融资融券对企业全要素生产率影响的研究——来自我国上市公司的实证研究

本文以我国上市公司企业为样本,研究了融资融券对企业全要素生产率的影响.实证结果显示,企业进入融资融券标的名单后,其全要素生产率得到显著上升,表明融资融券作为企业外部治理机制,显著提高了企业全要素生产率.进一步研究表明,融资融券机制对非国有企业、高科技企业和资金约束较小的企业的生产率的促进作用较大,并通过对融资机制和融券机制的区分研究,显示两种机制均促进了企业生产率的提高.研究结果说明了融资融券机制会改善企业内部信息不对称,加强资本市场对企业的监督,从而提升其全要素生产率.     

The extensive and intensive margins of Spanish trade

Recent empirical research highlights that differences in trade flows across countries, products and years are governed by two margins: the intensive margin and the extensive margin. The analysis of the relative contribution of each margin is very important to determine which policies can be more efficient to foster trade at the aggregate, geographic, product or firm level. We use the whole universe of firm level transaction data to analyse the relative contribution of these margins to changes in Spanish trade flows during the 1997–2007 period. We first apply the methodology proposed by Bernard et al. (2009 Bernard, A.B., Jensen, J.B., Redding, S.J. and Schott, P.K. 2009. The margins of US trade. American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings, 99(2): 487–93. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]) to decompose trade variation over time into three components: net entry of firms, product-country switching and value growth by regular trading firms. The first two components correspond to the extensive margin and the last one refers to the intensive margin. We find that short-run changes in exports and imports are governed by firms’ intensive margin; however, in the long-run, both the extensive and the intensive margins are equally important to foster trade. We also examine the importance of the trade margins at the cross-sectional level for the year 2007. We find that large differences in the Spanish trade flows across countries and products, especially in the case of exports, are explained by the number of firms that participate in trade, which is consistent with the fact that the number of trading partners decline significantly with distance.     

The new goods margin in new markets

We analyze the role of the new goods margin in the Baltic countries’ exports and imports growth during the 1995–2008 period. Using the methodology developed in Kehoe and Ruhl (2013), we define the set of least-traded goods as those that account for the lowest 10% of total exports and imports in 1995, and then trace its growth in several markets including the Baltics’ main trade partners, the European Union and Russia. We find that, on average, by 2008 least-traded goods accounted for nearly 50% of total Baltic exports to their main trade partners. Moreover, we find that increases in the share of least-traded exports coincided with the timing of the trade liberalization reforms implemented by the Baltic countries. Least-traded imports also grew at robust rates, but their growth was lower than that of exports, accounting for slightly less than a quarter of total imports, that is, about half of the exports value. Moreover, we find that the shares of least-traded imports from the EU 15 and from Russia started diverging around the time the Baltic countries joined the EU, with the EU 15 share increasing and the Russian one declining. We also find that the Baltics’ share of least-traded exports outpaced that of other economies in Central and Eastern Europe. Finally, exports of new goods from the Baltic countries suffered noticeably during the Global Financial Crisis. After the crisis ended, the restart in new goods exports growth displayed mixed patterns.     

Krishna Bharadwaj's “Return to Classical Theory”: an attempt towards an archaeological reconstruction

Abstract

In the wake of Sraffa's ‘return to classical theory’, Krishna Bharadwaj undertook a critical reassessment of Marshall's claim to continuity with classical theory in general and Ricardo's ‘intensive margin’ in particular. Her analysis is based on an analytical separation between two distinct ways of economic reasoning: the ‘surplus based’ and the ‘demand and supply based’ theories. Calling it an ‘archaeological reconstruction’ of the history of economic theories, I will examine how such an interpretation of theoretical shifts clarifies both the presuppositions behind analysing at the ‘margin’, and hence its radical departure from the conceptual content of the classical theory.     

房价上涨挤压了我国企业的出口能量吗？

房价过快上涨会对整个社会经济带来全方位的影响。学术界和政府决策者虽然都已经认识到了房价上涨对生产性投资、企业创新、企业家行为和企业融资的影响,但对房价上涨与企业出口之间的内在关联却没有加以足够重视。那么,房价上涨与企业出口表现之间的关系又如何呢？文章利用35个大中城市的出口企业数据,运用 Heckman两阶段模型估计房价上涨对企业出口表现的影响。结果发现：（1）房价上涨增加了企业出口数量,但不利于出口产品种类的增加、技术复杂度的提升以及出口市场的拓展,总体上降低了企业出口金额;（2）房价上涨对不同类型企业具有异质性影响,其对中小企业、民营企业和加工贸易企业的负面影响更为突出;（3）房价上涨影响企业出口的内在机制是,房价上涨通过影响企业用工成本、融资约束、研发投入和劳动力流动性挤压了企业的出口能量。文章为我们更加全面地认识房价上涨的社会影响提供了启示,也为政府应对当下的企业出口困境提供了借鉴。     

Up the Proverbial Creek without a Paddle: Accounting for Variable Participant Skill Levels in Recreational Demand Modelling

We adapt the standard random utility model to take account of the heterogeneity of recreational preferences by using what we call a “skilled-based conditional logit framework”. By separating out our sample of whitewater kayakers into two exogenously identifiable groups (based on their skill level) and running separate conditional logits for each group we are able to take account of the fact that kayakers of different skill levels are looking for different characteristics from the whitewater site they choose to visit. We find that not taking into account the differences in the skill of the kayakers and the grade of the river will result in an overestimation of the welfare estimates associated with improvements to lower grade whitewater sites (which are frequented by basic/intermediated proficiency level kayakers) and underestimating welfare estimates associated with changes in the attributes of higher grade whitewater sites (which are frequented by advanced proficiency level kayakers).      

超越要素价格扭曲的新“外向型”发展战略*——基于二元边际分析与产品内分工双重视角的实证研究

要素市场价格扭曲是我国“外向型”发展战略的重要特征。基于二元边际分析和产品内分工视角,本文研究了要素市场价格扭曲、产品内分工地位以及二者交互作用对我国企业出口的影响。研究发现,我国要素市场存在严重的负向扭曲,扭曲对于企业出口的扩展边际形成了制约作用,但对于企业出口的集约边际起到了促进作用。企业产品内分工地位的提高及其与要素价格扭曲的交互作用会显著促进扩展边际的增长,对集约边际的影响则不显著。新时期“外向型”发展战略有其合理性,前提是不断提高企业分工地位,而非继续依靠要素市场价格扭曲。     

文化贸易存在进口引致出口吗*——基于中国文化产品出口二元边际分析

文化贸易发展对于提升一国“软实力”和打造“贸易强国”具有重要意义。在工业品贸易领域广泛存在“进口引致出口”机制是中国货物出口奇迹产生的重要原因,该机制在文化贸易领域是否同样存在对于中国文化贸易发展具有深远意义。本文基于中国文化贸易微观产品层面六位码数据,对文化出口指标进行了二元边际结构性特征分解,实证分析发现：第一,总体来看,文化产品进口对出口没有显著的促进作用,即进口引致出口机制在中国文化贸易中并不存在;第二,文化产品进口对文化产品出口二元边际并不存在显著的引致效应,文化产品进口对集约边际甚至还有一定的抑制效应;第三,上述结论在不同的二元边际指标和持续期分样本估计中均成立,尤其是二元边际水平较高的核心文化产品和具有较长贸易持续期的产品样本;第四,细分不同类别来看,目前仅在图书及其他印刷品比较标准化的文化产品贸易中,可能出现了一定程度的进口引致出口效应。总体而言,进口引致出口机制在文化贸易中未能有效地发挥作用可能是导致中国文化贸易发展相对迟缓的重要原因,未来如何更好地发挥文化进口对出口的促进效应将是强化中国文化贸易发展的关键。     

科技金融发展与高新技术企业劳动力需求

高新技术企业是高质量充分就业的重要经济主体,其发展离不开科技金融的有效支持。基于此,采用2010—2022年省级面板数据,探究科技金融发展对高新技术企业劳动力需求的相关影响。研究发现:科技金融发展对高新技术企业劳动力需求具有显著的正向推动作用,技术进步、广延边际和集约边际为其有效传导渠道。同时,该作用呈现出显著的异质性特征,具体表现在高技能和低技能劳动力、科技企业孵化器发展程度较高地区、技术市场较活跃地区及知识产权政策支持地区四个方面。此外,还发现科技人才供给和企业家精神的正向调节作用,以及政府罚没行为的负向调节作用。鉴于此,应强化科技金融投入力度,推动技术创新、提高创业水平和助力企业成长,发挥各类政策和制度的激励作用,以此实现金融助力高质量就业