社会网络联系与用户创新研究

传统社会网络理论认为,创新用户间的社会网络联系有利于提升用户创新绩效,但在考虑社会网络成本前提下,不同质量水平的社会网络联系对用户创新绩效具有不同影响。选取乐高开放式创新平台为典型案例,编写爬虫程序获取平台客观数据,通过构建创新用户社会网络,实证检验高质量和低质量社会网络联系对用户创新的异质性影响。结果发现,创新用户拥有的社会网络联系总数对用户创新绩效无显著影响,社会网络联系质量才是影响用户创新绩效的关键。其中,高质量联系能够显著提升用户创新产出价值,并显著减少创意项目淘汰概率;而低质量联系则会显著降低用户创新产出价值,且微弱提高创意项目淘汰概率。以此为基础,为创新用户和开放式创新平台方提出策略性建议。     

数字经济如何影响城市出口产品质量 ———基于长三角地区数据的实证分析

本文采用空间计量模型,以我国长三角地区41个地级市 2006—2015 年的面板数据为研究样本,实证分析研究了数字经济对城市出口产品质量的影响。结果表明,城市间出口产品质量总体上存在空间正相关性,数字经济会显著提升城市出口产品质量,该结论在稳健性检验中仍成立。机制检验表明,数字经济通过促进技术创新,提高进口中间品质量,推动出口产品结构高端化,进而提升城市出口产品质量。异质性分析表明,数字经济对非私营企业出口产品质量有显著提升作用;相对于其他城市而言,数字经济对特大及以上城市出口产品质量的提升作用更明显。     

中药炮制对含苷类药物疗效和不良反应的影响

目的探讨中药炮制对含苷类药物疗效和不良反应的影响。方法选取辽宁省盘锦市中心医院2017年5月至2019年5月收治的160例接受含苷类药物治疗的患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,对照组80例患者接受未炮制的含苷类药物治疗,试验组80例患者接受经过炮制的含苷类药物治疗,比较两组临床疗效、不良反应发生率、生命质量评分。结果临床治疗有效率试验组(97.50%)明显高于对照组(81.25%),试验组不良反应发生率(2.50%)明显低于对照组(16.25%),试验组生命质量评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中药炮制可显著提高含苷类药物的临床治疗效率,降低不良反应发生率,提高患者生命质量。     

盐酸普拉克索联合多巴丝肼片对帕金森病患者治疗效果、不良反应及生命质量的影响

目的探讨盐酸普拉克索联合多巴丝肼片对帕金森病患者治疗效果、不良反应及生命质量的影响。方法选取2016年2月至2019年2月大连市中心医院神经内二科收治的帕金森病患者60例作为研究对象,依据治疗方法不同分为盐酸普拉克索联合多巴丝肼片治疗组(联合治疗组,n=30)和单独多巴丝肼片治疗组(单独治疗组,n=30),比较两组患者的帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)评分、临床疗效、不良反应发生情况、生命质量。结果治疗前,两组患者UPDRSⅠ、UPDRSⅡ、UPDRSⅢ、UPDRSⅣ、总UPDRS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者的UPDRSⅠ、UPDRSⅡ、UPDRSⅢ、UPDRSⅣ、总UPDRS评分均显著降低,且联合治疗组患者的UPDRSⅠ、UPDRSⅡ、UPDRSⅢ、UPDRSⅣ、总UPDRS评分均显著低于单独治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合治疗组患者治疗有效率90.0%(27/30)显著高于单独治疗组70.0%(21/30)(P<0.05),不良反应发生率13.3%(4/30)显著低于单独治疗组26.7%(8/30)(P<0.05)。联合治疗组患者生命质量高比例63.3%(19/30)显著高于单独治疗组26.7%(8/30)(P<0.05),生命质量低比例6.7%(2/30)显著低于单独治疗组40.0%(12/30)(P<0.05),但两组患者生命质量中比例30.0%(9/30)、33.3%(10/30)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论盐酸普拉克索联合多巴丝肼片对帕金森病患者治疗效果较单独使用多巴丝肼片好,不良反应少,生命质量高。     

Economic inequality and burden-sharing in the provision of local environmental quality

A large, but inconclusive, literature addresses how economic heterogeneity affects the use of local resources and local environmental quality. One line of thought, which derives from Nash equilibrium provision of public goods, suggests that in contexts in which individual actions degrade local environmental quality, wealthier people in a community will tend to do more to protect environmental quality. In this paper we report on experiments performed in rural Colombia that were designed to explore the role that economic inequality plays in the ‘provision’ of local environmental quality. Subjects were asked to decide how much time to devote to collecting firewood from a local forest, which degrades local water quality, and how much to unrelated pursuits. Economic heterogeneity was introduced by varying the private returns to these alternative pursuits. Consistent with the Nash equilibrium prediction, we found that the players with more valuable alternative options put less pressure on local water quality. However, the subjects with less valuable alternative options showed significantly more restraint relative to their pure Nash strategies. Furthermore, they were willing to bear significantly greater opportunity costs to move their groups to outcomes that yielded higher average payoffs and better water quality than the Nash equilibrium outcome.     

收入分配视角下经济增长与环境质量的关系

利用2003—2010年中国省级面板数据,将城乡收入差距的基尼系数作为衡量收入差距的指标,并将该指标作为主要的解释变量引入线性计量模型,使用主成分分析方法设计反映环境质量的综合指标,探讨了中国经济增长与环境质量之间的关系。研究结果显示:收入分配不公并不必然带来环境质量恶化,城乡收入差距与环境质量之间存在显著的负向关系;随着人均产出的上升,环境质量逐渐得到改善,"倒U型"的环境库兹涅茨曲线并不存在;地方政府对环境保护的重视程度会显著影响一个地区的环境质量。     

替西罗莫司联合索拉非尼治疗晚期肾癌的效果及对患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9与金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1水平的影响

目的探讨替西罗莫司联合索拉非尼治疗晚期肾癌的效果及对患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)水平的影响。方法选取2011年3月至2016年6月惠东县人民医院收治的晚期肾癌患者72例作为研究对象,按照入院先后顺序编号,应用随机信封法将所有患者分为对照组与观察组,各36例。对照组患者给予索拉非尼,观察组在对照组治疗基础上辅以替西罗莫司治疗。比较两组患者生命质量、临床疗效、血清MMP-9和TIMP-1水平、不良反应及生存期。结果治疗后,两组患者生命质量各维度评分明显提高,且观察组患者生命质量各维度评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗有效率为30.56%,明显高于对照组11.11%(χ^2=4.126,P=0.042);观察组患者疾病控制率为83.33%,显著高于对照组(χ^2=4.431,P=0.035);治疗后,两组患者血清MMP-9和TIMP-1水平明显降低,且观察组患者血清MMP-9和TIMP-1水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗期间,两组患者皮疹、腹泻、手足皮肤反应、食欲不振、脱发、恶心呕吐、耳鸣及发热发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者3年生存率为41.67%,明显高于对照组的19.44%(χ^2=4.189,P=0.041)。结论替西罗莫司联合索拉非尼治疗晚期肾癌,可有效提高临床疗效,改善患者生命质量,下调血清MMP-9和TIMP-1水平,延长患者生存期,安全性好。     

GROWTH IN EURO AREA LABOR QUALITY

Composition of the euro area workforce evolves over time and in response to changing labor market conditions. We construct an estimate of growth in euro area labor quality over the period 1983–2005 and show that labor quality has grown on average by 0.47 percent year-on-year. Labor quality growth was significantly higher in the early 1990s than in the 1980s. This strong increase was driven mainly by an increase in the share of those with tertiary education and workers in prime age. Growth in labor quality moderated again toward the end of the 1990s, possibly reflecting the impact of robust employment growth resulting in the entry of workers with lower human capital. The contribution of labor quality to labor productivity has increased over time, accounting for up to one fourth of euro area labor productivity growth. The results point to a lower contribution of total factor productivity to euro area growth.     

中关村科技园区创新质量的时空集聚效应研究

创新作为中关村科技园区的基本属性,创新质量决定了中关村科技园区发展质量。科技园区促进区域产业集聚,集聚显著影响科技园区创新,但缺乏对“一区多园”创新质量的综合集聚效应研究。由此,建立中关村科技园区创新质量指标体系,在分析中关村科技园区3种集聚模式的基础上,建立集聚模式对创新质量影响的动态空间面板模型;以2006—2017年中关村科技园区等相关数据为基础,研究不同集聚模式与创新质量的时空效应并对其进行分解分析。结果表明,中关村科技园区创新质量呈现显著时间循环效应和空间溢出效应,各园区创新质量空间集聚存在高-高、低-低等模式并随着时间推移发生跃迁。所有园区受到正向显著的专业化集聚影响,大兴-亦庄园受到负向显著的多样化集聚影响,而房山园、密云园和延庆园受到的多样化集聚影响不显著,海淀园、朝阳园、大兴-亦庄园、东城园、西城园、通州园、门头沟园和顺义园受到市场竞争集聚效应的影响。     

Labour Unrest and the Quality of Production: Evidence from the Construction Equipment Resale Market

This paper examines the construction equipment resale market to assess whether equipment produced by the world's largest manufacturer of construction machinery, Caterpillar, experienced lower product quality in facilities that underwent contract disputes during the 1990's. Analysis of auction data reveals that resale market participants significantly discounted machines produced in these dispute-affected facilities. Additionally, pieces of equipment produced in facilities undergoing unrest were resold more often, received worse appraisal reports, and had lower list prices. Taken together, the evidence supports the hypothesis that workmanship at dispute-affected facilities declined and that the resulting impact on the economic quality of the equipment produced was significant. The dispute was associated with at least $400 million in lost service flows due to inferior quality equipment alone.     

消费者满意度实证研究——以网络自助服务类型为研究枢轴

研究以五种网络自助服务类型为调查样本,分别比较它们在消费者满意度上的差异性,并以风险承担态度与信任态度做为干扰变数.结果发现:消费者满意度的影响因子分别为系统品质、信息品质、服务品质,转换成本对于交易性质的WBSS较敏感,对于转换成本较低的WBSS有较高的消费者满意度,但对于服务性质的WBSS则较不敏感;不同的网络自助服务在消费者满意度构面上有显著的差异;而风险承担与信任态度皆对消费者满意度有干扰效果,消费者在不同的WBSS中,其风险承担态度对满意度有部分显著影响,只有系统品质构面显著,其信任态度对满意度有部分影响,只有信息品质构面显著.通过对消费者使用满意度的实证研究,以期为网络自助服务的和谐发展提供有益的路径指引.     

产业集聚与经济增长质量——基于全球82个国家和地区面板数据的实证分析

本文通过五个维度构建了国家层面的经济增长质量指标体系,采用熵值法测算了全球82个国家和地区的经济增长质量指数,并在此基础上实证研究了产业集聚与经济增长质量的关系。研究发现：制造业集聚与服务业集聚水平的提高有助于改善一国的经济增长质量,但两者对经济增长质量的影响渠道有所不同。服务业集聚对经济增长质量的影响在不同类型国家之间存在异质性,即服务业集聚程度的增加能够明显改善非OECD国家和地区的经济增长质量,但对OECD国家和地区的经济增长质量影响不显著。此外,FDI对制造业集聚与一国经济增长质量的关系以及对服务业集聚与一国经济增长质量的关系,分别具有正向调节效应和负向调节效应,而人力资本水平对制造业集聚和服务业集聚与一国经济增长质量的关系均具有正向调节效应。本文的研究结论对于如何制定相关产业政策以推动经济高质量发展具有重要的参考价值。     

Why do diners tip: rule-of-thumb or valuation of service?

When diners decide how much to tip, is the decision based on social convention or on conscientious appraisal of server productivity? Previous researchers in economics and social psychology are generally inconclusive on this question. A common finding in the literature is that tip size and service quality are unrelated, a result usually obtained from OLS regressions. OLS is only appropriate if service quality is exogenous. It is argued that service quality is very likely endogenous in any regression of tip size; good quality encourages good tips, but server expectations of good tips encourage good quality. This simultaneity is accounted for by jointly estimating percentage tips and customer rankings of service quality on a sample of 247 diners in a Central Minnesota restaurant. Included are explanatory variables consistent with both the social psychology and economic views of tipping. In contrast to previous studies, it is found that service quality significantly affects tip size and when servers expect higher tips, customers rank service quality higher. Also it is found that patronage frequency and coupon redemption have no effect on percentage tips, but server gender influences quality significantly. It is concluded that the results are generally supportive of an economic hypothesis of tipping.     

Childcare quality and pricing: evidence from Wisconsin

Childcare prices vary dramatically both between and within states. We identify the effects of demographic and provider characteristics on childcare pricing, but focus primarily on whether unique government-provided information on childcare quality has an effect on pricing. Using provider-level observations across three adjacent counties in southern Wisconsin, we find that this government-provided information on childcare quality does not significantly affect pricing. Recognizing that information asymmetry may be the root cause of the insignificant relationship, we test the relationship further within multiple subsamples and with alternative models. Only the lowest quality childcare providers are significantly associated with lower prices in areas that we hypothesize suffer from greater information asymmetry.     

健康教育对血液透析患者生存质量的影响

目的探讨健康教育对血液透析患者生存质量的影响。方法抽取本中心新加入规律血液透析患者共52例,随机分成两组,观察组和对照组各26例。对照组进行常规护理;观察组在对照组基础上实施健康教育护理干预,随访观察12个月后,对比两组患者的营养状况、心理情绪、社会角色、运动等生活质量相关指标的变化。结果观察组接受系统的健康教育后营养状况、心理健康、社会角色等各项相关生存质量有明显改善,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论全面系统的健康教育,可明显提高规律血液透析患者的生存质量。     

God save the queen,god save us all? Monarchies and institutional quality

Until the beginning of the 20th century, monarchy was the predominant constitutional form and is still in place today in many countries. However, although a voluminous body of research is concerned with the consequences of constitutions for human development and institutional quality, research on the consequences of monarchy is almost non‐existent. This paper explores the effects of monarchy on economic institutional quality and provides evidence that monarchies are associated with significantly better institutions. Robustness checks indicate that this result cannot be explained through alternative channels such as monarchies being on average richer or smaller.     

替吉奥联合奥沙利铂在晚期结肠癌化疗中的临床效果及不良反应

目的 探讨晚期结肠癌患者应用替吉奥联合奥沙利铂化疗治疗的临床效果及不良反应发生情况.方法 选取2018年1—12月沈阳市肛肠医院收治的70例晚期结肠癌患者作为研究对象,采用随机双盲法分为观察组与对照组,各35例.观察组采用替吉奥联合奥沙利铂行化疗治疗,对照组采用奥沙利铂行化疗治疗,比较两组患者化疗期间不良反应发生率、治...     

企业碳信息披露的动机与影响因素 ——基于上证社会责任指数成分股企业的分析

为实现碳达峰、碳中和承诺,企业作为温室气体基本排放源有责任进行高水平的碳管理和高质量的碳信息披露。本文选取我国上证社会责任指数成分股企业为样本,构建了碳信息披露评价指标体系,从质量和数量两个维度刻画企业碳信息披露水平,实证检验了企业碳信息披露与其碳排放的关系,并检验了外部制度压力对上述关系的调节作用。研究结果表明:企业碳信息披露水平、质量、数量与其碳排放显著正相关,且是出于合法性管理的动机进行碳信息披露;企业碳排放量越多,则更倾向于通过提高碳信息披露数量来提高碳信息披露水平;高碳排放行业企业碳排放显著正向影响碳信息披露水平、质量、数量,显著负向影响碳信息披露的结构,而非高碳行业企业碳信息披露水平、质量与其碳排放的相关关系并不显著;来自企业外部的压力显著弱化企业碳信息披露水平、数量与其碳排放的正相关关系。本文的研究结论有助于寻求推动企业积极披露碳信息、提高碳管理水平的有效路径,也为企业碳信息制度建设提供了理论依据。     

What explains trade costs? Institutional quality and other determinants

This paper investigates the impact of institutional quality on trade costs across 133 countries during 1995–2014. The results show that good institutional quality significantly reduces the three types of trade costs, that is, total trade costs, trade costs of agricultural goods, and trade costs of manufactured goods. Furthermore, the effect of institutional quality is significant in reducing trade costs with regard to the different trading country pairs, the different subperiods, the components of institutional quality, and the endogeneity issue. This paper contributes to the literature by confirming a significant and negative relationship between institutional quality and trade costs from a global perspective.     

The quality and variety of exports from the new EU member states

The goal of this article is to evaluate the variety and quality of exports from the new EU member states (NMSs) in the period 1999–2009. The practical relevance of such an analysis is threefold: recent studies underline the importance of export variety for economic growth; empirical results show that export variety was influenced by the EU membership; and looking separately at export quality permits a better understanding of price competitiveness. Our results show that all NMSs significantly increased the average number of brands exported to the EU market, the largest increases being observed in 2004 and after. This indicates that integration into the EU market occurs in the extensive as well as the intensive dimension. We also find that all NMSs increased the average quality of their exports during the decade studied although there are differences between countries. Thus, a large part of the increase in the prices of exports from NMSs resulted from improving quality and did not result in a loss of competitiveness. Finally, estimates of relative quality are much more stable than relative prices, suggesting that our measure of relative quality is better than the traditional proxy.