健全和完善我国商业银行的激励约束机制——访交通银行行长张建国

激励约束机制建设是商业银行改革中的一个重要方面，对商业银行竞争力和经营效率的提高有着重要作用，随着改革的深入，转换我国商业银行的经营机制，健全和完善激励约束机制已势在必行。为此，本刊记者就我国商业银行激励约束机制改革的问题采访了交通银行行长张建国。     

健全和完善我国商业银行的激励约束机制

健全和完善激励约束机制是商业银行完善公司治理的重要内容,是充分发挥人力资本价值和提高国际竞争能力的需要。随着我国金融改革的深入、对外开放的扩大和市场竞争的加剧,我国商业银行原有的激励约束机制已经不能适应新的形势。健全和完善商业银行的激励约束机制,要以市值、总资产收益率和净资产收益率的持续稳定增长为目标,构建市场化、长效化的内部激励约束机制,以实现商业银行的科学发展。     

我国商业银行激励约束机制探析

有效的激励约束机制是商业银行治理的重要组成部分,本文研究在信息不完全、不对称条件下商业银行所有者和经营者追求自身效用最大化的行为对银行经营活动的影响,分析了国内商业银行激励与约束机制改革的理论基础,阐述了我国商业银行现状,找出了我国商业银行激励与约束机制存在的问题,探讨了商业银行建立长期激励机制的必要性,提出了商业银行建立长期激励机制的思路和建议。     

我国商业银行激励约束机制研究

建立和完善我国商业银行激励约束机制,是深化金融改革,建立现代企业制度的内在要求。本文借鉴西方国家商业银行的经验做法,指出当前我国商业银行激励约束工作中存在的问题,并提出今后建立和完善激励约束机制的构想。     

试论新兴商业银行激励约束机制的改进与完善

本文分析了国内新兴商业银行激励约束机制的主要模式和存在的问题,并针对现行绩效考核制度中存在的激励有余而约束不足这一突出现象,提出了现阶段改进与完善我国新兴商业银行激励约束机制的若干政策建议。     

论商业银行的激励约束机制

建立商业银行激励约束机制是一项伟大的革命，需要多层次、多手段、多主体、全方位的配合协调，这样才能建立健全符合我国商业银行工作实际的激励约束机制。     

如何建立我国股份制商业银行独立董事的激励约束机制

我国股份制商业银行引入独立董事制度的时间尚短，目前还没有建立起完善的独立董事激励约束机制。然而，有效的激励机制是独立董事制度发挥作用的关键，严格的约束机制是独立董事客观、公正行事的重要保证。本文在分析我国股份制商业银行独立董事激励约束机制现状的基础上，提出完善其激励约束机制的几点尝试性建议。     

构建科学的商业银行绩效考评机制探索——基于国家控股商业银行的思考

面对中国金融业全面对外开放的压力,激励与约束机制的改革成为我国国家控股商业银行继股份制改革之后的重点,而绩效考评是激励约束机制的重要内容之一。本文分析了国家控股商业银行绩效考评机制的现状及存在的问题,在阐述"平衡计分卡(BSC)"及其特点的基础上,提出了构建其科学的绩效考评机制的对策建议。     

我国商业银行公司治理机制研究

完善我国商业银行公司治理机制，要从改造公司治理和组织架构，完善商业银行股权结构，完善监督制度，建立有效的激励约束机制，以及加强信息披露和透明度建设等方面进行。     

商业银行绩效考核机制评价

目前我国商业银行都建立了各具特色的绩效考核机制，在激发员工动力、促进业务发展等方面均发挥了积极的作用，但同时也暴露出激励扭曲、约束弱化、行为短期等诸多缺陷。深入研究商业银行绩效考核机制，对于促进我国商业银行改善经营管理、提升竞争实力，促进持续健康发展，具有重大的现实意义。本文从企业绩效管理体系的角度，以杭州辖内14家商业银行(一级分行)绩效考核机制为切入点，通过多层次现场座谈、多方位问卷调查等方法，分析、比较各行绩效考核办法的手段和各自特色，在充分肯定其作用的基础上揭示存在问题。同时，通过借鉴企业绩效管理理论和国外管理方法的实务经验，有针对性地提出商业银行应将目前的绩效考核机制提升为绩效管理体系的建议，从而促进商业银行可持续健康发展。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

金融企业员工考核系统的设计

一、概述 为配合公司人事考核制度的贯彻执行,保证该制度执行过程中各项工作能够长期、高效、准确地完成,我们开发了公司员工考核系统,实现了人事考核工作中员工投票、考核统计、考核信息分析、报表生成等功能,减少了人事部门人员的手工操作,提高了考核工作的自动化程度.