我国制度变迁中的劳动力市场分析

尽管我国的就业体制已经基本由过去的计划配置转向市场经济的市场配置,然而,传统经济体制下制度的路径依赖效应仍然对劳动力市场的一体化进程产生阻碍,极大地制约着我国劳动力资源比较优势的发挥,影响资源配置效率.     

转型劳动力市场中工资差距扩大分析

文章认为,我国劳动力市场转型主要是工资结构的调整以及人们在不同就业状态上的分化。劳动力市场改革也使得工资差距不合理的扩大。劳动力市场中收入分配失序的原因有国家规制、非价格机制和劳动力市场分割等。如果我国在构建和谐社会的过程中,采取新的发展战略,重构劳动力市场改革,那么,将不仅有利于经济效率的改善,也有利于收入分配更为平等。     

经济增长、收入水平与社会保障满意度

作为基本公共服务的重要组成部分,社会保障是国家富强、社会稳定、人民幸福的安全阀。我国已经进入“老龄社会”,如何提升社会保障水平是社会发展必然面对的问题。基于CSS调查2015年、2017年和2019年的追踪数据,运用Order Probit模型检验经济增长平、收入水平等变量对社会保障满意度的影响。结果表明：就业人口社会保障满意度水平随着时间推移越来越高,社会保障制度“分割”问题却依旧存在;经济增长与社会保障满意度水平非简单线性关系,人均GDP在经济发展到一定程度后对社会保障满意度的促进作用消失,社会保障服务供给成为重要影响因素;绝对收入与社会保障满意度之间呈倒“U”型关系;相对收入对社会保障满意度具有一定程度正向影响,只有当下社会经济地位处于优势时,社会保障满意度才会更高。研究印证了“伊斯特林悖论”,证明了其在社会保障领域的适用性,为社会保障制度的完善提供现实依据。     

China＇s Pattern of Growth： Moving to Sustainability and Reducing Inequality

I. Introduction China’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth has averaged 9.4 percent per annum since1978. As a result of this impressive growth, millions of people were lifted out of poverty. Economic reforms implemented over the last 25 years have certainly been instrumental in the remarkable growth performance, leading to higher productivity growth than in the pre- reform period. Nevertheless, it is widely agreed that China’s growth during this period has been resource intensive, drawing…     

Decomposing Income Inequality and Policy Implications in Rural China

Using village data from samples covering 6 provinces,36 counties and 216 townships,the income inequalities within and between townships in rural China are assessed. The Theil index and the mean logarithmic deviation methods enable us to test income inequality at the township level,and to decompose it into intra-regional and inter-regional at county and provincial levels. In the present paper,we also decompose income inequalities between and within the nationally designated poor counties (NDPC). The results show that approximately two-thirds of the income inequality in rural China would be eliminated if measures and policies were targeted at the county level. This study also confirms the rationale that China's poverty alleviation strategy of focusing on poor counties based on the inequalities between NDPC and non-NDPC accounts for the most inter-province inequality.     

城镇居民收入差距的形成与趋势

对我国城镇居民收入差距形成的分析表明,第一产业增加值、失业率等是影响我国城镇居民收入的显著因素。并且,从这些因素的变动趋势判断,我国城镇居民收入差距仍将会进一步扩大。因此,扩大就业渠道、大力普及教育、深化分配制度、完善社会保障体系等是控制我国城镇居民收入差距扩大的有效措施。     

经济转型、收入分配和文化改革

作为一种被动选择,经济转型是一种经济运行状态转向另一种经济运行状态。经济转型的实质是维持旧的收入分配格局,其转型的手段主要是技术创新或制度改革。在改革阻力较大的经济体系中,逐步放开文化管制是一种比较现实的折中方案。     

Fertility Effects of Labor Market Conditions at Graduation

This study examines how individuals' fertility outcomes were affected by the labor market conditions they experienced at graduation. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey, it finds that poor labor market conditions at graduation delayed individuals' entry into parenthood. Higher unemployment rates at graduation reduced the probability of having at least one child in the survey year for both men and women. The negative fertility effects generally followed a U-shape, reached the maximum around average childbearing ages, and faded out within 15 years after graduation. Low-skilled workers mainly contribute to the negative fertility effects observed in the whole sample. Employment and marital outcomes are also analyzed as potential mechanisms. Estimation results indicate that individuals who experienced poor labor market conditions at graduation delayed marriage and the birth of the first child due to a lower probability of being employed, reduced working hours, and adverse income shocks. The negative long-term fertility effects should be brought to policymakers' attention, especially when China's low fertility issue worsens. Policymakers are expected to create more favorable employment conditions for labor market entrants to encourage fertility and expand the future working-age population.     

市场分割、地区异质性与经济增长质量

市场分割已成为影响我国经济实现高质量增长的重要因素。以往的研究多以经济增长速度作为经济增长的变量,未将经济增长质量纳入研究范围。通过对市场分割对经济增长质量的影响机制的理论分析,以及就不同类型市场分割对我国地区经济增长质量的影响的实证分析,结果显示:东部地区商品市场的分割对经济增长质量的不利影响程度较大,资本市场的分割是中部和东北地区经济增长质量的主要影响因素,西部地区则受到多类型市场分割的共同影响。为此,我国应当健全区域协调发展的政策体系,把基本经济制度优势转化为区域协调发展的治理效能,落实公平竞争审查制度、市场准入负面清单制度,建立统一开放、竞争有序的市场体系;各地区应当发挥自身比较优势,合理分工,在聚集过程中走向新的平衡,进一步优化营商环境,减少对资源配置的直接干预,实现区域高质量发展。     

长三角地区县域经济发展差异及其动态收敛研究

文章以长三角地区60个县（不包括区）1998—2009年间的人均GDP数据为基础,首先采用标准差系数和锡尔系数分析该地区内县域经济发展差异水平现状,然后根据经济增长收敛理论进一步对其动态收敛趋势进行实证分析。研究结果表明,长三角地区县域经济差异在1998—2009年间逐渐增大,并且基本不存在动态收敛的趋势,仅部分地区内县域经济存在俱乐部收敛。根据研究结果提出了初步的政策建议。     

An Examination of Labor Productivity Growth and Structural Changes in the Singapore Labor Force*

This paper ?rst examines the sources of growth in the Singapore economy by decomposing real per capita gross domestic product (GDP) growth into two components. It is found that, for the period 1974–1999, labor productivity was a signi?cant source of economic growth in Singapore. Conversely, the contribution of the rate of change in employment ratio was only of secondary importance. On further decomposition, the rate of change in employment ratio was due mainly to rate of change in population age‐structure ratio and rate of change in labor‐force participation rate. Growth patterns of the labor force were examined after it has been segregated according to gender, citizenship and age group independently. Labor productivity growth was highest in the transport, storage and communication sector, while labor productivity growth was lowest in the ?nancial, insurance, real estate and business services sector.     

区域经济增长路径选择的再思考——以劳动力为视角

区域经济在国民经济体系中居于十分重要的战略地位，区域经济发展，是一个区域面临的重大经济问题和重大政治问题。如何选择适当的路径以保持区域经济的快速、健康和可持续发展，是我们面临的重大课题。本文从劳动力这一既平凡却又非常重要的基本生产要素的视角，提出根据不同区域的具体实际，从确保劳动力投入、提高劳动力素质、规范劳动力科学流动三个方面阐述区域经济增长的必由之路，提出人力资本已经成为区域经济发展的决定性因素。     

操作定位、经济效应与创业板市场的困境摆脱

创业板市场发展有利于完善中国资本市场体系,促进科技创新,加快经济结构调整,对于实现"十二五"时期经济社会发展目标具有重大意义。推动中国创业板市场的发展应从扩大内需、完善风险投资机制、重视高新技术产业发展和加强市场监管等方面着手。     

人力资本、劳动收入份额与共同富裕

共同富裕目标的核心是增加居民收入和缩小居民收入差距,人力资本水平的提升能增加劳动者的收入。劳动收入份额作为收入分配的一项重要指标,有利于改善初次分配不平等,缩小收入差距,进而促进共同富裕目标的实现。利用2011—2021年中国30个省份的数据,运用固定效应、中介效应模型,实证分析人力资本对共同富裕的影响以及劳动收入份额在两者之间发挥的作用。研究发现,人力资本水平的提升能够促进共同富裕,且该结论在进行一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立;中介效应分析表明,劳动收入份额在人力资本对共同富裕的影响之间起到中介的作用;异质性分析表明,在东部和经济规模大的地区,人力资本对共同富裕的促进作用更为明显。     

海外学者关于中国收入和财富分配不平等问题的研究综述

文章首先分析了海外学者关于中国收入和财富分配不平等问题研究的观点;其次,分析了海外学者对改革与分配相关问题研究的方法与特点;最后在研究的基础上结合我国实际并提出相关的建议。