Ragnar Frisch: Econometrics and the Political Economy of Planning

A bstract . Ragnar Frisch's main contributions are in the field of econometrics. This paper discusses Frisch's contribution to the political economy of planning. It argues that although planning was not a special feature of classical political economy , Frisch nonetheless shared in the broader social and moral aspirations of political economy; for Frisch, these were the ultimate objectives of planning. To this end the paper discusses Frisch's approach to the formalization of society's preferences. This approach involves an interactive mechanism in which politicians and technical experts participate. Against the political economy aspirations of Frisch, some behavioral shortcomings of his framework are briefly discussed.     

The political economy of international trade and factor mobility

Abstract. Free trade in goods and factors is efficient. When we move away from economic theory and consider the policies actually followed by governments, we observe distortions being implemented both on goods and factors trades. It is natural then to question the relative merits of the two types of intervention, and the normative literature has provided only partial answers. We ask then why is the international flow of goods and factors not free, and the political economy literature has looked at the two issues only separately. In studying the determination of trade policy, a theoretical paradigm has emerged, focusing on the role of influence driven contributions. This approach has also found strong empirical support. The literature on the political economy of factor mobility, on the other hand, is fragmented. Distortions in labor and capital flows are typically the subject of different studies, and only recently a unified framework has been proposed. More work has to be done in this area as well as in integrating the political economy of trade and factor movements.     

PRIVATIZATION AND EFFICIENCY: FROM PRINCIPALS AND AGENTS TO POLITICAL ECONOMY

Abstract.  We survey the theoretical literature on privatization and efficiency by tracing its evolution from the applications of agency theory to recent contributions in the field of political economy. The former extend the theory of regulation with incomplete information to address privatization issues, comparing state-owned enterprises with private regulated firms. The benefits of privatization may derive either from the constraints it places on malevolent agents or from the impossibility of commitment by a benevolent government because of incomplete contracts. Contributions dealing with political economy issues separate privatization from restructuring decisions. They either explore bargaining between managers and politicians or analyse the impact of privatization shaped by political preferences on efficiency. The theoretical results regarding the relation between privatization and efficiency do not lead to any definitive conclusion. Privatization may increase productive efficiency when restructuring takes place whereas its effects on allocative efficiency still remain uncertain.     

新民主主义革命时期中国共产党国家审计思想的政治经济学分析

新民主主义革命时期党的国家审计思想是中国共产党在运用马克思主义政治经济学分析根据地审计实践过程中形成的经验总结,是中国共产党百年审计思想史的重要组成部分。在理论上认识和阐述新民主主义革命时期中国共产党国家审计思想的理论依据,总结国家审计思想的理论创新,不仅是当前国家审计理论研究的重要任务,也是构建中国特色社会主义政治经济学理论体系的重要任务。马克思主义政治经济学关于国家、财政与监督的理论是中国共产党国家审计思想的基本理论依据。基于马克思主义政治经济学的理论基础,中国共产党从中国实际出发,在战争中艰难探索,努力实现国家审计思想的理论创新。新民主主义革命时期党的国家审计思想的理论创新涵盖四个维度：一是坚持马克思主义政治经济学的理论基础,二是坚持党领导审计监督工作的政治基础,三是坚持审计监督为人民服务的群众基础,四是坚持新民主主义道路的审计实践基础。     

知识经济下普通高校学生思想政治教育探索

知识经济的发展,对整个社会的政治、经济、文化产生了深刻的影响,同时也对我国普通高校思想政治教育带来巨大的冲击和挑战。作为以大学生为教育对象的高校思想政治教育工作必须跟上知识经济时代的发展,步入新的发展阶段。文中就知识经济时代高校如何开展学生思想政治工作进行了探索。     

Neither Romance Nor Regulation: Re‐evaluating Community

As the realm of the community has grown increasingly important in the contemporary political economy, the theoretical debates surrounding community have also grown in importance and volume. Too often this literature has been either celebratory or dismissive; either romanticizing the concept and thereby elevating it to primary rank as the focal point of societal initiatives, or objecting to its regulated limits and contradictions and thereby dismissing its importance and political utility. There are important contributions being made by both those who dismiss community and those who celebrate it. But for those interested in understanding the potential for emancipatory social change in the contemporary political economy of neoliberalism there are also severe limitations imposed by these perspectives. After critiquing these literatures and debates, we put forward an understanding of community that is neither dismissive nor celebratory, but instead argues that communities need to be understood as simultaneously products of both their larger, and largely external, contexts, and the practices, organizations and relations that take place within them. Thus, communities, because of their central place in capitalist political economies, can be vital arenas for social change. But they are also arenas that are constrained in their capacities to host such efforts.     

浅谈企业思想政治工作的创新

在建立社会主义市场经济体制过程中，企业思想政治工作面临许多新情况、新特点、新问题。因此，明确新形势下企业思想政治工作思路，积极探索新形势下企业思想政治工作的路子是摆在我们面前的新课题.     

论思想政治教育在社会主义市场经济下的社会管理作用

社会主义市场经济条件下，思想政治教育工作是一项系统、复杂的工程。充分发挥思想政治教育工作优势，不仅可以为社会主义市场经济提供精神支撑，而且能够促进“三个文明”与和谐社会协调发展。同对，市场经济的发展、和谐社会的构建，又为推动思想政治教育工作提供了新的思维空间。     

Introduction: Towards a Political Understanding of New Ruins

This debate section gathers together contributions from cultural historians, political geographers, urban sociologists and architectural writers on new forms of ruination in contemporary landscapes. Their case studies span examples of ruins in China, North America, Ireland and Ukraine, as well as reviewing cultural representations of ruined, remote and peripheral spaces in England and Greece. Many wider cultural representations of ruined landscapes are primarily visual; whilst these have great value in alerting wider publics to the debris of global capitalism, neoliberalism and state‐sanctioned processes of cultural imperialism, what is needed within academic contributions to the ruinology literature is a deeper understanding and articulation of the wider contexts within which ruination occurs. Therefore, several contributions supplement visual representations of ruination with ethnographic and first‐person accounts of places on the ground, whereas other contributions offer readings of ruined landscapes that are rich in political histories and policy details. Connections are made to wider contemporary debates around ‘forensic architecture’ and critical archaeologies of the present and recent past. What connects these contributions is a commitment to situating ruins within their historical, policy and social contexts, and working through ruination to open out political readings of landscape.     

加强基层思想政治工作 努力构建和谐企业

随着社会经济高速发展,石油石化企业改革和发展也不断深化,企业基层思想政治工作面临着许多新情况和新问题。本文主要围绕加强基层思想政治工作,努力构建和谐企业进行了详细的探讨。     

CAPITALISM,SOCIALISM AND CALCULATION

The merits and demerits of what we call ‘capitalism’ have been a source of much attention since Adam Smith wrote his seminal treatise on the salutary effects of free commerce and before. We consider the criticisms of the capitalist system as stated most prominently by Karl Marx, and we evaluate Marx's proposed solution to the evils of capitalism – specifically, socialism. We also explore the contributions of Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek to the debate about whether Marx's proposed alternative was really an alternative. Mises and Hayek provide powerful critiques of Marx's socialist vision by addressing the problem of economic calculation and the inability of central authorities to acquire knowledge diffused and distributed across an entire society. We question whether Marx offered a solution and then consider more recent attacks on capitalism and its alleged destruction of cultural capital. The theoretical contributions of Mises and Hayek are supported by recent empirical contributions suggesting that liberal political economy is robust.     

Against the New Economic Imperialism: Some Reflections

Classical political economy recognised that what needed analysing, explaining, and acting on was an economic system inextricably linked to the wider political and social systems. Smith and Ricardo, as well as Marx, saw class and the distribution of income as key. Neoclassical economics replaced these social and collective categories with the individual consumer and the marginal product of labour as the fundamental analytical categories—the "political" having been discarded. Yet even one of the founders of neoclassical economics, Alfred Marshall, would barely recognise nor accept what is today presented as economic analysis, ignoring as it does the key industrial and organisational detail underlying production. The "new political economy" claims to incorporate insights from other disciplines. But far from enriching economic analysis, these new strands of theory simply impose the assumptions and methods of neoclassical economics. We argue that this new economic imperialism needs to be replaced with a genuinely multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach to analysing economic issues.     

公路养护管理站职工思想政治教育方式的思考

公路养护管理站是公路行业的细胞,其职工思想政治教育效果直接关系公路部门能否当好国民经济发展的先行官。在新的形势、新的任务和新的挑战面前,如何解放思想、更新观念、与时俱进,在继承和发扬思想政治工作优良传统的基础上,努力创新思想政治教育方式,更加贴近实际、贴近群众、贴近生活地开展公路养护管理站职工思想政治教育工作,是基层公路政工干部的重要课题。     

网络时代开展学生思想政治工作的思考与探索

网络伴随着知识经济的浪潮,给人们的生活方式和生产方式带来了变革性的影响。如何做好大学生的思想政治教育工作,利用新形式,开拓新领域,取得新成效。是高校每一个从事思想政治教育的工作者应高度重视和认真思考、探讨的问题。     

China's Urban Speed Machine: The Politics of Speed and Time in a Period of Rapid Urban Growth

China's urban transformation since 1978 is notable for both its scale and speed. Focusing on the dimension of speed, we propose the concept of the ‘urban speed machine’ to assess its role in shaping the politics and political economy of Chinese urbanization. We argue that in China speed must not be understood merely by means of measurable outcomes of change, but rather that speed is an essential and vital element embedded within China's specific processes and mechanisms driving urban growth. In this sense, speed is constantly at the forefront of local cadres’ considerations, since moving fast to achieve urban growth is an expression of political imperatives and pervasive city‐based accumulation strategies. The Chinese urban speed machine, as we conceive it, mainly involves three state‐dominated institutional arenas: the Communist party's personnel review system, the planning mechanism and local finance. We also discuss regional variability vis‐à‐vis the nature of speed in urbanization and in the differing responses to problems of fast‐city growth in recent years. This article's core contributions are to clarify the paramount importance of speed in the political economy of urban growth and illuminate a relational understanding of the politics of speed in China's urban change.     

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF FISCAL DEFICITS: A SURVEY

Abstract This paper surveys recent literature, both theoretical and empirical, regarding political explanations for fiscal deficits. Political economy suggests conflicts of interest may lie behind the emergence of deficits: (1) Opportunistic politicians generate deficits to win elections, even in conflict with general welfare; (2) Conflicts of interests between politicians’ partisan preferences create incentives for (at least some) incumbents to run deficits and (3) Conflicts of interest between different social groups or regions generate tensions in the allocation of government resources leading to overspending. This paper reviews these different strands of the literature. It also covers contributions that highlight the crucial role of budget institutions in determining the extent to which the political motivations to generate deficits are indeed translated into poor fiscal outcomes. Promising avenues for future research are highlighted.     

谈社会主义市场经济下企业政工队伍的建设

在社会主义市场经济不断发展的过程中,企业的思想政治工作也将面临一些新的挑战,企业需要不断对思想政治工作的手段和理念进行创新,深化改革,加强企业政工队伍的建设。     

新形势下做好国有企业新员工思想政治工作的研究探讨

随着市场经济的不断发展和国有企业改革的不断深入,如何做好国有企业新员工的思想政治工作,使新员工认清形势,积极工作,担当作为,创造自我人生价值,推动企业发展,实现个人与企业双赢是当前新形势下国有企业思想政治工作的新课题。     

价值多元化社会企业群众思想政治工作初探

在社会主义市场经济的新形势下,企业经营发展模式发生了根本性变化,职工价值观念多元化,利益分配多样化,各种矛盾复杂化,使企业思想政治工作面临着新的任务和新的挑战。面对新任务、新挑战,企业的思想政治工作需要与时俱进,进行新的探索和实践。     

谈思想政治工作载体必须与时俱进

思想政治工作是我们党的优良传统和政治优势。在建设有中国特色社会主义市场经济的新形势下,思想政治工作的载体必须与时俱进,才能起到鼓舞、引导、激发人们内在动力的作用,才会有凝聚力、战斗力、感染力和穿透力。