American trade policy after the Kennedy Round

Not so long ago, Senator Dirksen, Republican, and his Democrat colleague, Senator Hartke, have placed before the US Senate a complete bunch of new restrictive bills on Imports, intending to cut all Imports by laying down reduced quotas. They were to shield all the branches of the US economy that have to compete keenly in the world's markets, against the impact of cheap foreign goods. These bills came not entirely surprising, as Immediately after the Kennedy Round a number of commentators were actuated by the fear lest the agreed tariff cuts should mobilise the protectionists in the US. INTERECONOMICS had occasion to talk about new problems of American trade policy with the Commercial Attaché Harris P. Dawson.     

Trade liberalisation round 1973

The GATT Minister Conference to be held in Tokyo from September 12 to 14 will be the prelude to a new round of international negotiations about further liberalisation of world trade. Preparatory work of some six years thus comes to its conclusion.     

United States concessions in the Kennedy Round and short-run labor adjustment costs

This paper reports on an econometric analysis of the exemptions awarded to United States industries from the across-the-board 50 percent tariff cut imposed in the Kennedy Round. It is shown that as much as 50 percent of the inter-industry variation in reductions in nominal tariff and non-tariff rates may be accounted for by variables that proxy labor adjustment costs. In particular, certain industrial characteristics are significantly related to the Kennedy Round reductions: declining industries, and industries with a high proportion of unskilled or old workers, are associated with low reductions.     

Preparations for the nixon round

The next round of GATT negotiations—the so-called “Nixon Round”—will be opened at the ministerial level in Tokyo on September 12–14, 1973, and probably continue for several years in Geneva. Less developed countries (LDCs) which have not joined GATT but nevertheless wish to participate in the negotiations are to be invited for the first time. UNCTAD and IMF will be among the most directly engaged observers.     

A new round of rescheduling?

The danger that the foreign indebtedness of developing countries will again come to a head has by no means been banished. Prof. Gutowski outlines proposals for concerted action by commercial banks, the World Bank and regional development banks which could help to prevent the outbreak of a new crisis.     

Perspectives of a new liberalisation round

The dollar crisis and the temporary import surcharge imposed by the Nixon Administration have awakened the free-enterprise world to the dangers of creeping protectionism. But what must now be done in order to secure trade liberalisation? The following articles deal with this very important question.     

Tokyo round tariff reductions and the less developed countries

This paper presents new evaluations of the multilateral trade negotiations from the perspectives of (1) the objectives established by GATT signatories in the Tokyo Declaration, and (2) the LDCs’ goals for the negotiations. It also attempts to resolve some of the controversy over the gains and losses which MFN tariff reductions would generate for LDC exports, some but not all of which receive preferential access to advanced-country markets. The analysis indicates that even minor improvements in tariff preferences would have been superior to or have compensated for MFN tariff cuts.     

United States concessions in the Kennedy Round and short-run labour adjustment costs: Further evidence

The intent of this article is to add further empirical evidence to the frequently espoused hypothesis that the decision-making process used by U.S. tariff negotiators is heavily weighted by their assessment of the likely labor displacement effects that trade liberalization may have on domestic interests. Using data on 477 workers displaced from six different industries the results demonstrate that industries with high labor adjustment costs received greater exceptions from the across-the-board tariff cut in the Kennedy Round of the Multilateral Trade Negotiations than industries with lower adjustment costs.     

Basic issues for a new GATT round

The most extensive tariff cuts in the history of GATT were completed with the fifth and final stage of the Kennedy Round. Tariffs on a volume of trade in excess of $ 40 bn have been reduced by an average of 50 p.c.     

Market integration and strike activity

We consider a two-country model of wage determination with private information in unionized, imperfectly competitive, industries. We investigate the effects of opening up markets to trade as well as of further market integration on the negotiated wage and the maximum delay in reaching an agreement. From an initial situation of two-way intra-industry trade, an increase in product market integration decreases the maximum delay in reaching an agreement. However, opening up markets to trade has an ambiguous effect on both the wage outcome and the maximum real delay time.     

钢板立筒仓锥斗环梁预埋件的制作与预理

通过多年的工作实践,总结了一种施工简便、经济实用、较为合理的施工办法。金属压型板筒仓具有施工周期短、自重轻、占地少、自动化程度高等优点。作为一种新型的现代化仓储设施,也被许多国家广泛采用。钢板仓按其结果可分为平底仓和锥底仓两大类型。其中锥底仓又因物料可自然下流、不需清仓设备等特点,应用就更为广泛。