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1.
Douglas S. Meade 《Economic Systems Research》1995,7(4):413-438
This paper presents an exercise in using the INFORUM LIFT macro-economic interindustry model of the US to analyze the industry and macro-economic impacts of structural change in the motor vehicles industry. This structural change is the result of the assumption that 3.6% of US automobiles sold will be electric vehicles by 2003, as a result of California legislation expected to be adopted by 13 states, which will take effect from 1998. In this study, alternative input–output coefficients for the motor vehicles and the automotive repair industries are derived for this mix of electric car production, and assumptions about fuel consumption and maintenance expenditures are also developed. The results of the study show that, although macro-economic effects are minimal, impacts on particular industries are significant, given the small level of market penetration assumed. 相似文献
2.
王前锋 《世界标准化与质量管理》2005,(7):42-44
上世纪九十年代以来,日本经济一度处于低迷状态。这种形势使日本国内的消费者产生了深刻的变化,使国内企业生存环境变得更加严峻。面对经济低迷期的诸多困难,日本企业必须重新选择营销战略,改进营销战术,才能保证自身的生存和发展。这种营销变革的成功也带给我国企业一些重要启示。 相似文献
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20世纪60年代以来,经济学最为引人瞩目的发展之一就是新制度经济学的出现和发展。本文运用制度经济学的基本原理,从宏观方面分析现代医院管理体制存在的不足,并针对这些不足,提出合理的解决措施。 相似文献
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选址是企业发展初期最重大的决策行为,影响企业选址的绝对优势因素已经得到了深入的分析,但是比较优势的作用尚未引起注意。本文以新结构经济学为基础,指出地区比较优势在企业选址中的作用,即企业选址要符合当地的比较优势,才能获得更好的发展。通过构建衡量地区比较优势的指标,本文提出一个可操作的一般化程序,可用于企业选址实践中。本文从企业选址的角度拓展了新结构经济学的应用,对企业选址决策中如何考虑地区经济环境提供了重要的分析准则。 相似文献
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通过回顾改革开放40年以来中国三次产业产出结构、内部结构以及就业结构变迁的历程和特点,可以发现,中国产业结构变迁趋势符合产业结构演变的一般规律,并且已经具备了后工业化时期的特点。然而随着经济发展,中国产业结构依然暴露出不少问题,如区域间发展失衡、产业内部结构存在问题、产业间要素配置存在扭曲等。未来中国产业结构将进一步向合理化方向发展。中国应进一步深化改革开放,促进产业价值链升级,增加研发投入,提升企业家素质,制定合理的产业政策,从而实现产业结构的转型升级。 相似文献
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Change in evolutionary economics is predicated on the creative destruction of variety. Despite the importance of the concept of variety, or heterogeneity, in evolutionary economic theory, empirical work that examines the character of variety – its extent and its persistence – is still scarce. Drawing on unpublished, micro-level data from the US Bureau of the Census, this paper examines the characteristics of process heterogeneity in selected US manufacturing industries. More specifically the paper has three goals. First, to demonstrate that heterogeneity in plant technologies exists and that it persists over time even within relatively mature industrial sectors. Second, to examine the veracity of the processes that generate and destroy heterogeneity in production technology within narrowly defined industries. Third, to link the heterogeneity of plant-level techniques of production to the pace and direction of technological change at the level of the industry. 相似文献
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当前,我国农村社会价值观在经济、政治、文化等层面呈现出日益复杂化、多元化发展的态势。文章以陕西关中地区为样本,基于经济学视角对其社会价值观现状进行了剖析,并探讨了其利弊和成因。 相似文献
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精准扶贫工作已在全国范围内全面展开并取得了阶段性成果,而民族地区的脱贫问题仍是我国脱贫攻坚的难点。民族地区由于旅游资源的丰富性而将旅游精准扶贫作为新时期扶贫开发的重要途径,但是在旅游扶贫的实践中,存在着将旅游精准扶贫等同于乡村旅游开发的现象,忽略了对旅游精准扶贫本质的思考,具体实践与预期效果产生了偏离。本文借鉴新结构经济学的理论,从目标甄别、动态变迁、产业运行、人力保障、综合评价五个层面构建民族地区旅游精准扶贫系统,并提出民族地区旅游精准扶贫的实施路径。 相似文献
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2015年中国启动了第二次电力体制改革。目前中国电力行业发展面临着政府职能转变不到位、市场机制不完善、电价关系没有理顺、低碳能源发电激励机制不健全和能源电力立法修法滞后等问题。从环境经济学外部性理论和可持续发展理论来分析,高碳能源发电是典型的负外部性例子,低碳电力的发展是电力产业可持续发展的重要推动力量。通过分析,本文提出了中国电力低碳发展的对策建议:转变政府职能;从发电侧、输电侧、配售电侧、用电需求侧完善市场机制;严格约束机制;健全激励机制以及修订电力法律。 相似文献
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我国现在进行的改革开放必然会引起制度的变迁,而从经济学理论上讲,制度的变迁又会对经济的发展产生巨大影响。文中制度这一因素引入经济增长模型,并量化测度了制度变迁,并进行实证分析。结果表明,改革开放30多年来我国的制度变迁对经济的增长具有巨大的促进作用。而目前,我国的体制改革尚未完成,仍有较大的制度变迁空间,所以制度创新与变革仍然是我国未来较长一段时期内经济增长的重要动力源泉。 相似文献
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The disaggregated structure of input–output (IO) analysis makes it very attractive in analyzing technical change. Various authors have applied IO models in comparative static experiments to measure the effects of observed technical changes in individual industries on economy-wide total output (or related primary input) requirements. Less often have researchers performed similar analyses on the effects of changes across all consuming industries in the productive consumption of a sector's output, because of the need to append an external analysis of substitution. Despite the obstacles to joint analyses of sectoral production and cross-sectoral consumption change, its appeal has long been recognized. In this paper, an anomaly in such analyses is presented: the sum of the separate effects of changes in production and changes in productive consumption does not equal the effects of the joint change. A comparative static exercise reveals the root cause of the anomaly: essentially, an index number problem. Empirical analyses are performed across a comprehensive set of US sectors to estimate the range of discrepancies. 相似文献
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制度变迁是创新主体为实现一定的目标而进行的制度重新安排或制度结构的重新调整。文章以新制度经济学的制度变迁理论作为基本的分析框架,对影响我国高等职业教育制度变迁的供给的诸多因素进行了剖析,以期使我国高等职业教育制度更合理、高效地指引职业教育走上健康发展的道理。 相似文献
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中国出口结构变革和经济增长的协整分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文在以前研究的基础上探讨了出口和经济增长的关系,并考虑出口结构变化对经济增长的影响。不仅证实了出口和经济增长相互促进关系,还证实了出口结构的变化也是促进经济增长的有利因素之一。 相似文献
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变结构门限t-GARCH模型及其伪持续性研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
为了反映金融时间序列的波动集聚性、非对称性、厚尾性以及在实证研究中表现出的伪持续性,本文结合门限GARCH模型以及变结构的方法提出了变结构门限t—GARCH模型。首先用Monte Carlo模拟的方法考虑了变结构GARCH模型中存在的伪持续性问题;其次针对金融时间序列非对称性、厚尾性以及强持续性的特点提出了变结构门限t—GARCH模型,总结了关于变结构点检验的几个主要方法;最后用该模型来拟合沪市和深市两个股市的周收益率序列,得到了比GARCH模型更好的拟合结果。 相似文献
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Graham Dawson 《Economic Affairs》2009,29(3):57-62
Existing 'climate change' policy instruments should be withdrawn. Climate science cannot provide the knowledge that is needed to justify them. Anthropogenic global warming is a putative interpersonal conflict rather than market failure. Where property rights need protecting, tort litigation on the basis of strict liability is appropriate. By providing a public arena for the competitive testing of scientific hypotheses, such litigation would also promote the advancement of climate science. 相似文献
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本文基于新结构经济学中最优环境结构的相关理论,结合新结构经济学政策实践中的相关方法(如TCI和ITCI指数等),研究在我国联合国际开发资本共建\"一带一路\"以及对外投资中的环社规则的改革优化问题,给出了一个确定最优环社规则的方法。其核心内容是不同国家在不同经济发展阶段的最优环社规则存在差异,环社规则改革应与经济发展阶段及产业结构相适应。利用该方法测算当前我国环社规则与最优环社规则之间的偏差,并综合考虑我国当前的重要政策目标,或可为我国的环社规则改革提供有效的解决方案。 相似文献
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This paper uses a shift-share method to quantify the components of economic growth and structural changes in employment and investments at both the national and regional levels. The results indicate that rapid economic growth has been characterized by significant shifts in employment and investments between industries in China. Such structural changes have a distinct regional pattern which has important policy implications regarding spatial disparities in economic growth and income. The results shed some important light on the understanding of Deng's development thought that is formalized in this paper as a multi-tier and multi-stage development strategy for a large developing economy. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Barbara M. Roberts 《Economic Systems Research》1995,7(3):291-308
The 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s have witnessed a period of economic reforms in Poland. The paper uses aggregated social accounting multipliers to assess whether any structural change at a macro-economic level has taken place in this period. Linkage analysis is adopted to evaluate intersectoral reallocation of resources. The results support the view that some macro-economic adjustment has taken place but they do not provide evidence of significant intersectoral shifts. 相似文献
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We study how vertical market structure affects the incentives of suppliers and customers to develop a new input that will enable the innovator to replace the incumbent supplier. In a vertical setting with an incumbent monopoly upstream supplier and two downstream firms, we show that vertical integration reduces the R&D incentives of the integrated parties, but increases that of the nonintegrated downstream rival. Strategic vertical integration may occur whereby the upstream incumbent integrates with a downstream firm to discourage or even preempt downstream disruptive R&D. Depending on the R&D costs, vertical integration may lower the social rate of innovation. 相似文献