the adoption of a comprehensive framework for water management that recognizes the interactions among the elements of a river basin's ecosystem and incorporates cross-sectional and environmental considerations in the design of investments and policies. The new approach also calls for water to be treated as an economic good, for decentralized management and delivery stru ctures, greater reliance on pricing, and fuller participation by stakeholders.     

水井转换经营机制实践与思考

对盐湖区四乡镇的转制实践进行了分析总结，比较了各种改制方案，认为推行股份制办水和租赁经营是水井转换经营机制的方向。     

水资源管理与水环境管理

１水资源管理与水环境管理处在不同决策层次水资源管理要从掌握水的自然属性和商品属性规律出发提高资源利用率,实现社会、经济、环境效益最大化和水资源的可持续利用．所谓水的自然属性,可概括为“三流”和生态效应．“三流”为：（１）流量,指水量大小和时空分布;（２）流态,指流速、流势和水位;（３）流质,指污染物、营养盐、泥沙浓度与盐度．生态效应：指水资源时空变化带来的生态系统和构成变化．“水多水少”的传统水患,与“水浑水脏”的新问题,以及“某些流域水资源开发利用率过大”、“某个水利工程的不利生态影响”都是不…     

水资源管理与水利资产管理

水资源管理是自然资源管理，属于总体规划，合理配置的管理；水利资产管理是在整体规划的基础上，开发利用形成资产的管理。要根据我国水资源的开发利用状况和水利资产的具体情况进行管理。     

广东省水资源供需展望

根据广东国民经济和社会发展趋势，对水资源供需情况进行了分析，认为只要优化水资源配置，理顺水资源管理模式，并用经济杠杆促进节水，提高全民的水忧患意识，广东水资源的供需平衡是可以实现的。     

中国水资源的现状与未来

根据中国水资源总量丰富,相对量较少,时空、地域分布不均衡的情况,水污染态势难以遏制,水资源浪费普遍存在,水资源管理体制尚未纳入市场管理轨道等问题,从农业、工业、生活用水方面预测未来50年我国水资源需求矛盾仍然十分突出,提出21世纪我国水资源必须建立有权威的中央统一管理和以市场经济为核心的管理体制,全面落实节水方针,开展中国水资源"生态-经济学"研究.     

适应水资源管理体制改革加强水资源统一管理--兼谈流域管理与行政区域管理的结合

开栏语2002年10月1日,修订后的新《水法》正式开始实施,标志着我国依法治水管水进入了一个新的发展阶段。贯彻落实新《水法》的关键,就是要依法加强制度建设,建立流域管理与区域管理相结合的管理体制,充分发挥流域机构和行政区域的积极作用。鉴于我国水资源管理的历史和现状,建立符合新时期治水思路要求、确保水资源可持续利用的高效的水资源管理体制,尚需进行深入的研究和探索。为此,本刊与水利部政策法规司联合推出“流域管理与区域管理”专题,该专题由长江水利委员会、海河水利委员会、太湖流域管理局、淮河水利委员会沂沭泗水利管理局协办。欢迎关注关心这项工作的有关领导、专家和水利工作者参与探讨,踊跃投稿。     

培育和发展水市场 促进水资源优化配置

２０００年１１月２４日,浙江省东阳市和义乌市签订了有偿转让横锦水库部分用水权的协议;２００１年６月,漳河成功实现跨省有偿调水,在利用市场机制配置水资源方面进行了可喜的尝试,引起了广泛的社会反响．随着中国市场化改革进程的加快和水资源日益短缺,应该培育和发展水市场、建立水权制度,促进水资源优化配置、提高水资源利用效率．１培育和发展水市场、建立水权交易机制是实现水资源优化配置的重要途径１．１培育和发展水市场有利于水资源优化配置水权包括水资源的所有权和使用权及相关权利．根据中国《宪法》和《水法》规定,水…     

Management of Water Resources

Abstract

Recent reforms in water resources management in the Murray-Darling Basin are discussed from the perspective of water allocation, water rights, irrigation, and the environment, with particular reference to differences between details in the states of Victoria and New South Wales. A similar review of water resources management is made for Vietnam with some further discussion of the new water law of 1998. Contextual differences are discussed and the opportunities for Vietnam to make use of Australian experience are briefly analysed.     

对水资源管理的几点认识

进入21世纪，对水资源管理的工作思路要在“实现工程水利向资源水利转变”的基础上实现第二次转变，即“从自然资源向经济资源转变”，将对水资源的认识提高到“战略性经济资源”的地位来认识，对水资源的管理要强调两只手管理，即：看得见的政府的手与看不见的市场之手相结合。在对水资源进行统一规划，管理的基础上，深入研究水市场基础理论，培育水市场主体，发挥价格的杠杆作用，确定水权分配的原则，实现市场对水资源配置的基础作用，对水权分配与流转，借鉴其他资源市场建立的经验，进行两级市场模式探析。     

Water Resources Management and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in Cameroon

Cameroon is blessed with abundant water resources. Rapid population increase, unplanned urbanisation, intensive industrial and socio-economic development have led to poor and unsustainable management of these resources. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is a promising approach in ensuring sustainable management of Cameroon’s water resources. It entails management of water for various purposes and not for a single purpose which therefore involves different stake holders aiming at achieving sustainable water resources management. This paper seeks to evaluate recent efforts to implement in IWRM in Cameroon by examining the institutional framework for IWRM in Cameroon, conditions for the implementation of IWRM and proposes reforms for improving IWRM in Cameroon. The paper concludes that reforms such as public participation at local council levels, recognition of water as both an economic and a social good, putting IWRM within the larger context of Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) and the exploitation of mathematical models within hydrological basins will improve IWRM in Cameroon.