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Louis Kuijs 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2006,14(1):1-14
I. Introduction China’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth has averaged 9.4 percent per annum since1978. As a result of this impressive growth, millions of people were lifted out of poverty. Economic reforms implemented over the last 25 years have certainly been instrumental in the remarkable growth performance, leading to higher productivity growth than in the pre- reform period. Nevertheless, it is widely agreed that China’s growth during this period has been resource intensive, drawing… 相似文献
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收入分配差距与经济增长的关系一直是经济学界关注的研究领域。基于收入分配差距对经济增长影响效应的研究,主要集中在收入分配差距是否对经济增长有害的讨论以及收入分配差距影响经济增长的作用机制上。文章分别从这两方面对该领域的核心文献进行梳理,并对已有文献进行简评,提出了进一步研究的方向。 相似文献
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This study examines how individuals' fertility outcomes were affected by the labor market conditions they experienced at graduation. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey, it finds that poor labor market conditions at graduation delayed individuals' entry into parenthood. Higher unemployment rates at graduation reduced the probability of having at least one child in the survey year for both men and women. The negative fertility effects generally followed a U-shape, reached the maximum around average childbearing ages, and faded out within 15 years after graduation. Low-skilled workers mainly contribute to the negative fertility effects observed in the whole sample. Employment and marital outcomes are also analyzed as potential mechanisms. Estimation results indicate that individuals who experienced poor labor market conditions at graduation delayed marriage and the birth of the first child due to a lower probability of being employed, reduced working hours, and adverse income shocks. The negative long-term fertility effects should be brought to policymakers' attention, especially when China's low fertility issue worsens. Policymakers are expected to create more favorable employment conditions for labor market entrants to encourage fertility and expand the future working-age population. 相似文献
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David Piachaud 《Development Southern Africa》2013,30(1):24-38
Social protection has conventionally been associated with redistribution and equity. This paper examines the effects of different types of social protection on economic growth. It looks at the possible effects on human capital formation, on physical investment and innovation, on the local economy and on the macroeconomy, discusses these effects in theory and reviews empirical evidence of such effects. It considers the widely varying impacts that different types of social protection can have on the distribution of incomes and on economic growth. The paper concludes that, in analysing, assessing and planning social protection, it is crucially important to consider the potential drawbacks – and the benefits. 相似文献
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文章认为,我国劳动力市场转型主要是工资结构的调整以及人们在不同就业状态上的分化。劳动力市场改革也使得工资差距不合理的扩大。劳动力市场中收入分配失序的原因有国家规制、非价格机制和劳动力市场分割等。如果我国在构建和谐社会的过程中,采取新的发展战略,重构劳动力市场改革,那么,将不仅有利于经济效率的改善,也有利于收入分配更为平等。 相似文献
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改革开放以来我国城乡收入差距呈现不断扩大的趋势,其实质是农民收入过低。在导致城乡收入差距的诸多因素中,农业比较效益低下、劳动力流动受阻以及社会保障制度不健全等非竞争性因素是最主要的,并且也是今后相当长一段时期内继续起作用的重要因素。为防止城乡收入差距的进一步扩大,必须从这些非竞争性因素入手,积极地致力于对农业的支持和保护、促进劳动力流动和农民的非农就业以及农村社会保障制度的建立和完善。 相似文献
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Numerous studies have found that income inequality reduces the chances of upward relative mobility (i.e., climbing up the income ladder). However, most of this work ignores the role played by institutional quality (namely, economic freedom) in determining mobility and increasing the individual's set of choices. We fill this gap by empirically testing the direct and indirect (through economic growth) impacts of economic freedom on intergenerational income mobility. We find that economic freedom has both direct and indirect effects on intergenerational income mobility, while income inequality is a strong predictor of downward income mobility. When we incorporate findings about the purely mechanical relationship between inequality and intergeneration income mobility, we find that the legal system and property rights component of economic freedom matters more than inequality. These results suggest that good institutions can increase intergenerational income mobility. 相似文献
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This paper ?rst examines the sources of growth in the Singapore economy by decomposing real per capita gross domestic product (GDP) growth into two components. It is found that, for the period 1974–1999, labor productivity was a signi?cant source of economic growth in Singapore. Conversely, the contribution of the rate of change in employment ratio was only of secondary importance. On further decomposition, the rate of change in employment ratio was due mainly to rate of change in population age‐structure ratio and rate of change in labor‐force participation rate. Growth patterns of the labor force were examined after it has been segregated according to gender, citizenship and age group independently. Labor productivity growth was highest in the transport, storage and communication sector, while labor productivity growth was lowest in the ?nancial, insurance, real estate and business services sector. 相似文献
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We compare the effects of migration on the production of public goods, on income taxes, and on the welfare of residents in the sending and receiving countries. Migration is driven by income differences between countries. Alternative wage adjustment scenarios are considered: fully flexible wages, upward rigidity, and unemployment. We show that in all scenarios, emigration is detrimental to welfare for the origin country. Migration improves welfare for the destination country in the presence of flexible wages and upward rigidity, but it has detrimental effects in the presence of unemployment. 相似文献
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基于江苏省1978～2009年经济增长率与收入差距面板数据,探讨了在不同经济发展水平下的收入差距与经济增长关系是否存在一致性问题。对江苏省收入差距与经济增长率数据经平滑处理后,运用江苏省、苏北、苏南通过面板协整分析,结果表明苏北地区的经济增长率与收入差距存在正相关的双向Granger因果关系,但是苏南地区的经济增长率与收入差距存在负相关的单向Granger因果关系。 相似文献
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Robert Z. Lawrence 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2020,28(2):3-17
For more than three decades the goal of becoming “the factory of the world” has been at the core of China's development strategy. This strategy, in combination with high rates of domestic investment and low rates of consumption, has made Chinese production the most manufacturing intensive in the world. But as its wages have risen, China's competitiveness in the most labor‐intensive manufacturing industries has eroded. Its ability to assemble products remains a major source of its exports, but it has also tried to shift toward more sophisticated value‐added production domestically. Chinese domestic spending has shifted away from investment toward consumption as citizens' income has grown. Like Americans, Chinese are also spending more on services than on manufactured goods. All of these changes are fundamentally altering the structure of China's production, reducing the role of manufacturing and increasing the skill levels of workers in manufacturing. This paper reviews the challenges posed by these developments for China's long‐term goal of achieving more inclusive growth. It presents evidence that the commonly held perceptions that Chinese manufacturing employment growth is robust are wrong. In fact, such growth has peaked and China is now following a pattern of structural change that is typical of a more mature emerging economy, in which the share of employment in manufacturing declines as workers are increasingly employed in services. 相似文献
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区域经济在国民经济体系中居于十分重要的战略地位,区域经济发展,是一个区域面临的重大经济问题和重大政治问题。如何选择适当的路径以保持区域经济的快速、健康和可持续发展,是我们面临的重大课题。本文从劳动力这一既平凡却又非常重要的基本生产要素的视角,提出根据不同区域的具体实际,从确保劳动力投入、提高劳动力素质、规范劳动力科学流动三个方面阐述区域经济增长的必由之路,提出人力资本已经成为区域经济发展的决定性因素。 相似文献