对我国农村居民消费结构的变动分析

中国是一个发展中的农业大国,农村居民占全国总人口的比重较大。据国家统计局2010年的资料,居住在城镇的人口为665575306人,占49.68%;居住在乡村的人口为674149546人,占50.32%。农村居民是一个庞大的消费群体,是我国比较重要的一部分,所以对农村居民消费结构的研究有着非常重要的意义。关注农村居民消费,研究我国农村居民的消费结构,是为了改善我国农村居民的消费结构,提高农村居民的生活水平,促进经济、社会的发展。农村居民的消费结构是衡量农村居民生活水平的一个重要指标。农村居民的消费支出构成是衡量农民消费结构的重要指标。在通常情况下,是研究农村居民消费的各项生活消费占总消费支出的比重,它主要包括食物消费支出、居住消费支出、交通通讯支出、文教娱乐用品及服务支出和医疗保健支出。     

农村居民春节消费现象研究——以湖南省岳阳市为例

本文基于湖南省岳阳市3个县市农村的实地考察和问卷调查结果,反映了农村居民春节的消费和生活情况。当今农村居民春节消费和生活具有以下特征:传统的食物和服装消费比重下降;人情消费和娱乐消费日益增多;生产资料消费占比减少;赌博消费、人情消费以及迷信消费的现象比较严重。与此同时,农村的精神文明建设亟待提高,消费结构有待正确引导。     

城乡居民食物消费结构特征与差异——以北京为例

本文基于近似理想需求系统(Almost Ideal Demand System,AIDS)模型,对北京地区城镇与农村(城乡)居民六类食物消费结构进行了实证对比分析,并分别估算出北京城乡居民对各类食物需求的自身价格弹性、交叉价格弹性和支出弹性。结果表明:北京城乡居民消费结构具有差异性,其中,城镇居民更具有食物消费的现代化特征;城乡居民对六类食物的需求皆缺乏自身价格弹性;与城镇居民的交叉价格弹性相比,农村居民的非休闲类食物需求对休闲类食物价格的变化反映比较敏感;北京城乡居民对粮食、肉禽和蛋类皆缺乏支出弹性;城镇居民更重视休闲食物的消费,而农村居民更重视蔬菜的消费。     

基于对应分析的新疆各地州农村居民消费结构的实证研究

利用数理统计中对应分析的方法,研究了新疆各地州农村居民的消费偏好,得出结论:收入水平较高的阿勒泰、吐鲁番地区的农村居民偏好于医疗保健方面的消费;乌鲁木齐市和阿克苏地区的农村居民偏好于家庭设备、用品及服务方面的消费;伊犁州直属县市的农村居民偏好于居住方面的消费;收入水平较低的巴音郭楞蒙古自治州的农村居民偏好于衣着和食品方面的消费.收入水平决定农村居民的消费结构.提出转变消费观念,加强基础设施建设,增加农民收入,健全社会保障制度的促进农村居民进行合理消费的对策建议.     

基于ISM模型的我国农村居民消费影响因素分析

农村居民的消费是整个国内消费的重要组成部分,农村消费市场的繁荣发展,直接影响着整个国家经济的健康运行。为此,本文以我国农村居民消费影响因素中居民收入、物价水平、消费观念、生产发展、保障制度和消费政策为研究对象,建立农村居民消费水平影响因素的ISM模型,分析得出我国农村居民消费的直接影响因素和根本影响因素,并给出相应的建议和对策,为政府对农村居民消费的宏观调控提供了一定的借鉴。     

农村居民消费需求分析与政策建议

一、农村居民消费需求的效应分析 1．经济效应 我国大陆有13．39亿多人口,其中居住在农村的人口为6．74亿人,占大陆人口的50．32％。这一基本国情决定了农村消费需求与国民经济增长之间存在着内在、强劲的互动关系。随着城乡居民收入持续增长,农村居民收入增速快于城镇。如何扩大农村消费需求,启动农村市场,是买方经济条件下保证国民经济又好又快发展的关键。     

农村居民消费需求分析与政策建议

一、农村居民消费需求的效应分析1.经济效应我国大陆有13.39亿多人口,其中居住在农村的人口为6.74亿人,占大陆人口的50.32％.这一基本国情决定了农村消费需求与国民经济增长之间存在着内在、强劲的互动关系.随着城乡居民收入持续增长,农村居民收入增速快于城镇.如何扩大农村消费需求,启动农村市场,是买方经济条件下保证国民经济又好又快发展的关键.     

扩大贵州农村居民家电消费的思考

目前,贵州农村居民家电拥有量少、消费档次低,与城镇居民相比差距明显,城乡之间存在着巨大消费空档,对扩大内需、拉动经济增长十分不利。本文从贵州农村居民家电消费的现状出发,分析了制约其家电消费的因素,提出了扩大贵州农村居民家电消费的对策建议。     

中国农村居民消费含污量与变动因素——兼论环境恩格尔假说的检验北大核心

消费对经济增长的贡献不断增强并日益成为新常态,在农村居民消费能力提升的同时,适时转换消费模式,降低其对环境的损害是可持续性发展的应有之意。本文利用2002-2012年中国30省的投入产出表及延长表测算了农村居民消费含污量并利用SDA方法对其分解,结果表明,除固体废物外,中西部农村居民消费含污量高于东部地区且均呈下降趋势,其变化主要受消费规模正效应和污染排放强度负效应影响,同时也与居民收入呈反向变动关系,环境恩格尔假说成立。研究对于推动农村居民消费转型升级,提倡绿色消费以及促进经济可持续发展等都具有较好的政策含义。     

食物消费需求的动态分析——基于农村居民住户调查数据

论文利用2000、2009年中国农村居民住户调查数据,运用Engle模型和Working-Lesser模型两阶段法分析居民对粮食、蔬菜和肉类等12种主要食物的消费需求特征及其变化,并运用Tobit模型处理了零消费问题,减少了估计偏差。研究结果表明:收入对居民食物消费需求的影响都在逐渐变小,食物消费的地区差异也在缩小。然而,价格始终是影响居民食物消费的重要因素,尤其是粮食价格上涨会对低收入居民产生较大影响。今后,居民对动物性食品的需求增长较快,应重点增加肉类的生产以满足需求增长。     

发展农村消费信贷 开拓农村消费市场

农村消费信贷发展的严重滞后,是近几年来农村消费市场持续低迷的一个很重要的原因。深入分析农村消费信贷中存在的诸多问题,提出了从增加农民收入、积极推进农村信用社改革、加快农村基础设施建设和提高农民素质等几方面着手来发展农村消费信贷,振兴我国农村市场,实现农村可持续发展。     

Segments of sustainable food consumers: a literature review

Sustainable food consumption is an important aspect of sustainable development. When adopting a sustainable food lifestyle, consumers are confronted with complex choices. Today's food consumption is too complex to be explained by socio‐demographic factors exclusively. A broader perspective is needed. In order to explain behaviour across different consumer segments better, relatively homogenous segments of food consumers were identified by segmenting food consumers based on a wide range of variables. The current study aims to provide an overview of published studies that have segmented consumers with regard to sustainable food consumption. The literature review has been conducted by searching SciVerse Scopus for all relevant articles available until November 2010. The main criterion for including a specific study was the inclusion of empirical analyses of primary data, resulting in consumer segments with regard to sustainable food consumption. Sixteen articles were incorporated in the final analysis. First, the variables used for segmentation and profiling in the included articles have been categorized into three levels of abstraction: personality characteristics, food‐related lifestyles and behaviour. The three levels of abstraction proved to be helpful in categorizing the segmentation studies. The findings indicate that variables on all three levels were efficient in differentiating consumer segments regarding sustainability. In addition, the importance of price and health differed across the segments, although these variables are only indirectly related to sustainability. Second, the three most frequently identified consumer segments with regard to sustainable food consumption were: ‘greens’, ‘potential greens’ and ‘non‐greens’. These segments differed from one another on all three levels of abstraction. This implies that future segmentation studies should include variables on all levels of abstraction to get a complete picture of existing sustainable consumer segments. Marketers should be aware that targeting specific segments based on socio‐demographic variables exclusively is not sufficient. Personality characteristics, lifestyle and behaviour are all important to take into consideration. Attempts at stimulating sustainable consumption might be most effective when differences across consumer segments are taken into account. Future research is needed to explore the characteristics of different sustainable food consumer segments with respect to their potential contributions in promoting sustainable development.     

农村居民和谐消费模式构建及实现途径

基于我国农村居民人口总量庞大、消费水平较低的现状,农村居民实现和谐消费对我国现代化进程的加快发展有着重要的时代意义,对我国构建和实现和谐社会有着重要的促进作用,是农村居民收入和消费增长的关键。通过对农村居民和谐消费模式的探讨,充分考虑到经济社会发展中消费者与企业、社会文化以及生态环境之间的协同发展的基础和目标,构建起新时期农村居民合理的、可持续的和谐消费模式,为我国经济加速发展和社会整体和谐提供一定的理论参考。     

山东农村居民消费结构发展趋向研究

随着我国商品供求关系的转变,培育农村市场、开发农民消费需求成为学界和政府谋求城乡协调发展、构建和谐社会的焦点。深入分析农村居民的消费水平和消费结构的演变过程,对于正确认识农村居民消费需求的层次性变化规律、揭示消费市场的未来变化趋势,针对居民消费需求的变化情况合理调整产品结构,刺激经济的持续发展,具有重要的现实意义。通过例举现阶段山东省农村居民消费结构的变动,运用线性支出扩张模型及恩格尔一元线性回归模型,从边际分析、恩格尔系数分析和弹性分析三个方面,分析山东农村居民的消费结构,旨在提出提高农民消费需求的对策建议。     

黑龙江省农村居民消费结构分析

改革开放以来,伴随经济持续健康发展,新农村建设步伐的推进,黑龙江省农村居民人均纯收入不断提高,说明居民消费水平的恩格尔系数正呈普遍下降趋势。立足于农村居民消费结构的现状,采取定性和定量相结合的方法,分析当前农村居民消费结构中存在的主要问题及影响消费结构优化的主要因素。     

中国城乡居民消费持续低迷的心理因素分析

消费心理是消费需求的具体表现 ,又是消费行为的内在因素 ,同时居民消费行为将对经济运行产生一定的影响。城乡居民消费持续低迷固然是由多方面的原因造成的 ,其中心理因素发挥着重要的不容忽视的作用。了解、分析消费者心理 ,对正确地引导居民消费是十分必要的。     

Eating Sustainably? Practices and Background Factors of Ecological Food Consumption in Four Nordic Countries

This article examines sustainable food consumption in the Nordic context, studying to what extent people in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden have food consumption patterns that are in the current discourse promoted as sustainability enhancing. The article analyses the association of sustainable food consumption to attitudinal support for environmental policy measures, interest in cooking, and healthy eating practices as well as sociodemographic background factors. The comparison of four countries enables an analysis of the importance of the national context in sustainable food consumption. The study is based on data from a 2012 Nordic Web survey (N?=?8248). The results show that carrying out sustainable activities was not very widespread. Buying local food was the most popular, eating meat less often the most unpopular sustainable activity. The level of participation in sustainable practices varied across the four countries. Swedish respondents were the overall most active, Norwegians the least. However, results from analysis of variance (anova) indicated that the individual explanatory factors of sustainable food consumption were relatively similar in the four countries. Healthy eating patterns, interest in cooking, and supporting environmental policy measures were all positively correlated to sustainable food consumption. Women and the elderly were more active in sustainable practices than were men and the young. Education and occupational position played a role, too, but their effect was not totally systematic across countries. The findings suggest that sustainable food consumption is not a strongly socially stratified phenomenon, but it is related to other practices of eating regarded as “proper,” such as interest in cooking and healthy eating. Broader and more inclusive policies are needed to better engage people in sustainable activities.     

黑龙江垦区发展低碳经济探讨

低碳经济是人类社会继农业文明、工业文明之后的又一次重大进步。为转变经济发展方式,推进经济又好又快发展,黑龙江垦区应推行低碳生产、实行可持续的生产模式,做好相关政策配套工作,大力发展低碳农业,加大发展低碳食品加工业力度,发展低碳型城镇群,同时倡导低碳消费理念,实行可持续的消费模式。     

Marketing Sustainable Consumption within Stores: A Case Study of the UK's Leading Food Retailers

Sustainable consumption is a core policy objective within the UK Government's Sustainable Development Strategy and there is a growing awareness that retailers have a vital role to play in promoting more sustainable patterns of consumption. This article explores how the UK's top ten food retailers are communicating sustainable consumption agendas to their customers within stores in the towns of Cheltenham and Gloucester. The findings reveal that while these retailers are providing customers with some information on sustainable consumption the dominant thrust of marketing communication within stores is designed to encourage consumption. The article concludes with some reflections on how sustainable consumption fits into the large food retailers' business models.     

Rural families food intake behaviour in relation to livelihood diversification,income differences and family size

The livelihood diversification significantly contributes to the family income having effect on food varieties' consumption in rural families of different sizes. This study investigated the food intake differences among rural families considering different income levels and family sizes. Moreover, barriers faced by the rural families to increase the consumption of food varieties were also analysed. A total of 200 rural families were selected through multistage purposive and random sampling techniques in the Punjab province of Pakistan and were directly interviewed and categorized first into low and high livelihood diversified families. The food groups were derived by assigning individual food to conventional food group taxonomies, and two‐way ANOVA (4 (income groups) × 3 (family size groups) was separately conducted for low and high livelihood diversified families. The income instability, prices of food items, market distance and storage were perceived as barriers for increasing food consumption. The high livelihood diversified families significantly and regularly consumed more food items than low diversified families. The rural households both in low and high livelihood diversified family categories having low income and high family size consumed less expensive food items. The regular consumption of fruits, bakery products, and livestock and dairy items was greatly associated with high income and small family size. One of the most remarkable findings of the multivariate multiple regression model was the households belonging to the lowest income group were significantly lowering the consumption of livestock and dairy food items as the family size increased from small to large family size. The interaction effect was highly associated with per capita income because the consumption of food items increased with the rise in income irrespective of the family size. However, family size groups showed different patterns of food intakes with different income levels. Government agencies should assist rural households to diversify their income portfolios for better nutrition.