化工产业转型要坚持自主创新

党的十八大报告明确指出,科技创新是提高社会生产力和综合国力的战略支撑,必须摆在国家发展全局的核心位置。化工行业的转型升级迫在眉睫,全行业必须以十八大报告的精神为指导,加快推进这项工作。目前,我国工业发展环境发生了深刻变化,长期积累的深层次矛盾日益突出,粗放增长模式已难以为继,已进入到必须以转型升级促进工业又好又快发展的新阶段。转型就是要通过转变工业发展方式,加快实现由传统工业化向新型工业化道路转变;升级就是要通过全面优化技术结构、组织结构、布局结构和行业结构,促进工业结构整体优化提升。     

江苏省工业化与城市化协调发展研究

工业化与城市化分别反映经济发展过程中产业结构和空间结构的变化.工业化与城市化存在互动关系,两者之间的互动在不同发展阶段有不同的表现.判断工业化与城市化是否协调应结合工业化与城市化发展的历史背景,从工业化、城市化及其互动发展的内涵出发,在工业化与城市化发展的动态过程中考察其在不同发展阶段的表现.改革开放后,江苏省工业化与城市化发展经历了一定程度的脱节后,开始进入协调发展的阶段,目前仍面临体制障碍、第三产业发展滞后、城镇规模结构不合理等问题.为促进江苏工业化与城市化进一步协调发展,应加快体制改革,加快发展第三产业,促进城镇化向城市化的转变.     

FDI对东北老工业基地产业结构演进效应

改革开放以后,东北老工业基地第二产业和第三产业产值比重不断上升,这一转变具有明显的阶段性特征,其中FDI是导致产业结构发生阶段性变化的重要影响因素.外资工业推动了东北工业结构的高加工度化进程、外资工业的结构倾斜促进了东北技术密集型产业的发展、刑对第三产业增加值的贡献率高于对第二产业、第一产业增加值的贡献率.虽然东北外商直接投资的规模在全国居中下游水平,但FDI对东北产业结构演进具有牵引效应.     

工业化进程与财政收支结构的变化

随着工业化进程的加快,我国已经进入工业化的中后期阶段,由农业经济大国转变成为一个工业大国。由此财政收入结构和支出结构也发生了很大变化。改革开放之前,我国主要采取剪刀差等手段依靠农业来积累建设资金,支持国家的工业建设;改革开放后特别是进入21世纪后,随着工业化进程的加快,我国财政收入稳定高速增长,财力逐步雄厚,财政收入主要依靠第二产业特别是工业,国家免除了农业税,加大了对三农的投入。我国已经全面进入工业反哺农业、城市支援乡村的新阶段。     

中国的新世纪战略:从工业大国走向工业强国

中国工业发展取得了巨大成就 ,已成为世界工业生产大国。当前 ,中国工业过程发生着深刻变化 ,正在从工业大国走向工业强国。这一阶段工业化的主要任务是增强工业国际竞争力 ,完成从工业大国到工业强国的转变。在这一转变中 ,实现产业重组和产业布局的重大调整是中国工业发展的战略任务     

吉林省东丰县工业经济增长的理性思考

县域经济的发展过程,即是县域经济工业化的过程。县域经济工业化的道路大体要经历三个阶段,即起步阶段,成熟阶段和高度发展阶段。起步阶段大体又可以分为前期、中期和后期。吉林省东丰县经济发展正处于起步阶段的后期,这一时期是县域工业发展道路上的充实和壮大时期,在这一时期里,工业企业的规模由小到大,其内部联系也由分散走向集中,企业装备由落后,粗放走向先进,行业结构也逐步成型,形成了规模,具备了相当的实力,也形成了具有地域优势的重点行业,为县域工业走向成熟阶段创造了转变的条件。     

我国投资与消费比例关系的变化及合理界限

一、1978～1990年我国投资与消费比例关系的阶段性变化 1978～1990年这一时期,我国投资率年平均为37.8％。由于这一时期我国正处于改革的探索阶段,体制变化、政策调整比较频繁,投资与消费比例关系所历经的变化过程,其阶段性是十分明显的。即经历了一个“由高到低、由低到高、再由高到低”的过程。     

中国的新世纪战略：从工业大国走向工业强力

中国工业发展取得了巨大成就，已成为世界工业生产大国。当前，中国工业过程发生着深刻变化，正在从工业大国走向工业强国。这一阶段工业化的主要任务是增强工业国际竞争力，完成从工业厣到工业强国的转变。在这一转变中，实现产业重组和产业布局的重大调整是中国工业发展的战略任务。     

全球纺织服装供应链中的中国纺织产品开发工作(上)

曾经有专家评论过现今全球经济结构,美国正在由后工业化向信息化过渡,西欧、日本等正处于后工业化时代,新兴工业国家和地区正处于从前工业化向后工业化过渡阶段,中国等发展中国家正处于从农业化向前工业化过渡阶段,这也正好道出了全球产业链形成的基础。所以,任何具有竞争力的产品都是通过国际化、区域化、上下游产业的分工协作完成的,每个国家     

旅游城市工业化路径创新研究——以桂林市为例

旅游城市的城市性质决定了其工业化要进行路径创新,即走新型工业化道路.桂林市走新型工业化道路,是尊重桂林城市性质、提高桂林发展质量和实现桂林跨越式发展的理性选择.桂林市工业与城市性质的协调性改善,但矛盾仍较为突出;工业化速度较快,但工业经济发展方式粗放,效益欠佳;工业化推动了结构优化,但结构缺陷仍明显.因此,桂林市走新型工业化道路必须:科学认识工业化与城市性质的关系;以转变发展方式为核心,着力提高工业经济效益;以结构调整为主线,进一步优化桂林市工业经济结构.     

Marketing to firms in developing asian countries

The Newly Industrialized and Developing Asian countries represent a substantial and growing market for capital goods and for industrial components. Industrial buyer behavior among firms in these countries is different from that exhibited by firms in the advanced, industrialized countries. Therefore, different marketing strategies are required to penetrate NIC and LDC markets. This article discusses industrial buyer behavior in the NICs and LDCs and makes recommendations for marketing strategies.     

中间与两极汇率制度演变趋势分析——基于两种分类方法的统计分析

“中空论”是近年来比较流行的汇率制度选择理论之一．文章分别采用Bubula and Otker—Robe事实分类法和IMF官方事实分类法对147个样本国家1990—2001年和1999—2006年的汇率制度发展趋势进行统计分析,以期发现在现实中各国汇率制度选择是否存在“中空”的趋势。研究发现就147个国家的总体样本而言,中间汇率制度确有下降的趋势,但是相对比例仍然很高,“中空”的趋势并不明显,而不同类型的国家汇率制度演变趋势不同。     

Support service is key for technology transfer to China

China, under the direction of its new political leadership, is extremely interested in purchasing the most up-to-date technology. However, still being a less-developed nation, there is some doubt about her ability to absorb this high-level technology. If the U.S. industrial marketers hesitate to sell this technology, China will buy it from other industrialized countries. The authors maintain that the U.S. industrial marketers must sell the high-level technology to China. However, they also must make sure that this technology will be transferred successfully. In order to assure the success, the authors suggest that special attention be paid to the development of marketing support service systems as highly technical industrial products are sold to China. These systems will at least temporarily overcome existing barriers to technology transfer and hence will facilitate smooth and enduring technology transfers in the long run.     

Workplace Industrial Relations under Different Regulatory Systems: A Survey-Based Comparison of Australia and Britain

The focus of the paper is upon the extent to which different national regulatory systems give rise to different institutions and outcomes at the workplace. It uses data from the Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey and the third British Workplace Industrial Relations Survey to examine a number of hypotheses which suggest that the different regulatory systems of these countries have produced distinct patterns of industrial relations at the workplace. It is concluded that, while there is substantial evidence that the countries' different regulatory systems have had distinct effect on industrial relations institutions and outcomes, these are not as straight forward as earlier work has suggested.     

Industrial product innovation: An international comparison

This paper presents and discusses the data obtained from a study of 500 industrial innovations introduced in major industrialized countries from 1953 to 1973. The trends in industrial innovation of both the country of origin and the country of market introduction are examined based on the data presented.     

东盟国家落入“中等收入陷阱”的原因与教训

马来西亚、泰国、印度尼西亚和菲律宾等东盟四国,从低收入状态进入中等收入水平后,经济增长回落或长期停滞,落入“中等收入陷阱”。这既有产业转型升级困难、创新能力不足等经济因素,也有贫富差距不断扩大、政局不断动荡等社会原因,还有国际经济环境改变等外部因素。当前我国处于上中收入国家阶段,要从东盟四国落入“中等收入陷阱”中吸取经验教训,促进发展方式的彻底转变,才能成功跨越“中等收入陷阱”。     

面向可持续性的煤炭消费革命探讨

作为一种最先大规模使用的化石能源,煤炭在早期工业革命和当今发展中国家的工业化中发挥了重要的作用。与工业革命时期相比,当前煤炭消费的政治、技术、经济、生态环境都发生了深刻的变化,煤炭消费革命势在必行。以能源可持续发展为背景,探讨了煤炭能源的变革过程,将煤炭能源的历史使命概括为:推进工业化→减量洁净化→淡出能源舞台,认为中国煤炭消费革命的核心是"控量""洁净",具体表现为煤炭消费环境的变革、煤炭消费观念的更新、煤炭消费规模的控制、煤炭消费技术的革命、煤炭消费效率的提升等。     

Industrial Relations Systems and US Foreign Direct Investment Abroad

Five readily distinguishable industrial relations systems are identified based on differences in education levels, hourly compensation costs and various government and collective bargaining constraints placed on management's freedom to set the terms and conditions of employment. A model of foreign direct investment (FDI) that incorporates these key industrial relations variables is then specified and tested against US FDI across a sample of nine industries and 33 industrialized and developing countries. The industrial relations system variables significantly influence US FDI abroad. In particular, education is negatively related to FDI across low skill–low wage countries but is positively related to FDI across high skill–high wage countries. Higher hourly compensation costs (apparently capturing higher productivity) are associated with greater FDI. Whereas government restrictions on layoffs, union penetration and centralized negotiation structures are negatively related to US FDI, the ratification of ILO standards and works council policies are positively related to US FDI. Based on these findings, the FDI attractiveness of industrial relations systems are compared and policy implications discussed.     

Adjusting the roles of national laboratories: some comparisons between UK, French, and Belgian institutions

In recent years in advanced industrialized countries, there has been a general re-assessment of the roles of national laboratories. A common trend has been to encourage exploitation of their resources by increasing the flow of technology to industry. The form that this takes varies between countries. The UK has adopted more radical policies than most other European countries. The paper argues that although there have been some gains as laboratories have provided an expanding range of services and products to industry (e.g. consultancy and software), there are also some considerable drawbacks to the UK's course of action. This contention is supported by a comparison of similar institutions in the UK, France and Belgium.     

不同类型国家对外开放政策的比较

不管是老牌工业化国家还是新兴工业化国家，其工业化过程一般是和经济对外开放过程紧密结合在一起的。由于这些国家在规模、自然资源以及科技水平等方面存在着巨大差异，从而使其所实行的对外开放政策有着很大区别。比较这些差异和区别，分析其对工业化所产生的不同影响，对于正确制定我国的对外开放政策，从而促进我国的工业化进程，有着重大现实意义。