论会计准则的国际协调

由于经济发展所处的环境不同，各国制定的会计准则存在很大差异，这种差异赞成的障碍给世界经济带来的困扰日益增加。国际经济愈发展，会计准则的国际协调就愈迫切。本文分析了形成这种迫切性的原因以及促进国际协调所遇到的阻力，阐述了我国参与国际会计协调的思路。     

关于我国内部控制规范建设的思考

加强和完善企业内部控制制度，已成为当前理论界和实务界最为关注的话题之一。朱镕基总理今年4月16日在考察上海国家会计学院时指出：实行社会主义市场经济，需制定“游戏规则”并按“游戏规则”办事，需培养大批高素质的会计人才。“不做假帐”是每个会计……     

论会计准则对企业融资的影响

企业的融资需求促进了资本市场的发展,也为会计准则的产生和发展提供了重要的经济环境.然而会计准则的执行具有经济后果,会计准则对企业融资市场、融资能力和融资成本产生重要影响.     

新会计准则下债务重组业务的涉税会计处理

2006年2月15日,财政部正式公布了由1项基本会计准则和38项具体会计准则组成的新会计准则。其中,《企业会计准则第12号——债务重组》(以下简称“新准则第12号”)相对于旧准则有两点主要变动。一是重新界定其含义,把清算改组债务重组和非财务困难的债务重组排除,限定了只有在债务人发     

新会计准则实施后上市公司财务监管研究

在“十一五”规划的开局之年，新企业会计准则体系正式颁布。新会计准则的实施将有力地规范会计工作秩序和会计行为，提高我国会计信息质量，满足投资者、债权人、政府等利益相关者对会计信息的需求；同时，也可能在很大程度上改变财务报表数据，甚至出现新的财务操纵手法和现象。本文对新会计准则的重大变革进行了纵向比较分析，分析了这些变革即将对上市公司财务报表带来的现实影响和未来变化，提出了可能出现的新的操纵问题以及监管对策。     

International Accounting Standards and Accounting Quality

We examine whether application of International Accounting Standards (IAS) is associated with higher accounting quality. The application of IAS reflects combined effects of features of the financial reporting system, including standards, their interpretation, enforcement, and litigation. We find that firms applying IAS from 21 countries generally evidence less earnings management, more timely loss recognition, and more value relevance of accounting amounts than do matched sample firms applying non‐U.S. domestic standards. Differences in accounting quality between the two groups of firms in the period before the IAS firms adopt IAS do not account for the postadoption differences. Firms applying IAS generally evidence an improvement in accounting quality between the pre‐ and postadoption periods. Although we cannot be sure our findings are attributable to the change in the financial reporting system rather than to changes in firms' incentives and the economic environment, we include research design features to mitigate effects of both.     

论新会计准则中的财务理念

会计与财务的关系是我国会计理论界长期争论的问题之一。本文以现代市场经济为背景,以新会计准则体系为依据,阐述了财务管理"现金化"的本质,论述了新会计准则体系在规范重心、确认标准、计量技术、报告内容等方面的管理性质,从环境变化和会计自身变革等角度分析了其必然性,论述了会计准则融入财务理念的理论价值和实践价值。     

我国会计标准与国际会计标准的差异分析及国际趋同的思考

本文从我国B股上市公司、金融类上市公司双重审计的制度背景出发 ,以B股和金融类上市公司的年度报告中的双重审计差异为基础 ,对我国会计标准和国际会计标准进行综合比较研究 ,对存在的差异做出了分析与评价 ,并提供了有关的政策建议。     

会计准则能提高会计信息质量吗——来自中国股市的初步证据

本文提出了一个关于会计信息质量影响因素的分析框架。按照该框架 ,会计信息质量受外部机会、会计准则、法律风险等因素的共同影响 ,并认为会计准则在其中的影响要低于法律风险。在此基础上 ,作者讨论了我国近年来相应制度环境的变化 ,认为法律风险缺失导致会计准则的改进并不能很好地反映到会计信息质量上来。 1995～ 2 0 0 2年我国资本市场的经验证据支持这种推测。     

Acceptance of Accounting Standards

When financial statements are audited, a client and auditor may disagree about an accounting disclosure. While the disclosure of such a disagreement may increase the information content of a statement it may also be socially undesirable in that it signals a difference in views about the state of the reporting enterprise. This in turn may increase agency costs and introduce uncertainty about the state of the firm. In this paper we focus on public policy implications concerning auditor-client disagreements and examine the ex ante probability that such cases will occur. We find that accounting standards that allow two accounting options may be optimal in reducing frequency of disagreements among auditors and between standard-setters and their constituencies, and possibly also between clients and their auditors. The New Zealand model of compliance with accounting standards may be preferable to that practiced in the US.     

会计准则的信息含量:中国会计准则与IFRS之比较

在我国 ,对如何实现中国会计准则国际化问题一直存在不同的认识。一种观点认为 ,不应过多地考虑“国家特色” ,主张尽快全面国际化 ;另一种观点则认为在会计国际化的同时 ,应当考虑并体现会计的国家特色 ,不应片面追求国际化。那么 ,究竟应当如何解决这些争端 ,把握好借鉴国际惯例和考虑中国国情的辨证关系 ,掌握好两者之间的结合“度” ?我们认为 ,会计准则信息含量的比较研究 ,可以帮助我们进行这方面的分析。本文采用实证研究的方法 ,通过中国会计准则与国际财务报告准则 (IFRS)信息含量的比较研究 ,为哪一种会计准则对信息用户更具决策相关性提供量化证据。研究结果表明 ,按照中国会计准则提供的会计盈余数据比按照国际财务报告准则提供的盈余数据更有信息含量。因而 ,当前我国的会计准则建设仍应考虑国情 ,不应当全盘照搬国际财务报告准则     

Domestic Accounting Standards, International Accounting Standards, and the Predictability of Earnings

We investigate (1) whether the variation in accounting standards across national boundaries relative to International Accounting Standards (IAS) has an impact on the ability of financial analysts to forecast non-U.S. firms' earnings accurately, and (2) whether analyst forecast accuracy changes after firms adopt IAS. IAS are a set of financial reporting policies that typically require increased disclosure and restrict management's choices of measurement methods relative to the accounting standards of our sample firms' countries of domicile. We develop indexes of differences in countries' accounting disclosure and measurement policies relative to IAS, and document that greater differences in accounting standards relative to IAS are significantly and positively associated with the absolute value of analyst earnings forecast errors. Further, we show that analyst forecast accuracy improves after firms adopt IAS. More specifically, after controlling for changes in the market value of equity, changes in analyst following, and changes in the number of news reports, we find that the convergence in firms' accounting policies brought about by adopting IAS is positively associated with the reduction in analyst forecast errors.     

关于我国会计制度和会计准则的制定问题

本文包括三个主要部分。首先阐述会计规范的必要性。然后 ,立足于我国的实际情况 ,提出会计规范的目标是依存于不同的经济体制特点的、会计规范的内容和形式则取决于会计规范的目标 ;通过区分会计确认、计量、记录和报告在不同会计行为中的差别揭示了会计准则和会计制度两种规范形式在我国的并存性和各自的侧重点 ,即会计准则侧重于确认和计量 ,会计制度侧重于记录与报告。最后 ,对我国会计准则、会计制度的关系问题 ,未来会计规范问题提出作者的观点。     

新会计准则对财务比率分析的影响

由于我国会计准则是根据我国特定的社会主义市场经济环境制定的,必然与国际会计准则存在差异,但与国际会计准则趋同是一种必然趋势。本文在考虑成本因素,我国的利益及我国的现实经济环境的同时,认为我国会计准则与国际会计准则趋同需要经历一个长期过程。     

Accounting Standards and the Judiciary

The aim of this paper is to assess by means of a study of decided cases the evidential weight attached by the courts to Statements of Standard Accounting Practice (SSAPs) and the status of their provisions relative to statutory accounting rules. This issue is discussed with reference to the accounting requirements of both the Companies Act and the Taxes Act. The extent to which non-statutory accounting principles have acquired the status of binding precedents is also considered. The study reveals that SSAPs have considerable persuasive value as evidence of accounting practice but that expert evidence has not been rendered redundant. There is considerable evidence that the courts regard the determination of accounting principles as a question of fact rather than law where statutory provisions are not in point.     

盘点中国会计准则提速

欲谈2005年会计准则的提速，先言其简史。经济发展初期，企业所有权与经营权合一，会计数字属“自娱自乐”；随着经济发展与企业规模扩大，股份公司等组织形式应运而生，且出现债权人，税务机关，企业管理当局等众多利益相关者，会计数字开始走出账房，置于阳光之下，需要一定的标准，也就是会计准则与制度；又随着经济全球化，利益相关者中出现了异国面孔，需要语言沟通，于是，会计也要国际化。目前，我们处于会计发展三步曲中的第三步，当然要走好这第三步[编者按]