金融危机背景下银行授信风险控制策略思考

金融风暴不但通过实体经济对授信业务产生压力,更藉行业的传递等途径对授信体系、授信管理进行干预。在全球性金融风暴的影响下,中国银行业授信风险日益增加,授信体系不完善性亦日益凸显。为进一步控制授信风险,建议银行构建授信风险预警系统、改进授信风险控制手段、优化授信运作机制,并对个人授信及企业授信重新进行策略改进,健全有效的授信风险控制策略。     

每月观察

[综合]银监会列出五大风险行业银监会最近将电力、交通、公共事业、学校、医院列为“新五大风险行业”。中国银行提供的资料显示,上半年对房地产、钢铁等五大行业授信余额仅比年初增加48亿元,电力、交通运输、电子、石化等行业新增授信却高达758亿元。银监会在年中总结时认为,“银行资金逐渐高度集中于新五大行业,商业银行之间又出现了     

商业银行集团客户授信风险管理研究

银行集团客户巨额贷款损失案件频发，对银行安全运营造成了严重威胁。本文对银行集团客户授信风险特点和存在问题进行了深入分析，并借鉴国外先进管理经验，提出了改进银行集团客户授信风险防控的建议。     

论银行授信业务中财务报表分析的应用

商业银行在进行授信决策吋,最基本的支撑是财务报表分析。本文通过分析银行授信业务中财务报表分析存在的问题,提出相应对策,以期进一步完善银行授信业务,提升善业银行抗风险能力。     

商业银行集团客户风险识别与防范

集团客户授信日益成为触发商业银银行风险的主要因素,进而威胁区域金融生态和经济社会的稳定.本文从银行、 企业、地方政府三个角度分析风险成因,指出经营管理以及监管存在的主要短板,提出了完善授信风险防控机制的对策建议.     

基于COSO框架的我国商业银行授信风险内部控制体系研究

商业银行是以赢利为目的的企业组织。授信风险内部控制体系不健全或失灵所带来的大额授信资产损失对银行的冲击和破坏是巨大的,有时甚至是毁灭性的,并影响到整个金融体系乃至经济体系的正常运行。文章在巴塞尔委员会关于银行内部控制基本原则的基础上,分析了我国商业银行授信风险内部控制体系的发展轨迹以及当前存在的问题和不足,并从内部控制应遵循的五大要素入手,对如何完善我国商业银行授信风险内部控制体系进行了探讨。     

授信风险限额的人工神经网络模型检验

本文利用人工神经网络模型检验银行的授信风险限额,借以总结既有授信限额数据中的内含规律,以便银行提高授信工作水平,降低经营风险。文中同时给出了线性经济计量模型的检验结果。通过两种模型检验结果的比较,得出了若干富有启发性的结论。     

商业银行房地产授信业务的内部审计思考

随着“房住不炒”作为金融机构房地产行业金融监管的主基调,政策上更强调促进房地产市场平稳发展和提高金融体系稳健性,商业银行内部审计必须顺应形势要求,以独立、专业的视角检视房地产授信业务,保障银行房地产授信业务的信贷资产安全与合法合规。本文通过了解近两年房地产授信业务处罚情况,分析了处罚事由所体现的主要信用风险和合规风险并提出相应的管控措施,最后得出商业银行内部审计对房地产授信业务开展内部审计的重点与手段,以促进商业银行的房地产授信业务健康合规发展。     

商业银行授信审查委员会低参与效率的成因与治理

当前,授信审查委员会制度是我国商业银行信用风险管理的一个重要内容,然而,这种集体进行授信决策的机制,实际上却导致了授信风险无人负责的局面。本文在解释授信审查委员会"低参与效率"成因的基础上,得出通过强化激励约束机制、建立授信审查委员专家库等方式,解决授信审查委员会成员"不敢说"、"不愿说"、"说不准"等问题、提高授信审查委员会在商业银行内控治理的作用,从而实现对银行授信风险的有效控制。     

商业银行过度授信的负效应及防范对策

额度授信是商业银行对一个企业业务总量的控制。授信不足会影响企业资金周转,影响企业发展;过度授信会增加企业财务成本,甚至危及企业生存发展。建议政府积极搭建银企合作平台,引导银行和企业双方按照实际需要和风险承受能力开展融资活动,完善个人征信与信贷管理信息系统联网共享,防止金融机构无序竞争与过度授信;银行应坚持授信有度的原则,既要掌握企业实质性承贷能力,也要把握企业实际性授信需求;企业应争取合理的资金支持,而不要过度的额度授信。     

基于KMV模型的纺织业上市公司信用风险研究

论文以KMV模型作为度量信用风险的基本模型,验证了KMV模型适用性,分析了次贷危机对纺织业上市公司信用风险的影响。研究发现KMV模型适用于我国纺织业上市公司的信用风险衡量,次贷危机对上市公司信用风险产生了显著的影响。     

What drives credit risk in the Indian banking industry? An empirical investigation

Using a two-step system GMM approach on a unique bank-level dataset for the period 1998/99–2013/14, this paper tries to explore the key determinants of credit risk in the Indian banking industry. The main premise of this paper is that, along with regulatory and institutional factors, both macroeconomic and bank-specific variables influence the formation of credit risk in a banking system, and their influences vary across ownership groups. The empirical findings suggest that lower profitability, more diversification in the banking business, the large size of banks and a higher concentration of banks in lending increase the probability of defaults in India. We find a significant degree of persistence in credit risk, and the observed persistence is higher in the gross non-performing loans (NPLs) specification relative to what has been observed in the net NPLs specification. In the case of public sector banks, NPLs are more sensitive to internal bank-specific factors, while for private and foreign banks, macroeconomic and industry-related factors play a significant role in determining credit risk. Our results are robust for different panel data estimation models and sub-samples of ownership groups. The findings of this paper provide important insights into the formation of default risk in the banking system of an emerging market economy.     

中小企业信用担保体系建设现状、问题与建议——以河北省为例

信用担保是破解中小企业融资瓶颈的重要途径本文分析了河北省中小企业信用担保体系建设的现状及存在的问题,并结合实际从建立健全法规政策、发展民营担保、建立风险补偿机制、加大税收政策扶持、搞好商业银行协作、强化行业内协作和自律、推进信息化建设、健全担保人才培养机制等方面,提出了进一步发展河北省中小企业信用担保体系的政策性建议。     

Does lending behaviour of banks in emerging economies vary by ownership? Evidence from the Indian banking sector

While much has been discussed about the relationship between ownership and financial performance of banks in emerging markets, literature about cross-ownership differences in credit market behaviour of banks in emerging economies is sparse. Using a portfolio choice model and bank-level data from India for 9 years (1995–96 to 2003–04), we examine banks’ behaviour in the context of credit markets of an emerging market economy. Our results indicate that, in India, the data for the domestic banks fit well the aforementioned portfolio-choice model, especially for private banks, but the model cannot explain the behaviour of foreign banks. In general, allocation of assets between risk-free government securities and risky credit is affected by past allocation patterns, stock exchange listing (for private banks), risk averseness of banks, regulations regarding treatment of NPA, and ability of banks to recover doubtful credit. It is also evident that banks deal with changing levels of systematic risk by altering the ratio of securitized to non-securitized credit.     

苏州中小民营企业融资问题研究

本文首先分析了苏州民营中小企业融资难的原因,其中主要原因是融资渠道单一,根本原因是信用障碍。针对原因,本文提出要根本性的解决民营中小企业融资难的问题必须要完善民营企业的公司治理,建立规范的治理结构,培育良好的信用环境。最后提出了具体解决融资难的的措施,主要有拓宽融资渠道、推动直接融资,规范非正规金融,引进风险资本,构建适宜的担保结构。     

信息不对称理论下中小企业信用担保风险分析

信用担保是国际公认的高风险行业,信用担保市场上的信息不对称是信用担保风险客观存在且居高不下的主要原因。本文从信息不对称理论的视角,分析了中小企业信用担保风险的表现形式,并提出了解决信用担保过程中信息不对称问题的对策。     

银行不良贷款违约损失率结构特征研究

本文对中国银行业面临的信用风险违约损失率(LGD)展开研究,以温州某商业银行不良贷款数据为样本,通过描述性统计,对LGD的结构特征:信用风险暴露规模特征、期限特征、地域特征以及担保特征等进行了详细分析。结果表明LGD与风险暴露规模呈负相关,LGD与贷款期限呈正相关,不同地域、不同担保方式的违约贷款其LGD差异性显著。以上这些结论可为商业银行信用风险管理、信贷投放导向以及信用风险监管提供现实帮助。     

The great rotation in global credit risks

• ? The pattern of global credit risks looks very different today than in 2007. Risks are now mostly centred in China and emerging markets. “Excess” private debt in China is as high as $3 trillion compared with $1.7 trillion in the US a decade ago. Yet some pockets of significant risk still exist in advanced economies, which not only implies vulnerability to rising interest rates, but also that the scope for rate rises may be limited.
• ? With policy normalisation underway in the US and the scaling back of asset purchases expected to start soon in the Eurozone, we focus on assessing vulnerabilities across global credit markets. This article explores the topic using a top‐down, cross‐country approach. We find that although private debt and debt service ratios look more benign in advanced economies than a decade ago, they have deteriorated markedly in many emerging markets in recent years.
• ? Based on a measure of excess private debt – comparing private credit‐to‐GDP ratios with their trend – China, Hong Kong and Canada are the riskiest. When comparing debt service ratios relative to their long‐term averages, risks are also mainly concentrated in emerging countries. But Canada, Australia and some smaller European countries also have high debt service ratios that have failed to drop since 2007, despite the slump in global interest rates.
• ? Overall, aggregate private debt indicators look less worrying than in 2007. We would also argue that the concentration of excess private debt levels in China reduces the risk of a sudden financial crisis based on massive credit losses, such as the one in 2007–2010. But with corporate debt levels in the US, Canada and some other G7 countries above their long‐term trend, investors need to be attentive to these considerable pockets of risk.

     

信用卡运作体系的特征分析和风险研究

信用卡产业是今年消费者金融市场的热点。本文首先总结了信用卡运作的体系结构。然后,分析了信用卡运作体系 的网络外延性等特征以及三项主要原则。本文重点阐述了该体系的风险,因为发卡行是该体系风险的主要承担者,所以主要讨 论发卡行的收益和成本。最后提出我国信用卡市场发展的金融条件。     

基于省域视角的信用风险模型适应性分析

巴塞尔新资本协议在鼓励银行采用内部评级法评估信用风险以提取资本准备的同时也强化了各国监管机构对内部评级模型绩效检验与审查的要求.CreditMetrics和CreditRisk+是银行业信用风险评估的基准模型.从建模的数学方法看,CreditRisk+是基于违约的判断,而CreditMetrics则是根据等级变化评价.利用江苏省银监局的相关统计数据对信用风险评估模型进行参数特性审查与绩效检验,结果显示这两类常用模型都可以在江苏的商业银行经营实践中稳定地实现根据信贷组合的实际风险状况进行内部资本配置这一目标.