ERP成功实施的5个“P”

文章指出随着“企业信息化工程”的推行,信息技术在我国企业中越来越受到重视,文章通过分析企业实施ERP失败的多种原因,归纳提出了做好5项基础工作,即Process、People、Practice、Product、Partnership,确保企业成功实施ERP的观点。     

An empirical identification and categorisation of training best practices for ERP implementation projects

Although training is one of the most cited critical success factors in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems implementations, few empirical studies have attempted to examine the characteristics of management of the training process within ERP implementation projects. Based on the data gathered from a sample of 158 respondents across four stakeholder groups involved in ERP implementation projects, and using a mixed method design, we have assembled a derived set of training best practices. Results suggest that the categorised list of ERP training best practices can be used to better understand training activities in ERP implementation projects. Furthermore, the results reveal that the company size and location have an impact on the relevance of training best practices. This empirical study also highlights the need to investigate the role of informal workplace trainers in ERP training activities.     

CIOs' perspectives of critical success factors in ERP upgrade projects

Enterprise resource planning systems have required significant upgrades in the 21st century as many of the systems obtained prior to 2000 have become outdated due to vendor changes. SAP and Oracle have emerged as dominant vendors, and SAP has announced discontinuance of support in the future for its primary R/3 system. This study reports interviews with the chief information officers (CIOs) of 15 institutions that have undergone (or are undergoing) enterprise system upgrades, with focus on discussion of major critical success factors for ERP upgrade projects.     

Actors and structure in IS projects: What makes implementation happen?

Several “perspectives” are assumed to be required in order to reach a sufficient understanding of complex (implementation) processes. Three perspectives on implementation processes are derived from the literature: an administrative, a political and a network perspective. These reflect different assumptions about the nature and control of implementation processes. The implementation of a formalized project management system in a large computing centre is analysed from these three perspectives. The analyses yield different explanations of the implementation process, and may be regarded as supplementing each other. However, the rupture of the network perspective with the conception of structure and the structure–actor relation of the two other perspectives contests traditional, normative “project organization thinking”. The multi-perspective analysis indicates the potential of in-depth studies of implementation processes.     

The challenges of police-community collaboration: identity manoeuvres and power struggles in a neighbourhood based meeting

The turn to collaborative governance is a key feature of the New Public Governance environment in many Western economies. Within the UK, successive governments have mandated policing organizations to engage in public service partnerships and collaborate with communities. This paper examines one such collaborative arrangement, namely, neighbourhood public meetings. Drawing on a theoretical framing of the dynamic relationship between identities, agency and power, we critically explore how individuals seek to persuade, defend and legitimate their values, beliefs and practices in collaborative situations. The paper provides a nuanced exploration of the challenges of collaboration for both public servants and community members.     

ERP system implementation in SMEs: exploring the influences of the SME context

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Compared to large enterprises, SMEs differ in a number of inherent characteristics, which are likely to impact the ERP system implementations. The purpose of this study is to explore these influences of the SME context on the ERP system implementation process. SME characteristics are synthesised from relevant literature and the influences of the contextual factors on various activities across the ERP life cycle are investigated. The study presents findings from a multiple case study of four SMEs. The ownership type of the companies and limited resources were identified as the most influential contextual factors. Among the ERP life-cycle phases, the implementation phase was affected most by the SME context. The case studies also illustrate the need for a more nuanced view on what should be considered general characteristics of SMEs; for example, regarding the level of IS knowledge, business processes, and market characteristics.     

Understanding the practice of performance measurement in industrial collaboration: From design to implementation

This study focuses on the design and implementation of a performance measurement system (PMS) for industrial collaboration. This article provides insights from two case studies of industrial collaboration. The research aims to study the crucial characteristics of PMS design and implementation in industrial collaboration, in which multiple tiers, extending beyond the buyer-supplier dyad, are considered. Prerequisites and challenges are crucial characteristics that should be examined in the design and implementation of a PMS. The results indicate three main characteristics affect the design and implementation of a PMS in an industrial collaboration: 1) the importance of collaboration, 2) the importance of coordination and integrated information systems within the system implementation, and 3) the importance of acknowledging the impact of varied customer needs.     

电力企业会计管理中的ERP

文章从以往会计信息系统中存在的弊端引出实施ERP环境下的会计信息系统的必要性,并以电力企业为例探讨ERP环境下的会计信息系统的具体应用。     

Praxis urbaine: Notes on urban struggles in Italy

Cet article critique le point de vue avancé par certains groupes italiens, selon lequel la lutte urbaine se produirait dans un cadre distinct de celui des conflits au travail et possèderait un potentiel politique plus grand que ces derniers. La lutte urbaine a été au centre de la croissance du mouvement ouvrier dans l'Italie de l'après-guerre. L'article remonte ensuite aux racines historiques de ce phénomène et trouve une signification toute particulière dans la pérriode de la résistance anti-fasciste et dans la toute récente période historique. Cet exposé est illustré par une documentation d'actualité et par la discussion d'un grand éventail de cas de lutte urbaine. On y avance que le mouvement ouvrier (c'est à dire les partis officiels et les syndicats), ont donné à la lutte urbaine une perspective historique et une ampleur nationale, la transformant en un véritable mouvement et faisant d'elle le moteur de réformes.     

大型电厂长距离输水工程设计中的几个问题探讨

大型电厂长距离输水工程的设计对整个电厂的供水安全、使用寿命及工程投资均有较大影响,文章对工程输水方式、管材管径的确定及事故工况下水量的保证等问题进行了探讨,并提出了经济管径计算公式及事故工况下连通管保证率计算公式,供同类工程设计参考。     

The effects of national culture on ERP implementation: a study of Colombia and Switzerland

This research explores the effects of national culture, as understood by Hofstede's concepts of power distance, individualist/collectivist and uncertainty avoidance. The study is based on case studies of ERP implementation in Colombia and Switzerland and interviews and document analysis methods were employed. Evidence is found on the ways the three dimensions impact on ERP implementation. It is concluded that although the two countries differ markedly in each dimension, there was no evidence of specific individualist/collectivist effects. The implications of this are discussed.     

价值链模式下城市战略性项目的实施

基于价值链模式的评价视角,提出在城市战略性项目实施过程中建构和谐城市的控制模式,该模式既指城市发展目标和谐,也指发展过程和谐,进而提出生态域、社会域和时间域三大核心指标,以在共时性研究中推动趋优化发展,实现状态(结构、功能)和谐,在历时性研究中进行项目流程跟踪动态评价,实现过程(时间)和谐。     

From local consciousness to global change: asserting power at the local scale

The protests that took place at the World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle, Washington, in late 1999 (and the series of similar, subsequent protests around the globe) have marked a new phase in the struggle for social justice. One approach to understanding the demonstrations is to view the activists as protesting what they perceive to be their lack of control– over the conditions of their economies, environments, lives and communities. In association with such protests, discontent has also been manifest through the efforts of local–scale actors to confront a `spaceless and timeless globalization’ by pursuing strategies to assert power over local conditions at the local scale. Using the United States as an example, this article examines such local scale efforts in relation to international political economic changes and after–Fordist urban political restructuring. It explores three ways groups or individuals attempt to pursue local economic development within a liberal democratic capitalist system without compromising the equally important goals of justice and equity: (1) local ownership; (2) local regulation; and (3) local market development. The argument put forward in this article is that, while after–Fordist scalar restructuring represents a strategic effort by capital to gain power over and opportunity for capital accumulation, it may also present new opportunities for social justice activism at the local scale, provided local scale actors can develop and mobilize a consciousness of justice and a multi–scalar understanding of place, and can utilize the politics of scale by linking together similar projects across scalar divisions. Les manifestations qui ont eu lieu lors du sommet de l’Organisation du Commerce International à Seattle, celles de Washington fin 1999 (et l’ensemble des protestations similaires et ultérieures à travers le monde) ont marqué une nouvelle étape dans la lutte pour la justice sociale. On peut appréhender cette agitation en considérant que les activistes protestent contre ce qu’ils perçoivent comme leur absence de maîtrise (sur la situation de leurs économies, environnements, vies et communautés). Parallèlement, un mécontentement s’est exprimé par le biais d’acteurs de niveau local qui cherchaient à défier une ‘mondialisation sans bornes temporelles ni spatiales’ en manoevrant de façon à imposer un pouvoir sur la situation locale â l’échelle locale. A partir du cas des Etats–Unis, cet article étudie ces tentatives locales en function des évolutions politico–économiques internationals et de la restructuration de la politique urbaine de l’après–Fordisme. Il explore trois moyens utilisés par des groupes ou individus s’efforçant de mener à bien l’expansion économique locale au sein d’un sysème capitaliste démocratique libéral sans compromettre les objectifs de justice et d’équité, tout aussi importants, que sont propriété locale, régulation locale et développement du marché local. L’article suggère que si la restructuration d’échelle de l’après–Fordisme représente un effort stratégique du capital pour acquérir du pouvoir et une occasion d’accumuler du capital, elle peut aussi offrir de nouvelles possibilitiés pour un activisme de justice sociale au niveau local, sous réserve que les acteurs à l’échelon local puissent développer et mobiliser une prise de conscience en termes de justice et une comprehénsion du lieu à différentes échelles, et qu’ils puissent exploiter la politique des échelles en reliant les projets similaires appartenant à plusieurs d’entre elles.     

Organizational adaptation to disruptions in the natural environment: The case of climate change

Dynamic and intensified changes in the global ecosystem result in significant disruptions to the natural environment. One of the most prominent examples of this is climate change and the resulting natural disasters. As firms are embedded within the natural environment, they need to adapt to any environmental disruptions that transpire. Using Swiss and Austrian electric utilities as case studies, this paper empirically explores the underlying organizational capabilities necessary to enable adaptation to climate-related disruptions to a firm's resource supply, production processes, and product distribution. Through a case- and literature-based iterative process of analytical induction, three organizational capabilities are derived: climate knowledge absorption as an essential information generating and internalizing capability, climate-related operational flexibility as a short-term adjustment capability, and strategic climate integration as a long-term, innovation-focused capability.     

Firm's resilience to supply chain disruptions: Scale development and empirical examination

This paper expands our understanding of factors that contribute to development of firm resilience to supply chain disruptions. In doing so, we operationalize firm resilience to understand how supply chain disruption orientated firms can develop resilience to supply chain disruptions. We find that supply chain disruption orientation alone is not enough for a firm to develop resilience. Supply chain disruption oriented firms require the ability to reconfigure resources or have a risk management resource infrastructure to develop resilience. The way in which supply chain disruption oriented firms develop resilience through resource reconfiguration or risk management infrastructure depends on the context of the disruption as high impact or low impact. In a high impact disruption context, resource reconfiguration fully mediates the relationship between supply chain disruption orientation and firm resilience. In a low impact disruption context, supply chain disruption orientation and risk management infrastructure have a synergistic effect on developing firm resilience.     

The power of combinative capabilities: Facilitating the outcome of frequent innovation in pharmaceutical R&D projects

The purpose of this article is to investigate how organizations organize the early phases of research and development (R&D) projects in the pharmaceutical industry to achieve frequent innovation. The investigation was designed as a qualitative multiple case study. The analysis identified a standardized projectification of the preproject phases, leading to certain conflicts, such as a severe tension between dynamic, project, and multiproject capabilities, which hamper frequent innovation. Optimizing combinative capabilities to balance the capabilities triumvirate can provide powerful leverage and boost frequent innovation.     

模糊综合评判在ERP实施时机决策中的应用

文章研究了利用模糊数学方法,将模糊综合评判理论应用于对ERP实施时机决策,建立影响ERP实施的因素体系,构造隶属函数建立数学模型,通过数据处理与分析确定最佳ERP实施时机,克服了传统决策方法的种种弊端,对于ERP的实施时机决策提供了一条新的可行途径。     

奥运工程谱写时代壮歌——北京住总集团奥运工程建设侧记

随着第29届奥运会的临近,一座座拔地而起的奥运场馆,为古老的北京城增添了新的色彩。由北京住总集团承建的奥运曲棍球场和射箭场,更是色彩斑斓宏伟壮观。望着自己用心血浇筑的奥运场馆,建设者们不禁感慨万千。