澳大利亚的国家竞争政策及启示

较为完善的竞争政策是澳大利亚经济得以健康发展的根本保障。本文介绍了澳大利亚从1995年开始的竞争政策改革-国家竞争政策的内容、执行和管理机构及改革的绩效。本文从中得出启示，以资中国制定和执行竞争政策借鉴。     

共享环境下信息政策协同机制研究

文章通过对共享、信息政策以及政策协同等基本理念的理解,分析其内在关联性以及可以研究的方向。借助中国知网以及互联网上的有关知识,尤其通过知网可以对信息政策之间的关联性进行分析以及获得信息政策的途径更为多元化,不像以往那么单一化和无序化,利用共享机制可以获取更多有用信息政策,争取为信息政策的制定提供有价值的信息或情报。     

Women,gender and policy‐making in the South African context

Equality, including gender equality, is a fundamental principle of the South African constitution. This article is intended as a briefing document for researchers and policy‐makers on some of the more qualitative gender considerations involved in policy‐making and analysis. The article is not based on original research or data analysis, but is informed by a range of papers and studies which throw up gender questions about conventional ways of seeing. The article starts by dealing briefly with the distinction between ‘equity’ and ‘efficiency’ arguments for gender equality. After summarising past and current developments in establishing gender machinery within government, it goes on to suggest how traditional economic theory obscures or distorts gender issues. Finally it discusses the use and abuse of concepts commonly encountered in both poverty studies and discussions of gender.     

区域政策环境与民营经济发展问题研究

多年来,中国民营经济发展迅速,民营经济在国民经济中所占比重日益提高,但是由于区域发展环境差异,各地区民营经济发展并不均衡。为加快我国民营经济发展,需要进一步优化政策环境,通过提升区域软实力和体制变革促进民营经济实现可持续发展。本文从民营经济发展趋势和环境制约因素入手,通过科学分析提出促进民营经济发展的对策建议。     

我国企业人力资源管理与开发的法律政策环境

一、研究人力资源管理的法律、政策环境的动因1.管理即是组织与内外部环境互动的过程。所有的管理人员,不论他们是在工商企业、还是政府机构、教堂、慈善基金组织或是在大学中主持工作,都必须在不同程度上考虑到外部环境的各种因素和力量,他们不大能改变这些影响力量,除了适应它们,别无选择,他们必须对可能影响企业运转的外部力量加以确定、评估并做出反应。在影响组织的各种环境中,法律政策环境是非常重要的一环,不管是进行决策、计划,还是进行人事、财务管理,都不能、也无法摆脱政策法律环境对组织的影响。政府的一个作用就是制约和对企业…     

Alcohol trade restrictions and alcohol consumption: On the effectiveness of state policy

The paper analyzes the impact of nighttime alcohol trade restrictions in regions of Russia on the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Evaluation has been carried out based on the regional Rosstat data and individual data of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey by the HSE for 2009–2010. Econometric analysis has revealed a positive correlation between the amount of consumed alcohol and the duration of the allowed time for alcohol sales in the region. In addition, it has been found that night restrictions are more efficient than morning restrictions in the context of a decrease in alcohol consumption. The obtained results indicate the expediency of further tightening of the restrictive policy.     

Deep habits and the dynamic effects of monetary policy shocks

We introduce deep habits into a sticky-price sticky-wage economy and examine the resulting models ability to account for the impact of monetary policy shocks. The deep habits mechanism gives rise to countercyclical markup movements even when prices are flexible and interacts with nominal rigidities in interesting ways. Key parameters are estimated using a limited information approach. The deep habits model can account very precisely for the persistent impact of monetary policy shocks on aggregate consumption and for both the price puzzle and inflation persistence. A key insight is that the deep habits mechanism and nominal rigidities are complementary: the deep habits model can account for the dynamic effects of monetary policy shock at low to moderate levels of nominal rigidities. The results are shown to be stable over time and not caused by monetary policy changes.     

Spillover effects of local fiscal policy

Cities and suburbs share a special interrelationship—they are both dependent on one another yet, simultaneously, in competition with one another. Because of their impact on the regional land and labor markets, fiscal policies undertaken in the central city can have effects that extend beyond its political jurisdiction. An understanding of these potential spillovers is critical in the design of regional economic policy. With no such understanding, one municipality's policies could lead to undesirable consequences for the metropolitan area as a whole, such as increasing suburban sprawl. This paper develops a general equilibrium model of an inter- and intrametropolitan location that allows the examination of such effects. The model can be used to determine what types of policies best serve the metropolitan area.     

引进高层次人才来苏的财政政策环境与策略探讨

政策和资金很大程度上影响着高层次人才创新创业的方向和发展。文章从财政政策、江苏创新创业环境、引进高层次人才来苏创新创业对策等多个方面系统分析,为进一步完善江苏引才政策提供借鉴。     

促进节能、环保的财税政策机制研究

目前,我国经济发展面临着资源与环境的双重压力,节能减排是实现经济可持续发展的必然途径。而节能、减排具有明显的正外部性,是市场失灵的领域,因此需要政府采取一系列经济、法律以及必要的行政手段来对此进行干预和调控,而财税政策则是政府实行宏观经济调控的重要政策手段之一,对建立健全资源有偿使用制度和生态环境补偿机制有着重要影响。     

The effects of casino gambling on state tax revenue

A theoretical model of state tax structure implies that revenue enhancement due to the introduction of casino gambling is less likely in states where incomes taxes do not exist and where casino tax rates are lower than the corresponding tax rates on sales taxable and excise taxable goods. Further, it is clear that casino gambling is likely to adversely impact lottery tax revenues earmarked for education. Due to the cross-price effects of gambling, tax revenues will likely decline in states that introduce nontaxable casino gambling on Indian reservations. In the longer term, as casino gambling proliferates increasing competition among states, there will be negative revenue consequences due to fewer tourism and employment dollars.     

Role of state scientific and technological policy in the improvement of the innovation activity of Russian enterprises

This paper presents an attempt to demonstrate the inconsistent and eclectic character of the current state policy in the field of science, technology, and innovation in Russia. The negative impact of goal-setting disadvantages on the effectiveness of the innovation policy is being analyzed by way of concrete examples. This is reflected in the choice of strategic development milestones, a lack of a systemic approach, the incompleteness and inconsistency of the implemented ongoing activities, the inadequacy of the selected instruments vis-à-vis the state of market relations in the country, the maturity of the institutional structure, and the capacity of the scientific and industrial sector.     

Short-term effects of policy reform on tourism and the macroeconomy in Zimbabwe: Applied CGE analysis

This article applies a short-term computable general equilibrium model for Zimbabwe to trace the direct and indirect effects of policy on the macroeconomy and tourism. The results show that the main reason why benefits from tourism are bypassing the country is because of poorly sequenced macroeconomic policies and a negative political climate. As and when the national political situation stabilises and the economy begins to grow again, an urgent macroeconomic thrust should be to implement a credible macroeconomic stabilisation programme, consisting in the main of reduced fiscal deficits, flexible foreign exchange markets and tight monetary policies to rein in inflation. However, because Zimbabwe is in arrears, there can be no programmes or lending with the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. Getting the budget in order without aid money will be very tough indeed, and the alternative is worse. It means debt deflation by means of hyperinflation.     

Rural women and state policy: The Latin American agrarian reform experience

This review of 13 Latin American agrarian reforms shows that most have directly benefited only men. It is argued that this is largely because of the common designation of ‘households’ as the beneficiaries of an agrarian reform and the subsequent incorporation of only male household heads into the new agrarian reform structures. It is shown that a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for rural women to benefit on par with men is that they too be designated as beneficiaries. Women as well as men must be given access to land or the opportunity to participate within the agrarian cooperatives or state farms promoted by an agrarian reform. This comparative analysis of the Latin American agrarian reform demonstrates that this has happened only in countries where the incorporation of rural women to the reform is an explicit objective of state policy.     

基于珠三角地区产业基础的低碳经济发展政策环境研究

珠三角经济一次能源资源匮乏,典型的"三高三低"(高能耗、高排放、高污染;低效能、低效率、低效益)的"高碳模式"难以支撑珠三角经济可持续发展。2012年9月《广东省碳排放权交易试点工作实施方案》的施行标志着广东碳交易已经从制度设计阶段全面转向实际操作阶段。通过产业的有效应对措施以促进转型升级实现珠三角产业低碳发展的现实紧迫性日益凸显。     

试论我国环保税收政策存在的问题及对策

随着市场经济的深入与发展，我国现行的环保税收政策已不能适应经济可持续发展的需要。我们应结合我国当前环保税收政策的现状，通过深化税制改革来加以完善。