你应该知道的5种质量标志

面对琳琅满目的商品,消费者多掌握一些商品质量标志知识尤为重要.我们对市场上常见的几类质量标志作些介绍:     

影响购物的因素

通过调查，研究人员发现，消费者在选择商品时，最看中的仍然是商品的质量、价格和售后服务。此外，商品款式、品牌知名度、商品所具有的功能、购物环境等因素也在不同程度上对消费者起一定的影响作用。商品质量是各地消费者最关心的问题，不同年龄、不同性别、不同收入的...     

消费者重点关注商品的评价研究

本文为平板电脑消费者重点关注的典型商品设计了一套评价方案,将商品的质量特征按客观质量与感知质量两个类别分解为多个独立的要素,然后通过调查问卷、商品采样、商品检测等环节对每一个要素进行评价,得到该商品的商品质量水平评价。该方案为商品管理部门构建消费者重点关注商品的评价体系、掌握商品消费需求与维权状况、充分发挥消费者权益保护职能、引导消费者科学消费提供了重要参考和有效支持。     

浅议数学在经济工作中的应用

一、求商品的供需平衡点--方程组的应用 在经济活动中,消费者对一定量商品所愿支出的价格称为需求价格;生产者为提供一定量商品所愿意接受的价格称为供给价格.对某种商品而言,如果其需求量等于供给量,这种商品就达到了市场均衡.这时,商品的数量是均衡数量,商品价格为均衡价格.如何求某商品的均衡数量及均衡价格(或称供需平衡点)呢?请看:     

浅谈商品资金的质量管理

<正>商品资金的管理是商业企业对购,销、调、存各环节的商品管理。商品资金质量管理是商品资金管理的核心,也是提高商品资金使用效益的基础和手段。一、商品质量在流通领域的含义生产领域的商品质量只是指商品本身的质量标准。流通领域的商品质量还有另一种含义,除商品本身的质量标准外,还必须注重适应市场供求需要的数量标准。这种数量标准在     

强化流通领域质量监督

包头市技术监督部门紧紧围绕发展和完善市场体系，强化技术监督行政执法，深入开展打击制售假冒伪劣商品行为，为规范市场秩序，保护广大消费者和名优生产企业的合法权益，提高经济增长的质量和效益，履行职责。依法加强流通领域商品的监督市场商品的质量监督检查是根据《产品质量法》的规定，代表政府对流通领域商品质量实施的监督检查。为此，我们从1990年开始，每年都根据市场商品质量状况和消费者投诉的热点商品，制订“市场商品质量监督检查计划”，使全市商品质量监督检查工作有序、协调、统一开展。为保证监督检查的科学性、公证性、…     

解除消费者网上购物的后顾之忧——京东售后服务不断刷新“全流程购物体验”

在网上商品质量是不是有保证?商品不合适能不能退换?坏掉了能不能保修……售后问题一直都是消费者网购商品时最关心的话题。电商与实体零售店最大差别是消费者购买前无法亲眼看到实物,所以,要让消费者放心大胆地在线上购买商品,解决"后顾之忧"十分必要。     

质量和价格的比较

"便宜没好货"这一全民口头禅,真是话俗理不俗,它表明了价格和质量之间的内在联系.反映商品质量的因素是多方面的.从内在标志来看,有商品的性能、寿命或含量等,它们基本上是安全第一的商品设计理念的体现.外在的标志方面则有商品的包装、售后服务等,这是基于货物和服务一体化趋势的结果.另外,商品质量的要素也在不断地扩展,个性化满足能力、交货期、名牌效应、品种能力等,都逐渐成为商品质量的标志.     

谈经销者商品质量的保证

《中华人民共和国产品质量法》已实施达四年,按规定经销者在担负组织货源和供应市场的繁重任务中,还负有重要的商品质量责任,这种责任直接涉及每一位消费者的切身利益。经销者必须以系统工程思想为指导,全面遵循商品质量义务性规范和禁止性规范的规定,管理好商品质量,才能避免假冒伪劣商品冲击市场,保证出售商品的质量。     

随感

盛夏来临,人们经常看到在西瓜摊上挂着这样的牌子。"自选0.80元/500克,包红0.90元/500克",这是一个保证商品质量的实例。消费者自选商品,要承担一定的风险时,价格可以低一些。质量得到保证的商品,要承受高     

基于ARIMA模型的中国社会消费品零售总额季度预测

本文介绍了自回归单整平均移动模型即ARIMA模型的基本原理及其构建与应用的方法;并分析中国2003年-2010年社会消费品零售总额的季度数据,运用ARIMA(p,d,q)(P,D,Q)s模型,对历史数据-2010年四个季度社会消费品零售总额进行预测,其预测值与实际值拟合效果较好;在此基础上,预测出了2011年四个季度的社会消费品零售总额。     

网络消费者满意度的影响因素分析

网络营销是建立在互联网技术之上、借助互联网特性实现的以盈利为目的的一种营销手段。它与传统营销相比,主要是借助互联网作为销售工具来进行一系列的营销活动在最初的起步阶段到现在逐渐成熟,它比传统营销有着绝对优势。互联网的普及推动了电子商务的发展,在我国,互联网起步较晚,但是近年来随着人们生活水平以及各种观念的提高,互联网行业得到突飞猛进的发展,相应的我国的网络营销伴随着网络的发展而与日俱增,更加完善。网络消费者购买商品主要受自己对商品的认知,更主要是在购买商品后形成的满意程度,如果消费者在第一次的购买过程达到自己的满意则会加大消费者的重复购买率。反之,消费者在购买过程中的满意度降低,则严重影响消费者的二次购买。     

Equilibrium pricing and advertising strategies for nondurable experience products in a dynamic duopoly

The quality of many consumer nondurable goods or services is sufficiently complex or obscure that consumers cannot completely verify the true quality in a single usage. For such ‘experience’ products or services, the accumulated consumer consumption experience of a brand is an important determinant of its sales or market share. The market share of a brand is in turn directly influenced by its own and the competitive price and advertising strategies, given the different levels of quality (among other factors). In this paper, we investigate the impact of the aggregate consumption experience on the firm's dynamic pricing and advertising strategies by developing a formal game-theoretic model of a dynamic duopoly. The model of competition does not yield explicit closed-form expressions for the dynamic price and advertising paths of the two firms. Hence, we simulate the equilibrium paths using a discrete-time algorithm. Our simulation results provide interesting insights into the dynamic equilibrium price and advertising paths, under a variety of realistic competitive scenarios.     

我国输欧消费品技术性贸易壁垒的新进展

2004～2009年,欧盟对华产品通报始终位居RAPEX系统首位。2009年,欧盟发布对华通报1993项,相比2008年增幅达7％。2009年,欧盟连续发布多项关于消费品和消费品中化学物质的安全指令,我国输欧消费品面临的技术性贸易壁垒形势愈加严峻。文章在统计和分析欧盟RAPEX对华产品通报新进展的基础上,围绕2009年欧盟新出台的法规与指令展开研究,综合分析了导致我国输欧消费品遭受技术性贸易壁垒的多方面因素,最后提出了应对策略与建议。     

3PL企业切入快速消费品行业的机遇与挑战

由于快速消费品行业的快速扩张、布点以及其特有的产品经营策略．它们一般呈现了商品的多品种、小批量化、高配送频率、多配送点、快速配送要求以及需要完善的信息系统支撑等物流配送特征，使得整个物流活动更加复杂。文章从快速消费品的特点、对物流的需求等方面阐述了行业发展动态，尤其是第三方物流在切入快速消费品行业的机遇与挑战。最后，给出了快速消费品行业与第三方物流在以后的合作与发展中的几条建议．一定程度上指导了两者的良性融合。终端经营战略的有效实施促进了3PL快速切入快速消费品行业使得社会成本尽可能最低，总利润最大化。     

基于消费行为的中国奢侈品市场研究

中国已成为世界第二大奢侈品消费国。本文首先介绍了奢侈品的发展概况，接着从中国目前奢侈品消费市场的调研出发。分析了中国奢侈品市场的消费行为特点，最后对中国奢侈品市场的未来进行了展望。     

基于马克思主义经济学的商品交换模型

本文从效用量和效用等级这两个最基本的经济学概念出发,在继承马克思主义经济学劳动价值理论的公理假设的基础上,建立了一个初级的商品交换模型。该模型描述了不同的商品所有者在劳动价值等价交换和满足对商品效用量的需求的前提下,以实现效用等级最大为交换动机引起的商品交换的基本数量关系,并得出了满足相应条件的商品交换和效用等级最大值存在性等若干结论。     

Consumer Feelings and Equilibrium Product Quality

This paper considers the possibility that a firm can invest not only in the true product quality, but also in activities such as merchandizing and store atmospherics that influence consumer perception of the product quality. Consumers make their purchase decisions based on the signal (perception) of quality they experience, where the signal is influenced by both the true product quality valued by the consumer and the affect of the consumer at the time of the signal formation. In this situation, a firm finds it optimal to invest in both product quality and in variables inducing affect, even though rational consumers, in equilibrium, correctly solve back for the true product quality. We uncover an asymmetry in the effects of the cost of producing quality and the cost of inducing affect. As a firm's cost of quality decreases, the firm will find it optimal to invest more both in the true quality and in the affect inducement, even if it does not have a lower cost of inducing affect. Conversely, if a firm finds it easier to induce affect, then the product quality decreases but affect-inducing activities increase.
Under competition, we find that the firm investing more in quality also invests more in affect creation. An implication of this is that in a competitive environment, consumers can rationally associate an up-lifting store atmosphere, affect inducing merchandizing, or mood-creating communication with high quality products even when the firm has no need to signal their private cost of quality information, and when there is no consumption externality of the affect. We also analyze the case in which firms might have different costs and consumers are uncertain about the costs incurred by a given firm. Here again we show that the perceived quality production is positively correlated with both the true quality and the affect inducing activities.     

The Lowest Supply and Demand of Engineering Officers of National Vessels in Taiwan

This article is based on the number of engineering officers from 1994 to 2000 in Taiwan, and adopts a 6-year moving average to work out the transition probability of engineering officers and to construct an absorbing Markov Transition Matrix to forecast the terms of seniority and annual supply in each hierarchy. In order to estimate the minimum number of vessels needed, this article also employed the quantity of demand for imported consumer goods from 1994 to 2000 in Taiwan and applied a Grey model to predict the annual quantity of demand for imported consumer goods. Furthermore, this article estimated the minimum number of demand for engineering officers according to the minimum number of vessels needed. In addition, this paper used cross-analysis to investigate the manpower supply and demand of engineering officers in Taiwan and obtained some important results, which can be valuable references for pertinent authorities.     

Bertrand oligopoly in a spatial context: The case of quantity independent transportation costs

The theory of spatial competition [for a review, see Gabszewicz and Thisse (1985)] is usually based on the assumption of transportation costs which are proportionate to distance and quantity. In reality, however, there exist frequently considerable economies of scale, especially with respect to the conveyed quantity of goods. A good case in point is transportation cost incurred by a consumer patronizing a shopping area. Cost economies of scale will in general influence consumers' optimal choice with respect to quantities and best market places. In the extreme, consumers' outlays on transportation can be considered independent of the purchased quantity, but approximately proportionate to distance. In the present paper, the impact of this assumption on spatial competition is analysed. It will be shown, that existence and uniqueness of spatial oligopolistic equilibrium is restored. Furthermore, due to some residual monopolistic power, prices do not converge to the perfectly competitive equilibrium prices when the distance between the firms shrinks to zero. In conclusion the model exhibits a fundamental difference in the market structure, when the spatial aspect is incorporated.