Climatic Change Impact on Water Resources in a Systems Perspective

Global climate change related to natural and anthropogenic processes has been the topic of concern and interest world wide. Despite ongoing research efforts, the climate predictions cannot be rated any better than speculative or possible scenarios whose probability of occurrence is, at the present stage, impossible to assess. One of the most significant impacts of the greenhouse effect is anticipated to be on water resources, including different elements of the hydrologic cycle, water supply and demand, regional vulnerability, and water quality. Thus, the impact of climate change appears to be an additional component on top of the large number of existing water-related problems.The existence of the greenhouse effect, the increase of greenhouse gas emissions, and the rise of corresponding concentrations are things that are certain. However, their impacts on hydrology and water management are highly uncertain. In the latter area, one needs information on much smaller spatial and temporal scales than those used in climate studies. The objective of the present paper is to analyze the climate change impact on water resources in a system's perspective, to discuss scientific gaps, and challenge scientific issues. The role of different scales and uncertainties, as well as the hydrological view of global circulation models are also discussed. Our preparedness for probable global (climate) change is reviewed in terms of assessment, planning, design and adaptation.     

吉林省水能资源纳入法制化管理相关问题的思考和探讨

《吉林省水能资源条例》已纳入吉林省人大2008年立法计划,5月19日吉林省政府召开第六次常务会议,对《吉林省水能资源条例》进行了审议,并原则通过。吉林省水能资源纳入法制化管理指日可待。     

水资源统一管理的实践和启示

阳宗海为云南省小江西支断裂控制形成的天然淡水湖泊,距昆明市约40km。当湖面控制水位为黄海高程1769.904m时,湖泊面积约为31km~2,最大水深为29m,平均水深约20m,蓄水量约6.17亿m~3;阳宗海的天然补给水源主要为流域内天然降水,年均产水     

Potential of Modern Data Types for Future Water Resources Management

Abstract

Presently a change of paradigm in the field of planning and operation of water management schemes can be observed. The introduction of the principle of sustainable development by the United Nations and the principle of integrated river basin management postulated by the European Union play a major role in this context. Introduction of these new principles requires development of new planning tools, which in turn require a much better data basis than available hitherto. This paper deals with new data types already partly available now, partly to be expected to be developed in the medium-range future. The present data situation is discussed, along with the obvious deficits of conventional data. New data types will not be limited to point measurements, but rather must comprise information covering large areas with a higher resolution in time and space than presently available. Remote sensing data will play a more important role in the future. Furthermore, digital maps, digital elevation models, etc. are also of growing importance and will be processed, together with remote sensing and other data, within Geographical Information Systems of future generations also exposing the potential for working with multi-temporal imagery. In the paper it is shown that in the future more accurate data will be available, not only in terms of data quality, but also resolution in time and space. It is shown how the new types of hydrometeorological data postulate new types of hydrological models. Here, distributed system models are of growing importance. Furthermore, it is shown how the combination of remote sensing with other information leads to new data types that allow integrated planning of water resources systems. The potential of real time data is highlighted, particularly in the context of real time operation of water resources systems, especially for flood control. The potential of large-scale data schemes in the context of regional and continental water management schemes is discussed. Global atmospheric models coupled to hydrological models are discussed, and their potential to consider long-distance effects of certain phenomena (e.g., El Niño) are mentioned. For sustainable development of water resources, the potential of long-term data prediction scenarios is evaluated, and an example of this principle for planning future water supply systems is presented. The paper ends with a vision of future developments in planning water management schemes on the basis of new data types     

塔里木河流域未来的水资源管理

塔里木河干流全长1321km.近100年来,特别是20世纪50年代以来,在河流生态变化过程中,生产力布局缺乏环境效益意识,水资源配置不合理以及效率低下造成的水土资源双重浪费,行政管理缺乏政令畅通的权威性等问题是建立有效的流域水资源管理体制必须认真思考的问题.塔里木河流域未来的水资源管理应建立水权塔河、生态塔河、资源塔河的治水理念.     

发挥甘肃水能资源优势 促进水电事业健康发展

农村水电是农村重要的基础设施.甘肃省农村水电及水电农村电气化县建设经过"八五"、"九五"、"十五"的发展,使省内水能资源优势快速转变为经济优势、生态优势,通过兴建农村水电解决了长期困扰农村发展的缺电问题.特别是近几年来的发展,实现了以电促农、以电兴工、以电扶贫、以电代柴,为农村经济、区域经济发展增添了造血功能,解放和发展了农村社会生产力,极大地促进了偏远山区、民族地区、贫困地区县域经济的发展和社会进步,为建设社会主义新农村和构建和谐社会奠定了能源基础.     

黄河流域水资源治理模式应从控制向良治转变

“治理”是国际社会最近十年发展起来的一种新的管理国家公共事务的思想。从旧的控制到良治，是现代治理追求的目标，其内涵包括扩大公民对公共事务的参与，从只有政府的一个制度实施者转变为包括政府、非政府组织、公民、私营部门、媒体、国际组织在内的多个制度实施者，从黑箱操作到信息公开和信息透明。我国传统意义上的流域治理，基本是一个流域开发和兴利除害的工程概念，和现代治理的概念有很大判别。长期以来我国江河流域水资源的分配，主要采取指令配置、自上而下的控制模式、在水资源日益稀缺的今天，这种治理模式存在严重的体制失效，流域管理呼唤新的治理模式。目前关于流域管理体制改革的探讨已经从政策层面推进到制度层面，水权与水市场的探索也已全面展开。但遗憾的是，流域 讨论大多局限于泛泛的统一管理的思路上。统一管理是一种强化集权控制的思想，虽然已经在实践中发挥了重要作用，但也有其自身的局限性，仍然不能完全回避体制失效的问题。本文借鉴现代治理理念，提出黄河流域的良治框架，特别指出流域治理模式转变的关键是水公共部门的转型，水管理体制的改革归根结底是水公共机构职能的转变。     

Water Resources Management: A New Policy for a Sustainable Future

To manage water more effectively, a new approach is necessary, incorporating a balanced set of policies and in stitutional reforms. Its core is the adoption of a comprehensive framework for water management that recognizes the interactions among the elements of a river basin's ecosystem and incorporates cross-sectional and environmental considerations in the design of investments and policies. The new approach also calls for water to be treated as an economic good, for decentralized management and delivery stru ctures, greater reliance on pricing, and fuller participation by stakeholders.     

水井转换经营机制实践与思考

对盐湖区四乡镇的转制实践进行了分析总结，比较了各种改制方案，认为推行股份制办水和租赁经营是水井转换经营机制的方向。     

Decision Support for Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation in Water Resources Management

Climate change adaptation (CCA) has recently emerged as a new fundamental dimension to be considered in the planning and management of water resources. Because of the need to consider the already perceived changes in climate trends, variability and extremes, and their interactions with evolving social and ecological systems, water management is now facing new challenges. The research community is expected to contribute with innovative methods and tools to support to decision- and policy-makers. Decision Support Systems (DSSs), have a relatively long history in the water management sector. They are usually developed upon pre-existing hydrologic simulation models, providing interfaces for facilitated use beyond the limited group of model developers, and specific routines for decision making (e.g. optimization methods). In recent years, the traditional focus of DSS research has shifted away from the software component, towards the process of structuring problems and aiding decisions, thus including in particular robust methods for stakeholders’ participation. The paper analyses the scientific literature, identifies the main open issues, and proposes an innovative operational approach for the implementation of participatory planning and decision-making processes for CCA in the water domain.     

对珠江流域水资源管理体制及机制的思考

珠江流域水资源总量丰富,但时空分布不均,伴随着区域经济协作产业向中西部、流域上中游的加速转移,珠江流域将面临高污染风险期.根据珠江流域水系特色,选择适当的流域管理体制模式,通过立法、市场、公众参与等多种手段,建立适应水资源流域特性和多功能统一性的流域管理机制,使有限的水资源实现优化配置和发挥最大的综合效益,保障和促进社会经济的可持续发展.     

水资源管理与水利资产管理

水资源管理是自然资源管理，属于总体规划，合理配置的管理；水利资产管理是在整体规划的基础上，开发利用形成资产的管理。要根据我国水资源的开发利用状况和水利资产的具体情况进行管理。     

水资源管理与水环境管理

１水资源管理与水环境管理处在不同决策层次水资源管理要从掌握水的自然属性和商品属性规律出发提高资源利用率，实现社会、经济、环境效益最大化和水资源的可持续利用．所谓水的自然属性，可概括为“三流”和生态效应．“三流”为：（１）流量，指水量大小和时空分布；（２）流态，指流速、流势和水位；（３）流质，指污染物、营养盐、泥沙浓度与盐度．生态效应：指水资源时空变化带来的生态系统和构成变化．“水多水少”的传统水患，与“水浑水脏”的新问题，以及“某些流域水资源开发利用率过大”、“某个水利工程的不利生态影响”都是不…     

广东省水资源供需展望

根据广东国民经济和社会发展趋势，对水资源供需情况进行了分析，认为只要优化水资源配置，理顺水资源管理模式，并用经济杠杆促进节水，提高全民的水忧患意识，广东水资源的供需平衡是可以实现的。     

中国水资源的现状与未来——21世纪水资源管理战略

根据中国水资源总量丰富 ,相对量较少 ,时空、地域分布不均衡的情况 ,水污染态势难以遏制 ,水资源浪费普遍存在 ,水资源管理体制尚未纳入市场管理轨道等问题 ,从农业、工业、生活用水方面预测未来 5 0年我国水资源需求矛盾仍然十分突出 ,提出 2 1世纪我国水资源必须建立有权威的中央统一管理和以市场经济为核心的管理体制 ,全面落实节水方针 ,开展中国水资源“生态 -经济学”研究。     

中国水资源的现状与未来

根据中国水资源总量丰富,相对量较少,时空、地域分布不均衡的情况,水污染态势难以遏制,水资源浪费普遍存在,水资源管理体制尚未纳入市场管理轨道等问题,从农业、工业、生活用水方面预测未来50年我国水资源需求矛盾仍然十分突出,提出21世纪我国水资源必须建立有权威的中央统一管理和以市场经济为核心的管理体制,全面落实节水方针,开展中国水资源"生态-经济学"研究.     

对水资源管理的几点认识

进入21世纪，对水资源管理的工作思路要在“实现工程水利向资源水利转变”的基础上实现第二次转变，即“从自然资源向经济资源转变”，将对水资源的认识提高到“战略性经济资源”的地位来认识，对水资源的管理要强调两只手管理，即：看得见的政府的手与看不见的市场之手相结合。在对水资源进行统一规划，管理的基础上，深入研究水市场基础理论，培育水市场主体，发挥价格的杠杆作用，确定水权分配的原则，实现市场对水资源配置的基础作用，对水权分配与流转，借鉴其他资源市场建立的经验，进行两级市场模式探析。     

广东省水资源管理机制改革初探

对广东省水资源开发利用存在的问题及其原因进行分析,并阐述了利用《新水法》颁布契机,改革水资源管理机制以期解决问题的思路。