合资企业董事会结构与企业绩效关系

结合代理理论、解决冲突理论和资源依赖理论三个视角,本文首先分析不同类型董事对合资企业的作用,进而提出董事会规模和董事会独立性对合资企业的绩效可能存在积极影响。然后以38家中外合资企业为样本进行问卷调查,实证分析发现董事会规模对企业绩效有积极影响。结论为跨国合资企业董事会的研究提供了初步性的理论和实证探索。     

合资企业建立动机、管控机制与母公司资源贡献

关于合资企业的研究主要集中在合资企业建立动机、合资企业合作伙伴选择、合资企业管理控制以及合资企业绩效四个方面。其中合资企业的管理控制与绩效的关系又是核心的两个问题。但很少有学者从一个整体的角度来看待这四个问题以及它们之间的关系。本文研究了合资企业建立动机与合资企业管理控制的关系，并引入母公司资源贡献作为其中介影响来研究...     

跨国公司如何控制合资企业

跨国公司通过向合资企业移植其管理思想、管理文化、管理制度和管理程序,一方面直接影响合资企业管理制度和管理程序的制定和管理方法的运用,使合资企业的经营管理与跨国公司的管理体系兼容;另一方面,通过间接的方式影响和调节合资企业经理人员和员工的思想与行为,使合资企业的经理人员和员工认同和接受跨国公司的管理制度、经营战略与策略,从而将合资企业的管理与跨国公司的管理对接,实现对合资企业管理的控制.     

人-组织匹配与员工个体绩效关系的实证研究

以澳门安保行业为样本,实证检验了人-组织匹配与员工个体绩效之间的关系,研究结果表明：人-组织匹配对员工个体绩效具有显著的正向影响,价值观匹配、需求-供给匹配和要求能力匹配对关联绩效具有显著的正向影响,要求-能力匹配对任务绩效有显著影响;人-组织匹配及其各个维度均对组织承诺及其各个维度具有显著的正向影响;组织承诺在人-组织匹配与员工个体绩效之间起到部分中介作用;组织承诺对员工个体绩效具有显著的正向影响,情感承诺对关联绩效和任务绩效均有显著的正向影响;心理资本越高,组织承诺对员工个体绩效的影响越小,反之,影响越大。     

国际合资企业的共生模型及其稳定性分析

为发掘国际合资企业稳定性的内在机制,提高国际合资企业绩效,利用共生理论和微分稳定性理论,在构建国际合资企业共生系统的基础上,划分了国际合资企业的两种类型,并分别建立了共生模型,对其稳定性问题进行了分析,最后运用共生模型对现实生活中的国际合资企业稳定问题进行了解释。     

环境战略、经营战略与企业绩效——基于战略匹配视角的分析

企业环境战略与经营战略具有内在相关性,剥离了企业经营战略单独研究企业环境战略与环境绩效和经营绩效的关系必然会带来偏差。本文应用战略匹配中的组合背离模式,以医药行业企业为研究样本,研究了企业环境战略与经营战略的匹配对企业环境绩效和经营绩效的影响,发现企业不同类型环境战略与经营战略的匹配可以提高环境绩效与经营绩效。研究成果将战略匹配研究拓展至环境战略领域,进一步揭示了环境战略、经营战略、环境绩效与经营绩效间的关系,对于企业经营实践也具有一定的借鉴意义。     

跨国合资企业控制机制研究

随着世界经济全球化,跨国合资企业(international joint venture:IJV)成为大量跨国公司实现全球战略的重要方式。但是随着技术不断扩散,新项目风险不断增加,许多产业的不断国际化,东道国政府对跨国公司独资或占控股地位合资行为限制时,如何实现对合资企业的控制,控制结构由什么决定,控制权如何演化成为对IJV研究的重点。由于研究的起步较晚,因而在理论和实证研究中却存在大量的分歧和不足。     

所有制特征、人力资源战略与企业绩效:战略柔性的视角

随着环境动态性增强,传统以“匹配性”为中心的战略人力资源(SHRM)框架必须让位于以“柔性”为中心的新框架,以战略柔性为基准能够对人力资源战略和企业绩效的关系进行新解释。论文按照内部化和外部化程度将企业人力资源战略分为内部型、市场型、联盟型和模糊型四种。本文以114家制造业企业为样本,通过实证研究表明,企业所有制特征对人力资源战略选择具有显著影响,并且联盟型绩效最高,模糊型绩效最低。     

中美合资企业绩效考核机制浅析

所谓员工业绩/绩效,就是员工根据企业的要求与期望、工作职位的权限与职责,通过自己的努力,在特定的管理环境中所做出的或创造的工作成果及其影响。绩效管理的目的,主要是通过绩效管理,使员工创造绩效、保持绩效、提高绩效,为企业提高绩效;更全面、有效地考核员工工作绩效,为激励员工、使用人才提供依据。文章详细介绍了中美合资企业的绩效考核机制并给予评价。     

国际合资企业稳定机制模型解析

<正> 1.前言 国际合资企业(IJV)是指一个独立的法人单位,代表了其拥有者的两家或两家以上的母公司,其中至少有一家母公司的总部设在国外经营的合资经营企业。当今世界普遍认为国际合资企业是最有活力的战略选择。虽然国际合资企业取得了巨大的成功,但也面临着极大的风险,大约有60％的国际合资企业破产倒闭了。如此高的倒闭破产率主要是由于对控制与信任、控制与冲突以     

Partner Characteristics,Information Asymmetry,and the Signaling Effects of Joint Ventures

We provide theory and evidence regarding the signaling effects of joint venture (JV) announcements. We argue that when a firm characterized by information asymmetry with respect to the stock market announces a JV, the growth opportunities and the quality of resources of the partner provides a signal to investors about the true value of the firm. Our study shows that (i) apart from synergies, JV announcements impact firm value also because of the information they convey about future growth opportunities; and (ii) JVs may not only validate but also ‘invalidate’ the quality of a firm by revealing that it is unable to attract strong partners. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Management of Sino-Sino Joint Ventures

Abstract

Since China's implementation of its open-door policy in 1979, the most effective way to obtain a foothold has proved to be to create joint ventures (JV) with a Chinese business partner. The foreign partner provides the transfer of technology, management skills, financing and access to international markets, whilst the Chinese partner contributes a production base with cheap land and labor, contacts with central and local government officials and access to the domestic Chinese market. The Chinese economy has benefited to a large extent from the creation of joint ventures in the past two decades. Hong Kong firms have used China as a production base for many years, usually with great success and to the mutual benefit of both. However, although Hong Kong firms had considerable experiences in running business and manufacturing operations in China, several have suffered substantially from their investment in joint ventures with Chinese partners. This paper evaluates various issues relating to the performance of equity joint ventures in China. The evaluation is based on a case study of four Sino-Hong Kong joint venture manufacturing firms in the electronics industry, and the findings of this paper indicate that there are number of important factors affecting the stability of joint ventures in China. Foreign investors' experiences in other areas may not be applicable to their investment in China because the operation of a joint venture in China is inevitably faced with a variety of problems that the foreign firms may not have encountered before.     

Learning Through Joint Ventures: A Framework Of Knowledge Acquisition

Joint ventures (JVs) are becoming an increasingly important organizational form in international business. When JVs are formed, valuable learning opportunities may be created for the venture partners. The primary objective in this paper is to explore the conditions under which firms exploit JV learning opportunities through the acquisition of knowledge. A framework of knowledge acquisition by JV partner firms is proposed. Using JV partner organizations as the primary level of analysis, the paper identifies various factors that influence the acquisition of learning, its value to the learning organization, and the migration of knowledge from the JV to the parent. Two firm specific learning-based concepts are developed: alliance knowledge accessibility and knowledge acquisition effectiveness.     

Antecedents and Effects of Parent Control in International Joint Ventures

Using a sample of 90 US–China manufacturing joint ventures, this study empirically tested a grounded-theory model of the antecedents and the effects of the structure of parent management control in international joint ventures. The results suggest that competitive and cooperative dynamics occur simultaneously between joint venture partners. On one hand, the relative bargaining power between the partners, derived from the negotiation context and from contributing critical resources to the venture, respectively, is a determining factor in management control; and the level of operational control exercised by a partner over the venture has a positive effect on the extent to which this partner's strategic objectives are achieved. On the other hand, the quality of the interpartner working relationship was found to have a strong, positive relationship with the achievement of strategic objectives for both partners.     

Joint venture evolution: extending the real options approach

Real options theory has emerged as a promising avenue to study joint venture (JV) evolution as a strategic response to managing uncertainty. We extend the real options approach by integrating it with game theory. Such a combined method enriches the valuation functions of each partnering firm and helps to identify the optimal decisions for exercising options in a JV. In our model, each firm's synergy from the joint operation and its knowledge acquisition capability (KAC) can significantly influence the competitive dynamics between partners, potentially affecting how each firm decides to acquire, divest, or dissolve. We employ a new solution technique in real options theory to capture the stochastic process of three factors, and use computer simulation to test the model under varying conditions. The results are stated in five testable propositions, providing a better understanding of the dynamics of a JV. We find that symmetries between partners in synergy or KAC contribute to stability or dissolution of the JV, whereas asymmetries in synergy or KAC make acquisition of the JV assets by one partner desirable. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

嵌入性网络、关系质量与国际合资企业不稳定演化

为防止国际合资企业在预期生命周期内的单方非意愿不稳定,提高国际合资企业的绩效,本文从国际合资企业的嵌入性网络出发,分析了组织间依赖关系质量对国际合资企业不稳定演化的决定机理,并构建演化模型全面剖析了组织间依赖关系质量与国际合资企业不稳定演化的动态关系,最后提出了防范国际合资企业不稳定的策略。     

Competing Research Joint Ventures

Research and development (R&D) competition among firms has recently been extended to R&D competition involving research joint ventures. It was previously shown that in an industry conducting cost-reducing R&D followed by competition in the product market, if all firms both fully share R&D information and coordinate investments to maximize pint profits, final products prices are lower, and firms' profits are higher than with information shriving alone, joint profit maximization alone, or no cooperation. In this paper we question whether a single research joint venture (RJV) cartel is the best form of industry R&D coordination. We show that there are circumstances in which splitting a single RJV cartel into several competing ones yields lower product prices. Moreover, we show that in these circumstances, splitting the industry into exactly two competing RJV cartels would be best.     

MANAGING FOR AUTONOMY IN JOINT VENTURES: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF UPWARD INFLUENCE*

This article explores the relationships among influence, autonomy and control in a joint venture setting. It addresses the mechanisms available to joint venture (JV) managers to influence and gain compliance from parent firms. Control categories derived primarily from research on unified structures are explored in a new domain, an international joint venture. the beginning of new theory specific to relationships in joint ventures is developed based on causal maps of managerial perceptions. the results suggest that the use of upward influence to gain autonomy in a joint venture is different and more complex than in unified structures or among independent organizations.     

Believing Is Seeing: Joint Ventures and Organization Learning*

This paper develops a conceptual framework for the study of organization learning and applies it to learning in joint ventures (JVs). the framework presents a multilevel view of the phenomenon, suggesting that learning in organizations occurs at the individual, group and organization levels. the framework integrates behavioural and cognitive perspectives of organization learning and delineates both learning processes and outcomes. Four key elements of organization learning are addressed: the nature of managerial learning experiences, the sharing and integration of managerial learning within an organization, the insti-tutionalization of learning, and the relationship between organization learning and performance. In applying the framework to a study of learning and JVs, we observed firms with explicit learning objectives unable to put into place the appropriate mechanisms and systems to transfer knowledge from the JV to the parent. While individual managers in the JVs were often enthusiastic and positive about their learning experiences, integration of the learning experience at the parent firm level was problematic, limiting the institutionalized learning. the fundamental position in this paper is that a rigid set of managerial beliefs associated with an unwillingness to cast off or unlearn past practices can severely limit the effectiveness of organization learning.     

An Investigation of Strategic Marketing Factors Affecting Performance of International Joint Ventures in China

This paper investigates the influence of some key strategic marketing factors on the performance of international joint ventures (W) operating in China. The related contextual variables which may moderate the linkage between marketing factors and W performance are also examined. The result suggests that some elements of conventional wisdom are deficient.