浅谈发展农业合作经济

分析了欠发达地区农业发展面临的矛盾与问题，阐述了大力发展农业合作经济的重要意义，提出了大力发展壮大农民专业合作社，促进农业合作经济健康发展的具体举措。     

齐齐哈尔市农民专业合作社发展对策研究

农民专业合作社在引导农民进入市场,发展农业产业化经营,提高农产品竞争力,促进农民增收,建设现代农业等方面发挥了积极作用。齐齐哈尔市在全力推进城市化、城镇化、城乡一体化建设进程中,农民专业合作社的发展实现了农村经济的跨越发展,全面推进现代化大农业建设。无论是推进城市化,还是加快农业现代化,城市经济其重心都在于农民专业合作社建设的发展。     

农民素质与农民专业合作社的和谐共振关系

世界发达农业国家的经验证实,合作经济是促进农村经济发展的有效途径。我国政府和社会各界对此也达成了共识,积极支持、引导农民专业合作社的发展,规范农民专业合作社的组织和行为,保护农民专业合作社及其成员的合法权益,促进农业和农村经济的发     

农民专业合作社发展对策研究

本文针对农民专业合作社相关内容，首先分析了农民专业合作社对于推动农业发展的积极作用，进而系统分析了我国农民专业合作社发展中存在的问题，并结合我国农业生产实际情况论述了农民专业合作社的发展途径。     

中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法（2006年10月31日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十四次会议通过）

第一条 为了支持、引导农民专业合作社的发展，规范农民专业合作社的组织和行为，保护农民专业合作社及其成员的合法权益，促进农业和农村经济的发展，制定本法。     

规范财务管理促进农民专业合作社健康发展

《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》第二条明确了农民专业合作社的性质是以农民为主体的“自愿联合、民主管理的互助性经济组织”。农民专业合作社作为从事经济活动，承担经济责任的经济组织，实际上是遵循合作社原则组建的企业，按照企业管理方式，财务是企业管理的核心。农民专业合作社虽然与一般的企业有些不同，它除了从事经济活动，承担经济责任的经营职能外，还有一个重要的职能就是服务，即以其成员为主要服务对象，提供农业生产资料的购买，农产品的销售、加工、运输、贮藏以及与农业生产经营有关的技术、信息等服务。不论是从《农民专业合作社法》规定的经营职能和服务职能考虑，还是从农民专业合作社发展的现状考虑，都提出一个要求，就是农民专业合作社要健康发展，必须加强和规范财务管理，规范财务管理是农民专业合作社健康发展的基础。     

国内外农民专业合作社发展考察及启示北大核心CSSCISSCI

推进农民专业合作社发展,是当前农业供给侧改革的重要内容。农民专业合作社在农业产业化过程中发挥着重要作用,可以有效解决农产品总量过剩与健康优质农产品供给不足的矛盾,从而促进农民增收和农业可持续发展。文章通过对国内外农民专业合作社发展历程、现状及模式的分析,认为当前农民专业合作社发展应重点抓好合作社之间的联合与协作,以解决目前我国农民专业合作社小、散、弱的问题,并在此基础上提出一些对策和建议,推动农民专业合作社升级发展,使其在促进农业发展方式转变、全面建成小康社会过程中发挥更加重要的作用。     

中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法

第一章 总则 第一条 为了支持、引导农民专业合作社的发展，规范农民专业合作社的组织和行为，保护农民专业合作社及其成员的合法权益，促进农业和农村经济的发展，制定本法。     

农民专业合作社绩效研究进展

农民专业合作社作为一种农村经济的重要组织形式,在促进农业农村发展、增加农民收入上起到了很大作用,但合作社发展良莠不齐,在实际运行过程中存在许多亟须解决的问题。农民专业合作社的效益究竟如何,可以通过组织绩效来研究。通过查阅历年关于农民专业合作社绩效研究的学术文章,发现对合作社绩效这一热点问题的研究处于发展阶段。为此,从农民专业合作社绩效的评价维度、评价方法、影响因素、改进对策4个方面梳理农民专业合作社绩效研究的相关文献,并在此基础上提出了研究展望。     

农民专业合作社融资问题的实证分析——基于鄂温克旗的问卷调查

正一、研究背景及意义农民专业合作社的兴起对我国农业的发展起了重要的作用,它是促进农业进步不可缺少的一种经济组织形式。西方的合作思想最早起源于欧洲,经过几十年的不断探索和发展,已经形成了一个相对比较成熟的发展模式。而在我国,农民专业合作社作为新兴的经济组织还处在摸索和进步的阶段。自我国实行改革开放至今,我国农民专业合作社的发展大概经历了三个阶段:20世纪80年代,农民专业合作社的发展处于萌芽阶段,合作社以技术的交流与合作为主;20世纪90年代,农民专业合作社的起步阶段,合作社的数量在大幅增     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.