用户欠费心态分析与消除欠费的理性思考

用户欠缴电费,目前是一个很普遍的问题,笔者在文中对用户欠费的心态,欠费对电力企业的影响作了如实的分析,同时也提出了限制和消除高额欠费的办法。     

电费回收：倍受困扰的话题

欠费愈演愈烈,不仅电力企业生产经营的正常运转发生困难,而且危及相关企业的生存,影响国民经济的健康运行。电费回收是事关全局的紧迫大事,要痛下决心,知难而进,改革传统的电费回收机制和方法,加强宣传,让政府和用户都重视,严格考核,落实责任,用精诚扼制欠费增长。     

电费回收——解铃还需系铃人

本文论述了电力作为商品其及时回收电费的必要性,欠费用电企业应从自身发展的角度出发,及时缴付电费。     

试论电费债转股必须考虑的几个因素

电费债转股是解决日益膨胀的电费欠费问题的一条新思路。但推行电费债转股首先要考虑欠费企业债务形成的原因;其次要考虑债务重组的成本;第三要考虑债务企业当地政府的干预行为;第四要考虑政策法律因素。     

对依法实施预收电费的思考

对于供电企业来说，电费回收一直是一个老大难问题，尽管供电企业采取各种措施，动员一切力量追收电费，但拖欠电费现象还是屡见不鲜。据相关资料显示，截止到2003年底，全国电力行业有300多亿元电费被拖欠。面对如此巨额的拖欠电费，电力企业除在拖欠事实发生后采取积极的措施追收欠费外，更应考虑对目前的客     

实现电费信用等级管理

电费欠费催缴是供电企业确保＂电量卖得出去,电费收得回来＂的最后一道防线。但随着社会用电量大幅增加,社会用电结构日趋复杂,特别是随着用电客户的流动性加大,电费欠费催缴工作的难度加大。目前供电企业对欠费催缴非常重视，普遍实施了领导包干，责任到人等措施，但往往是顾此失彼。究其原因，主要是电费欠费催缴是事后补救措施，     

新余：电债冰山融化

1999年9月，江西新余市赣西供电局依法对欠费达115亿元的新余钢铁公司实施停电催费，遭到该公司百余人上门闹事阻挠。后经省电力公司、省冶金厅及地方政府多方调解，双方签订了三年还款协议。2002年底，新余钢铁公司陈欠电费全部缴清，且当年未发生新欠电费，一举摘掉了“江西省历史上最大欠费大户”的帽子，这一事件还被评为2002年江西电力系统十大新闻之一。事实证明，只要措施得当，再坚硬的欠费“冰山”也是会融化的。     

重庆城区合力清欠

截至2004年10月，重庆市城区供电局陈欠电费累计达639．6万元。其中，半停产、特困企业欠费179．5万元，已破产企业欠费387．6万元，进入法律程序的倒闭企业、商场欠费49．4万元，低压客户欠费23．1万元。     

电费清欠中的“兵法”运用

电费清欠策略是战术层面的,实际操作也是技巧层面的。对于那些欠费大户、特别是恶意拖欠的用电企业,除了领导重视、工作人员发扬"三千"精神外,还应对症下药,积极运用某些方法和技巧,以起到事半功倍的效果。《孙子兵法》和《三十六计》集历代"韬略"、"诡道"之大成,广泛适用于社会、经济、军事等各个层面,其精华亦可用于电费回收。擒贼擒王：此计用于军事,指以擒拿敌军首领来打垮敌军主力,使之彻底瓦解的谋略。2000年底,在催费结零的节骨眼上,某市化工集团公司一把手却神秘地失踪了。登门催缴,工作人员貌似无奈地道出"实情"：领导…     

建立电费风险防范制度

近年来，拖欠电费的问题十分严重，供电企业的经营风险越来越大。浙江电力企业欠费问题一度也十分突出，1999年拖欠电费累计达3，64亿元。     

加强电费管理 防范经营风险

论述了供电企业当前电费管理中的风险与隐患,用电客户欠费的现状、原因及防范措施.并就如何加强电费管理,实行用电大客户信用等级制度,建立电费预警分析制度等方面进行了研究.     

浅析电费欠费原因及对策

对拖欠电费产生的原因以及防范和降低拖欠电费发生的对策进行了分析。     

Regional Economic Stability and Mortgage Default Risk in the Netherlands

This paper investigates the relationship between regional economic diversification and stability, and residential mortgage default risk in the Netherlands. To describe and measure regional economic diversity and stability, methods from both the regional economics and the industrial economics literature are used. All measures are based on regional employment characteristics. Mortgage default rates were obtained from a database of the population of insured mortgage defaults in the Netherlands from 1983 through 1990. To test the relationship between the measures and mortgage default risk, cross sectional Seemingly Unrelated Regression was used. The paper concludes that the employed measures explain regional mortgage default rates to a significant extent, and that stability measures outperform diversity measures.     

建设领域工程款拖欠的成因分析与防范机制探讨

分析了建设领域工程款拖欠的特征和成因,结合国家政策文件,提出了应该采取规范建筑市场、健全建设领域法律制度、完善工程担保制度、加强建设领域信用体系建设和提高承包企业风险防范意识等相应措施,以及构建防范工程款拖欠长效机制的思路。     

煤电价格传导机制分析及政策建议

对煤价、电价之间的传导关系进行了理论推导,通过实例对煤价、电价之间的价格传导进行了分析。研究表明：由于发电环节对成本的消纳能力有限,煤炭价格的波动对电力价格具有直接的推动作用,必须适时疏导。煤电联动机制作为一种过渡机制,当煤价上涨时,销售侧的电价并不能适时体现发电成本的上涨并随之调整价格,下一步应深化电价改革,形成煤、电价格联动的市场定价机制。     

The Role of Home Equity Lending in the Recent Mortgage Crisis

Home equity lending grew rapidly from 2000 to 2008 with balances more than tripling. In this article, we examine the role this phenomenon may have played in increasing aggregate default risk during the mortgage crisis. We also document a relationship between growth in home equity lending and high house price depreciation and first mortgage default during the downturn of 2006–2009. Line of credit growth is shown to be associated with large increases in nonowner‐occupied property purchases, suggesting that home equity lines of credit were tapped to fund such investments, exacerbating default rates during the market downturn.     

商业银行流动性与违约风险研究——基于 PVAR 模型的实证检验

本文使用11家上市银行的季度数据建立面板向量自回归（PVAR）模型,运用脉冲响应函数分析银行流动性对银行风险的动态影响。结果显示,内外部融资流动性对商业银行风险有显著影响,但二者作用于银行风险的时间路径和作用存在差异。银行风险之于外部流动性的响应较为迅速,对于内部流动性而言有一定滞后;外部流动性对银行风险的影响在时间序列上呈现衰弱周期,而内部流动性的影响则随着时间推移逐步加强。由此,在短期的流动性危机中,应更注重外部流动性的补充,但从长期来看,内部融资流动性才是商业银行风险的基础因素。     

A Dynamic Double-Trigger Model of Multifamily Mortgage Default

This study advances the commercial mortgage literature by providing theory and methods for incorporating both equity and cash-flow considerations in default models. We use local market conditions to compute a (joint) probability that default is in-the-money, based on both equity and cash-flow considerations. Statistical analysis is performed using data on multifamily mortgages originated in the 1980s and early 1990s. Simulations based on statistical modeling show advantages of the probabilistic double-trigger approach over other measures of equity and cash flow.     

Modeling the Conditional Probability of Foreclosure in the Context of Single-Family Mortgage Default Resolutions

Both empirical and pricing-simulation models of mortgage default focus on foreclosure in a one-step decision framework. Such models are misspecified to the extent that mortgage default and foreclosure are two separate decisions or events, where foreclosure is but one outcome of a default episode. This study examines the dynamics of mortgage borrower default episodes using a large sample of FHA-insured single-family mortgages. We estimate the influence of borrower characteristics, mortgage terms, and economic conditions on probabilities of various resolutions, highlighting under what conditions foreclosure is more likely to result from mortgage default.     

The Conditional Probability of Foreclosure: An Empirical Analysis of Conventional Mortgage Loan Defaults

This paper analyzes the factors affecting the conditional probability that defaulted residential mortgage loans will foreclose. We analyze a large national sample of conventional loans, which have been in default at least once during the 1988 to 1994 period. For such loans, lenders and borrowers either individually or jointly make choices which lead to the following outcomes: (1) resumption of payments, (2) termination by prepayment, or (3) foreclosure. Our estimates of a logit model indicate that termination option values and local area economic and housing market conditions affect default resolution probabilities. Perhaps more importantly, simulations using the logit model indicate that the efficiency of the default resolution process may be substantially improved by legal and regulatory reforms.