A tale of two clusters: knowledge and emergence

Cluster emergence is an important topic but weakly conceptualized in the literature. Focusing on the interaction of the local knowledge pool and firm growth, the paper develops a comprehensive framework to understand cluster emergence. In the framework, the cluster formation process starts with the collision of local and external knowledge which generates an innovation and stimulates the creation of local pioneering firms in a new field. To support the growth of follow-up entrants in the new industry, the local knowledge pool needs to be expanded and deepened through local knowledge sharing and external knowledge inflows. The enlarged local knowledge pool enables local firms to grow and explore other fields further. To promote cluster emergence, public policies need to facilitate the interaction of the local knowledge pool and firm growth. The paper illustrates the interactive framework with two aluminum extrusion clusters in China that emerged in different ways over different time periods.     

产业集群创业人才素质模型构建

借鉴相关研究成果,结合对产业集群创业人才素质的理论分析,并基于"资本"的视角构建了由心理资本、关系资本和能力资本三个维度组成的产业集群创业人才素质模型。在此基础上,为验证模型的科学性,设计产业集群创业人才素质调查问卷,运用SPSS和LISREL软件对问卷调查数据进行验证性因子分析,因子分析结果支持产业集群创业人才素质模型的理论建构,并显示该模型具有较高的拟合度和稳定性。     

产业集群组织范式视角的中小企业创新机理研究

中小企业集群与中小企业创新是当今经济领域内的两个重要课题。企业技术创新不是一个孤立的事件和活动,而是一个社会的、复杂的、互动的过程。产业集群是中小企业创新的有效平台和方式。中小企业利用集群方式进行技术创新,这同时促进了中小企业和产业集群竞争优势的提升。中小企业要想有效利用集群平台以技术创新,需要进行主动性的管理,如知识共享、提高吸收能力、构建分工协作网络等。这些要素与集群企业技术创新、集群竞争优势之间是一个正反馈的不断增强的过程。     

产业集群创新中行业协会的“囚徒困境”分析及措施

企业之间的相互信任、知识共享及分工协作是产业集群形成和发展的基础,也是产业集群创新的关键。文章从这个原则出发,引入了"囚徒困境"博弈模型,分析了两个企业在产业集群合作创新中可能会遇到的困境以及策略,并针对性地提出了构建产业集群内的行业协会来促进企业间合作创新的观点以及一系列政策措施建议。     

全球管道、知识守门者与战略性新兴产业集群发展——来自苏州高新区IC产业集群的案例

在发展国家战略性新兴产业集群背景下,构建跨越国界、多元异质的“全球管道”,有利于我国战略性新兴产业集群的“全球-本地”互动,促进产业集群的知识更新和技术发展。战略性新兴产业集群中的知识守门者不断构建和发展了集群的“全球管道”,并通过知识吸收、知识转译和知识扩散三种知识行为,将集群外的高端异质性知识持续地转移至本地集群,从而有效激发“本地蜂鸣”,促进集群的知识更新。苏州IC(集成电路)产业集群的案例印证了上述观点。我国战略性新兴产业应重视和培育集群“知识守门者”,促进集群“全球管道”的拓展、构建以“知识守门者”为核心的“本地蜂鸣”机制,充分赋予“知识守门者”在领导集群企业协同创新方面的制度合法性。     

论缄默知识在集群创新系统中的传递

产业集群创新系统作为产业创新的助推器,其重要的特点是在其网络下的知识的传递,产业集群内部的知识分为两类,显性知识与缄默知识。缄默知识为产业技术创新成功的重要知识资源,本文对缄默知识的概念做了简单的介绍,并重点研究了其在集群创新系统中的流动与传递,进一步说明了集群创新系统对缄默知识的促进作用。     

基于产业集群度视角的产业集群品牌建设研究

产业集群发展的成熟与否表现为产业集群度的高低。产业集群度取决于产业集群品牌的建设。我国产业集群发展的困局在于集而不群。集而不群的根本原因在于产业集群品牌建设不足导致产业集群度不高,影响产业集群的发展,制约其竞争力的提升。合理选择产业集群群内的产业组织结构、建立集群内完善的中间组织和政府的公共服务体系,强化产业集群品牌推广传播,可推动产业集群品牌建设,提升产业集群度,解决产业集群集而不群的问题。     

意大利家具产业集群发展的经验对我国区域产业发展的启示

研究国外产业集群的经验与做法,对于积极推动区域产业发展有重要的现实意义。由于我国产业集群大部分也是中小企业组成,这一点和意大利家具产业集群非常相似,对于现阶段的我国有必要借鉴国外产业集群发展的经验,从而把握区域产业发展的一些特性,根据产业集群发展的一般规律,对已经或正在形成的产业集群加大扶持力度,以集群化作为区域产业发展战略的重点。     

基于产业集群类型的区域产业品牌发展研究

区域背景下的产业品牌发展研究是近年来研究的热点问题。但对品牌建设理解简单化,使得许多地区产业品牌建设出现混乱、缓慢的现象。首先,以晋江鞋业为例分析产业集群与区域产业品牌之间的互动关系;其次,以产业集中度为分类标准将四种不同的产业类型,结合区域产业品牌与产业集群的互动关系,提出了建设区域产业品牌的相关政策建议。     

基于企业家创新的集群企业电子商务产生机理研究——以浙江省产业集群为例

具有创新特性的企业家一般更为倾向于在本企业采用创新事物,集群企业电子商务产生的一种重要模式就是基于企业家创新而来的。企业家的这种创新特性表现为企业家的创新精神、企业家掌握的电子商务知识以及企业家对采用电子商务的态度。同时,基于企业家创新的集群企业电子商务产生过程还受到客户、政府部门、信息技术服务商等外在因素的影响。     

Emerging (internet) industry and agglomeration: Internet entrepreneurs coping with uncertainty

Emerging industries are not rare elements in the economy; rather, they constitute a permanent feature in constantly developing and changing economic environments. However, the emergence of new industries is rarely painless or particularly straightforward processes; actors involved in these processes are confronted with uncertainties of which some are exclusive to emerging industries. A distinctive example of these processes was the emergence of the internet industry in Sweden and the agglomeration of internet firms in central Stockholm. Through three levels of uncertainty: (1) the newness of the technology introduced to the public and the emerging markets; (2) the process of developing new markets and approaching new customers and (3) the renegotiating of pre-existing structures and flexible ways of organizing work and labour, this article argues that agglomerations or local urban milieus play a crucial role to actors (internet entrepreneurs) coping with uncertainty. Agglomerations or urban milieus compose a necessary infrastructure for (1) negotiating industrial legitimacy, and thus establishing structures and procedures in the emerging industry; (2) discovering market opportunities and (3) informal relations necessary in making flexible labour markets efficient.     

What drives the effectiveness of industrial clusters? Exploring the impact of contextual,structural and functioning determinants

This study examines how contextual, structural and functioning characteristics of industrial clusters influence their effectiveness. We develop a conceptual framework that identifies potential influencing factors, validate the factors statistically, and estimate the factors’ impact on cluster effectiveness. Our results show that among the important determinants of cluster effectiveness are long-term planning security and procedural trust among the cooperating firms (contextual conditions), formalized rules and sustainable structures (structural elements), and clear goals and tasks (functioning characteristics). However, the results also reveal that some determinants assessed as important in the literature do not seem to have a positive impact on effectiveness. Our results not only modify general assumptions in cluster research concerning the drivers of cluster effectiveness, but also assist firms and policy-makers in conceptualizing successful new clusters.     

晋江产业集群的物流运作模式探讨

从产业集群中的供应链入手。阐述了产业集群和物流是怎样通过供应链这一个共同的媒介联系起来的，并就，晋江的产业集群的物流模式作一探讨。     

成都产业集群发展研究

产业集群是推动区域经济发展的重要力量,文章介绍和总结了产业集群的概念和特征,通过调查研究分析了成都产业集群现状,并着重分析了成都市产业集群面临的问题,根据实际发展情况提出了适合成都市产业集群的建议和对策。     

我国软件产业集群治理问题研究

利用集群模式发展软件产业成为世界各国的通行做法。软件产业集群有四种典型治理模式,并且治理模式随集群发展也在不断演进。针对我国软件产业集群治理中存在的问题,应当进行集群整合,优化治理模式,强化内部合作机制,提升服务层次,从而增强集群治理的有效性。     

Developing a framework for network and cluster identification for use in economic development policy-making

Drawing on extensive academic research concerning clusters and networks, this paper seeks to create a framework capable of reviewing and monitoring different aspects of clusters and networks on an ongoing basis. The nine-element framework allows evaluation of the structures and processes for the eight basic cluster types identified from the literature. The use of this framework as a complimentary tool to the Multi-sectoral Qualitative Analysis (MSQA) methodology is then demonstrated using three examples (the construction, hardwood timber and higher education sectors). The data was gathered from three sets of key stakeholders (government, institutions and industry) provided from a recent study funded by the Welsh Assembly Government's Small Grants Research Programme. These cases illustrate the use of the framework in helping to generate the initial information necessary for subsequent cluster development policy (within overall regional economic development) by government to occur. The framework provides tools for reviewing and monitoring individual sectors. Information captured within the framework can also help in ameliorating problems in sectors likely to decline further. The need for further development research is also identified. Specifically at the level of the firm and network, there is a need to generate a more detailed framework of analysis of factors that contribute to successful processes of network management, learning and innovation, from which more detailed policy could be enacted in future.     

基于产业集群环境下的泉州物流业发展研究

随着产业经济的发展,在区域经济中涌现出了大量各具特色的产业集群。以福建省泉州市为例,泉州产业集群经济快速发展,是全市经济发展的重要组成部分,泉州也成为了全国产业集群效应最明显的地区之一。区域经济的快速发展给物流业提供了良好的机会,然而当前泉州市物流业发展还远远不能满足产业集群经济发展的需要,产业集群经济对物流业提出了更高的要求。因此,只有加快解决物流业现存的问题才能更好地服务于区域经济,为加快产业集群优化升级和区域经济的发展做出贡献。     

The transformation between exploration and exploitation applied to inventors of packaging innovations

While the inventor is often the driver of an invention in the early stages, he/she needs to move between different social networks for knowledge in order to create and capture value. The main objective of this research is to propose a literature-based framework based on innovation network theory and complemented with C–K theory, in order to analyze the invention/innovation process of inventors and the product concepts in a packaging industry context. Empirical input from three case studies of packaging inventions and their inventors is used to elaborate the suggested framework.The article identifies important gaps in the literature of innovation networks. This is addressed through a theoretical framework based on network theories, complemented with C–K theory for the product design level. The strength-of-ties dimension of the theoretical framework suggests, in agreement with the mainstream literature and the cases presented, that weak ties are required to access the knowledge related to exploration networks and strong ties are required to utilize the knowledge in the exploitation network. The transformation network is an intermediate step acting as a bridge where entrepreneurs can find required knowledge. The transformation network is also an intermediate step where entrepreneurs find financing and companies interested in commercializing inventions.     

品牌驱动战略下的农业产业集群供应链体系研究

通过农产品供应链"子网络"对农业产业集群内部网络结构进行重塑,有利于提高农业产业集群网络组织化程度。农业产业集群内各个核心企业通过品牌驱动战略对供应链进行协调,促进本企业供应链竞争力的提升以及农业产业集群区域品牌竞争力的提升。应采取相应措施落实品牌驱动战略下的农业产业集群供应链体系构建。     

装备制造业集群知识管理过程研究

本文首先分析了装备制造业集群知识的基本特征,然后对装备制造业集群的知识的各层次进行分析,并对其内部的知识网络分析,最后建立并分析装备制造业集群内外知识管理过程模型。