虚拟资本市场发展对货币政策效果冲击的理论分析

虚拟资本市场发展对货币政策的冲击效应在实践中表现得愈来愈明显,突出体现在六个方面:一是虚拟资本市场发展延缓了货币政策传导的时滞;二是虚拟资本市场发展削弱了中央银行货币发行的垄断权;三是虚拟资本市场发展降低了货币供求的稳定性;四是虚拟资本市场发展打破了货币供应量增长与物价间的稳定联系;五是虚拟资本市场发展增大了货币政策效果的不可预期性;六是虚拟资本市场发展使货币政策的利率调控效果受到影响.因此,货币当局在货币政策操作时不得不将虚拟资本市场的发展状况作为一个因素予以考虑.     

中国货币迷失的演化及经验证据

根据货币迷失假说,构建中国货币迷失的演化模型,运用中国1990-2004年的统计数据在模型中实证分析中国货币迷失的演化轨迹。分析表明,今后可预期的一段时间内,中国的货币迷失率将逐步走低。     

基于金融稳定的货币政策框架修正研究

文章构造了一个四期二叉树模型,对货币稳定和金融稳定的关系进行了分析,发现仅以维护货币稳定为目标的货币政策无法同时实现金融稳定。基于此,文章对货币政策框架进行了修正,将货币稳定和金融稳定纳入统一的货币政策框架予以考察,并对我国货币政策的实践进行了实证分析。VAR检验结果表明,银行信贷增长率和房地产价格指数都是我国货币政策应当关注的金融稳定指标。货币政策应根据金融稳定指标进行逆周期调控,调控重点是金融稳定指标预期,而非稳定指标本身。     

货币政策前瞻性指引有助于稳定经济——基于预期视角的数量分析

预期在广义虚拟经济中处于重要地位,是经济活动的主要驱动力之一,而货币政策前瞻性指引即是通过引导公众形成对货币政策的预期以达到维护经济稳定的目的。本文在新凯恩斯动态随机一般均衡模型框架下,运用贝叶斯方法,从预期的角度研究我国货币政策前瞻性指引需针对的主要经济目标及预期冲击影响宏观经济的数量特征。研究发现,货币政策预期冲击的短期效应更强;货币政策预期冲击对通胀的影响显著,其次是对就业的影响,对产出、消费、投资和资本的影响相对较小;通胀与产出、消费、投资和资本同方向波动。实行货币政策前瞻性应主要针对通胀和就业目标,引导公众形成可预期的货币政策环境有助于维护宏观经济的稳定。     

中国实践中货币政策有效性研究综述

本文从中国货币政策实践的角度论述了货币政策的有效性,分别是反金融危机,适度宽松的货币政策效果非常显著,中国经济率先复苏;经济复苏后,管理通胀为主的稳健货币政策以保持价格水平稳定和改革开放以来增发货币对中国的贡献.并充分肯定货币政策在宏观调控中的作用:1.与传统凯恩斯主义相反,货币政策对付衰退作用明显:即使短期利率水平接近于零,货币政策也能有效地刺激经济;2.货币政策是保持价格水平稳定的重要工具.货币政策的重要目标是避免非预期的价格水平波动,因此保持价格水平的稳定应当是货币政策的长期目标;3.货币增长率增加,能提高政府实际收入,增加政府支出.     

股票市场发展对货币政策的影响研究

伴随着我国股票市场的发展,货币需求已不再相对稳定;货币供给结构和数量已发生变化;货币政策传导更趋复杂;货币供应量与实际经济变量失去了稳定的联系;货币数量不再简单地与物价和收入呈比例关系。就中国股票市场的发展对货币政策的影响进行定性分析,着重分析财富效应对货币政策传导的影响,得出现阶段我国货币政策应关注股票市场发展,但不应完全依据股票市场的发展。     

基于资产价格影响的货币政策非对称性效应研究

利用NK-SVAR模型就我国货币政策的非对称性效应进行研究,结果表明,紧缩性货币政策的效果比较明显,而扩张性货币政策效果较弱.货币冲击的紧缩效应强于扩张效应,这表明抑制经济的过快增长时紧缩性的货币政策效果显著,但扩张性货币政策无法摆脱经济的恶性衰退.     

我国财政货币政策为什么要协调配合:一个完全信息条件下的财政货币政策博弈模型

本文是对诺德豪斯(Nordhaus)模型(1994)的发展。与国内绝大部分文献IS-LM框架下的传统分析方法不同,本文通过构建一个“财政-货币”博弈模型证明了财政货币政策协调配合对于改进社会福利的重要性。无论是“囚徒困境”中过高的财政赤字和过低的货币发行量,还是“财政领导”时短期内的恶化,都不利于宏观经济稳定。针对这一现象,政策建议是建立财政货币政策协调委员会,以实现财政货币政策的协调配合。     

货币政策调控房地产市场的信贷渠道与汇率渠道研究

本文从货币政策传导机制的信贷渠道与汇率渠道方面入手,构建我国货币政策影响房地产市场的政策因素模型,从而探讨货币政策调控工具对我国房地产市场的具体影响途径与效果。实证研究表明,我国2005年之后房价的持续上升与货币供应量、个人按揭贷款额度和汇率三者有一定关系。从长期来看,我国房地产市场景气程度与货币供应量、个人按揭贷款额和汇率长期存在稳定关系且呈正向变动。     

中国经济开放度与货币政策有效性研究

在Hau(2000)模型中引入工资交错调整和交易成本假设,以此构建开放经济条件下货币政策有效性分析基础模型,并通过一般均衡分析后发现,经济开放对货币政策的最终目标——价格稳定和产出增长都会产生影响。贸易开放程度和金融开放程度的加深,将增强货币供给对短期汇率调整的影响;而经济开放度的加深,虽然在短期内会削弱货币政策对产出的影响,但从长期来看,将会对产出调整起积极作用。同时,运用校准法模拟分析后发现,随着我国经济开放度的提高,货币政策调节短期消费和产出的能力将会下降,特别是宽松的货币政策将更多地表现在汇率波动上。     

基于SVAR模型的货币政策传导效果研究

利用2004年1月至2011年3月中国大陆31个省(自治区、直辖市)的月度数据,建立结构向量自回归模型,利用脉冲响应函数,对我国货币政策的省际传导渠道和传导效果进行实证研究。结果表明:我国货币政策的传导效果——无论从政策工具到中介目标,还是从中介目标到实体经济,都存在明显的省际差异。依据实证结果,从稳物价、促增长和缩小地区间差距等方面,对构建差别化货币政策的实施体系提出建议。     

Collateral and growth cycles with heterogeneous agents

We investigate the effects of collateral and monetary policy on economic growth within a Ramsey equilibrium model where agents have different discount factors. Introducing liquidity constraints in segmented markets where (poor) impatient agents without collateral have limited access to credit, we study their implications in terms of welfare and business cycles (based on deterministic cycles through bifurcations and self-fulfilling prophecies). We find that an accommodative monetary policy may be growth-enhancing and welfare-improving (through the inequality reduction) while making unpleasant fluctuations more likely. Conversely, a regulation reinforcing the role of collateral and tempering the financial market imperfections may stimulate the economic growth while pursuing the goal of stabilization.     

央票交易的货币政策传导效应研究 ——基于中国31个省级面板数据的PVAR模型检验

央票是一种有中国特色的公开市场操作手段，但是，它的传导效应特别是它的区域传导效果有待验证。本文基于中国大陆31个省、自治区、直辖市的面板数据，使用PVAR方法对2003年4月至2012年6月中国央票交易的货币政策传导效应进行了研究。得到的结论是：在我国，从央票操作到市场利率与货币供应量，再到经济产出与物价水平波动的货币政策传导路径确实存在；但是在发达地区、次发达地区与不发达地区，传导效果存在差异。当局应当在央票交易的货币政策之外，配套实施其他的宏观调控政策，才能有效消除地区不平衡，促进经济的共同发展。     

Optimal simple rules for the conduct of monetary and fiscal policy

Stabilization policy involves joint monetary and fiscal rules. We develop a model enabling us to characterize systematic simple monetary and fiscal policy over the business cycle. We principally focus on the following question. What are the key properties of the joint simple rule governing the conduct of systematic stabilization policy? We find that conducting stabilization policy incorporates not only a set of monetary policy choices governed by the so-called ‘Taylor principle’ but also fiscal policy that gives considerable force to automatic stabilizers. Recent US and UK monetary and fiscal choices seem broadly consistent with this model. This result is found to be robust to a number of alternate modeling strategies.     

货币政策对住宅商品房价格影响的区域差异——来自我国31省份的证据

我国房地产市场的发展演进与我国宏观经济走向有着密切的关系。由于我国不同地区间经济发展水平各异，经济运行特点有别，我国区域住宅商品房市场价格与宏观经济的联动关系以及对货币政策的反应效力均呈现出了明显差异。本文根据我国31省份的相关宏观数据，通过VAR/PVAR模型及统计学方法，研究发现了能够解释各区域住宅商品房价格趋势被持续维持的“正螺旋反馈机制”及货币政策的时滞效应。基于此，可将全国各省份的住宅商品房价格趋势的形成类型划分为货币政策主导型、经济增长主导型、混合主导型与房地产主导型。     

Asymmetric effects of monetary policy shocks on economic performance: empirical evidence from Turkey

This study investigates the asymmetric effects of monetary policy shocks on the macroeconomic variables of exchange rate, output and inflation for an emerging economy ? Turkey ? by using monthly data between 1990 and 2014. We employ the innovative nonlinear vector autoregressive model of Kilian and Vigfusson (2011), which allows us to observe the effect of different stances (tight or loose) and different sizes (small or large) of monetary policy actions. Our empirical evidence reveals that tight monetary policy, which, in this case, is captured with a positive shock to interest rate, decreases exchange rate, output and prices, as economic theory suggests. Loose monetary policy, which is captured with a negative shock to interest rate, has the opposite effect on these variables. However, the effects of loose monetary policy are weaker than the effects of tight monetary policy because loose monetary policy shocks are less effective than tight monetary policy shocks. Moreover, as the magnitude of a shock increases, the difference between the effects of tight and loose monetary policy policies also increases.     

MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY EFFICIENCY AND COORDINATION IN A MULTI‐SECTOR OPEN‐ECONOMY GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL

The paper analyzes monetary and fiscal stabilization and coordination in a multi‐sector stochastic new open economy macroeconomics (NOEM) model. It first aims to assess the capacity of fiscal and monetary policy to reduce or eliminate the negative welfare effects of an unanticipated productivity shock affecting some or all of the sectors in each country. Second, it evaluates the possible gains from international monetary cooperation as well as the impact of active fiscal policy on the welfare performance of monetary policy. The setup also allows for international asymmetry concerning the uncertainty over the shocks. The results show that monetary and fiscal policies are efficient tools of stabilization and under several conditions they can replicate the flexible‐price equilibrium. However, their welfare performance is not necessarily increased when both monetary and fiscal policies react to shocks at the national level. The existence of bilateral gains from monetary cooperation depends on the degree of asymmetry concerning the uncertainty over the shocks.     

Hysteresis in Potential Output and Monetary Policy

We show that actively stabilizing economic activity plays a more prominent role in the conduct of monetary policy when potential output is subject to hysteresis. We augment a basic New Keynesian model by hysteresis in potential output and contrast simulation outcomes of this extended model to the standard model. We find that considering hysteresis allows for a more realistic amplification of macroeconomic shocks and persistent movements in output after monetary shocks. Our central policy implication of active output gap stabilization arises from stability analyses and welfare considerations.     

Monetary and Fiscal Stabilization of Demand Shocks Within Europe

This paper examines alternative macroeconomic stabilization rules for demand shocks, for a single open economy, and for an integrated European region. These questions are tackled in two ways. First a very simple macroeconomic model is used to focus on intercountry interconnections. Then the effects of shocks are simulated using the McKibbin Sachs MSG2 global economic model. The theoretical model analyzes just how much larger the disturbances caused by asymmetric shocks might be in a European Monetary Union, as compared with outcomes under floating exchange rates, especially (1) if rigid central monitoring and discipline of the fiscal policy prevents the full operation of the inbuilt fiscal stabilizers within individual European countries, and (2) if European monetary policy does not concern itself with fully European objectives. Simulations with the MSG2 model bear out the significance of these risks. They show that a demand shock like GEMU can have strongly negative effects on output in other European countries if either interest rates are raised to counter the demand shock in the originating country, or if, for some reason, fiscal stabilization is not allowed to be as strong as the inbuilt fiscal stabilizers.