国家高新区对外贸易、高新技术企业占比影响创新效率的实证研究

加快推进国家高新区发展，是提高创新竞争力、实现经济高质量发展的重要途径。运用超效率DEA模型测算2013-2017年国家高新区创新效率，利用面板数据模型考察对外贸易、高新技术企业发展与创新效率的相关关系及地区差异。研究表明：我国东部地区国家高新区创新效率相对较高，中部地区、西部地区、东北地区高新区创新效率差异明显；国家高新区对外贸易、高新技术企业占比对高新区创新效率提升具有显著正向促进作用，且存在显著正向时滞效应；国家高新区对外贸易、高新技术企业占比对国家高新区创新效率的影响存在地区差异。新时代全面提升国家高新区创新效率，应以高新技术企业为主体，以进一步扩大开放为路径，注重开放贸易、高新技术企业发展相关政策的阶段性与针对性调整。     

Trade liberalization,the exchange rate and job flows in Brazil

Brazil underwent a large trade liberalization process in the 1990s. Over the period, manufacturing employment decreased significantly, generating public debate on the need to revert liberalization. This paper aims to identify the actual effect of trade liberalization on employment, separating it from exchange rate movements using a gross job flow approach. Our novel dataset covers all sectors and formally registered enterprises, and we use new sector specific exchange rate data. Our estimates suggest that greater openness reduce jobs through increased job destruction, with no effect on job creation, but the exchange rate matters also. Depreciations expand the number of jobs in manufacturing by increasing creation, with no effect on destruction.     

G VC嵌入、无形资产要素与装备制造企业价值创造效率

将GVC因素引入企业价值创造体系中,基于效率视角揭示无形资产对企业价值创造的影响机理,以及GVC对该影响的调节机理,构建机理框架模型并提出研究假设。基于效率视角,选择无形资产对企业价值创造影响的评价方法并构建相应测度模型。基于中国装备制造企业数据进行实证研究,测度各无形资产要素对企业价值创造的影响方向和影响强度,以及GVC对无形资产影响的调节作用。最后,提出GVC下提升中国企业价值创造效率的策略建议。结果发现：品牌资产、知识产权、技术创新、产品功能和人力资源质量对企业价值创造均具有正向影响,而人力资源数量和有形资产则具有负向影响;GVC因素对企业价值创造具有正向影响,但影响强度不大;GVC对无形资本对企业价值创造效率的影响具有正向调节作用;通过嵌入GVC、重视企业品牌建设、加强企业技术创新和知识产权积累、提升企业人力资源质量等策略,可以有效提升企业价值创造效率。     

Manufacturing growth and local employment multipliers in China

We study the impact of employment growth in manufacturing on job creation in the non-tradable sector for prefecture-level cities in China. Using the 2000 and 2010 Censuses of Population, we apply the shift-share approach to isolate the exogenous change of employment growth in manufacturing. For every hundred new manufacturing jobs, we find that 34 additional jobs are created in the non-tradable sector. We also show that the effect is heterogeneous along a number of dimensions. More specifically, one new job in high-technology manufacturing creates more jobs in the non-tradable sector while low-technology manufacturing employment growth has no significant multiplier effect. Among the non-tradable industries, the multiplier is the largest for wholesale, retail, and catering. Finally, the effect is also geographically heterogeneous, with the multiplier being greater for inland regions.     

基于载体产品定价过程的开发区经济系统运行分析

将开发区载体产品的定价过程作为研究对象,通过对开发区经济系统中政府主体、企业主体以及其交易关系的分析,将开发区载体产品的供给与需求问题作为研究开发区经济系统运行的基本切入点。通过政府主体效用函数以及企业主体利润函数的引入,建立了开发区载体产品定价机制模型。通过对该模型的分析发现,开发区载体产品定价机制模型表面上是新古典经济学分析框架下利用厂商分析模型的例子,然而定价机制中所体现的供给需求均衡过程实质上却是在政府主体的效用最大化满足与企业主体的利润最大化追求过程中相互博弈与均衡的结果,其结果是作为交易双方纽带的开发区载体产品的价格实现均衡。     

Special Economic Zones in Developing and/or Transition Economies: a Policy Proposal

Making use of a global partitioning (disintegration) approach, a novel necessary and sufficient condition for the creation of Pareto‐improving special economic zones is derived. It is shown that the establishment of a special economic zone may be desirable even if foreign investment has an immiserization effect. The present approach allows not only for the use of mobile but also immobile domestically owned factors in the special economic zone. Adopting a political economy perspective, multihousehold economies with and without the feasibility of lump‐sum compensation are modeled. It is shown that, subject to a certain condition, the setting up of special economic zones accompanied by appropriate tax policies results in an increase in government revenue. The latter may be used to finance much‐needed investment in infrastructure or the production of public goods.     

Job creation and job types – New evidence from Danish entrepreneurs

We extend earlier analyses of the job creation of start-ups versus established firms by considering the educational content of the jobs created and destroyed. We define education-specific measures of job creation and job destruction at the firm level, and we use these measures to construct a measure of “surplus job creation”, defined as jobs created on top of any simultaneous destruction of similar jobs in incumbent firms in the same region and industry. Using Danish employer-employee data from 2002–2007 that identify the start-ups and that cover almost the entire private sector, these measures allow us to provide a more nuanced assessment of the role of entrepreneurial firms in the job-creation process than in previous studies. Our findings show that although start-ups are responsible for the entire overall net job creation, incumbents account for more than one-third of net job creation within high-skilled jobs. Moreover, start-ups “only” create approximately half of the surplus jobs and even less of the high-skilled surplus jobs. Finally, our approach allows us to characterise and identify differences across industries, educational groups and regions.     

BIM技术应用对建设工程创新影响机理研究

当前,BIM引发了建设行业一次史无前例的创新变革。BIM技术应用既是一种技术创新行为,更是创新引擎,系统研究BIM对建设工程创新的影响机理具有重要意义。基于路径创造理论和交易区理论构建研究模型并提出相应假设,运用案例研究方法对BIM技术应用对建设工程创新的影响机理进行探究。结果显示,BIM主要通过为创新网络参与组织提供创新路径影响作用和创建交易区而对建设工程创新产生显著影响。     

Governance and Management of Collective User‐Based Enterprises: Value‐Creation Strategies and Organizational Configurations

Abstract The evolution of the collective enterprise may be conceptualized in three phases throwing into relief five strategies for the creation of value. The first corresponds to the emergence of a collective enterprise, an innovation in itself. The second, the spread of the innovation by replication, is linked to federalization and to the beginning of standardization. The tension between innovation and standardization begin to make a difference as early as this replication phase, but later it becomes more critical. It forces the collective enterprise to avoid wholesale standardization, an outmoded option, and instead allows space for considering one of the two strategies for the creation of value in keeping both with its distinctive social economy identity and with the new strategic approaches centred on the competences of the enterprise and the creation of value for the user. Thus, the collective user enterprise may move forward by focusing, i.e., by even greater innovation in its provision for a target group of members. The collective enterprise may also progress by hybridization, i.e., through re‐combining in a better way the innovation and standardization required to respond, effectively and efficiently, to a group of owners that is not only very large, but also highly diversified. The authors identify the organizational configuration for each pattern of value‐creation by concentrating on governance structures and the role of managers .     

On the persistence of job creation in old and new firms

We analyze the persistence of new jobs in new and old firms. This measure assesses the sustainability of job creation in different circumstances. We find that new jobs in Austria last significantly longer in new than in old firms.     

盛隆“群体老板制”管理模式及要素构成

共创共享时代和互联网技术应用给企业管理带来了新的机遇与挑战。以备受社会关注的盛隆“群体老板制”为研究对象，通过扎根理论探究其共创共享管理模式及构成要素，运用组织竞合理论和目标融合理论，解析共创共享模式中要素间的内在逻辑关系。提出“以哲学共有为基础，以培养人才为核心”的企业构建理念，阐述以此为基础产生的独特分配机制和运营机制，通过组织和个人目标融合，形成共创共享的个人和组织命运共同体。既能丰富共创共享时代组织管理理论，也能基于中国情境从优秀的组织共创共享管理实践中找出成功的秘诀，以帮助企业应对时代挑战，为管理者提供重要的实践指导。     

开发区与企业动态成长机制*--基于企业进入、退出和增长的研究

开发区的高速增长到底是源自寻求“政策租”所导致的短期“虚假繁荣”,还是通过集聚效应推动企业迅速成长而形成的长期表现？回答好这一问题,对于开发区政策的效果评价和进一步完善至关重要。然而,现有研究对此却语焉不详。文章在识别开发区企业的基础上,实证检验了开发区对企业进入、退出和成长的作用,以及开发区增长效应的可持续性,揭示了开发区影响地区经济增长的微观机制。研究发现：(1)开发区会吸引高效率企业进入,并降低开发区内企业的退出风险,从而使得开发区内净进入企业数目显著增加,这意味着开发区政策是吸引企业入驻并加强集聚经济的重要因素;(2)开发区显著提高了企业的就业增长、生产率增长和销售增长,这表明开发区政策和集聚经济的增长效应十分明显;(3)企业“入驻”开发区初期,“政策租”带来了短期的快速增长,而开发区内自我加强的集聚经济对企业成长具有长期的促进作用,这说明开发区的增长效应具有可持续性。文章肯定了开发区实践对企业动态成长的长期积极影响,这不仅为开发区政策绩效的评估提供了更为全面的认识,而且也为开发区的进一步发展和完善提供了重要启示。     

Automation and the employment elasticity of fiscal policy

This paper investigates whether automation (the use of industrial robots in production) makes fiscal policy less powerful for stimulating job creation. It posits that a fiscal stimulus will lead to fewer new jobs if the supplementary demand that it creates can be met by using more robots in production processes. Using data for 18 European countries over recent decades, including data on the use of industrial robots, our results show three main findings. First, the pace of automation for the average country in the sample has halved the sensitivity of employment to fiscal stimulus. Second, manufacturing industry employment reacts less to fiscal stimulus in the presence of rapid automation as the average substituability between labor and machines is relatively higher. Third, low-skill jobs as well as women employment are less sensitive to fiscal stimulus in the presence of rapid robot use. We conclude that the effectiveness of fiscal policy in expanding job creation faces an important challenge in a world undergoing structural changes such as the rapid pace of automation.     

对完善企业集团内部会计委派制的探讨

会计委派制是为了规范经营者行为,维护所有者利益,治理会计信息失真而进行的会计管理体制的创新。但会计委派制还处于初始阶段,无论在理论还是在实践上都没有达到成熟。本文在前人研究的基础上,分析了集团内部会计委派制的缺陷,并对有关对策进行了初步探讨。     

把握企业思想政治工作的切入点

随着现代企业制度的建立和企业改革的不断深入,企业思想政治工作也面临着诸多新的问题。思想政治工作要改革创新,更好地适应现代企业发展变化的实际情况,就必须把求实作为思考和解决问题、检验工作成效的尺度。     

Individual discount rates forecast county-level unemployment change

We use a national survey to estimate individuals’ discount rates for job creation in the community and test whether impatience for jobs is associated county-level unemployment change outcomes in subsequent years. Our results suggest that impatience for jobs is a possible forecast variable for future modelling efforts. To explore whether the impatience effect is general or simply limited to attitudes about local job creation, the same survey asked about discount rates for local amenity development and personal financial windfall. We find that job growth discount rates perform best for forecasting.     

创新驱动下高新区集聚与扩散功能实现路径

集聚和扩散是创新驱动下高新区的核心功能，对于高新区可持续发展有着重要意义。首先，构建创新驱动、传导机制以及高新区功能三者关系的理论模型，由此提出研究假设；然后，运用结构方程模型并选取115个国家高新区企业作为样本进行实证研究。结果发现：①创新制度对高新区集聚功能的实现有正向影响，并且该影响通过创新型人才和金融共同发挥作用，即两者在实现路径上有完全中介效应；②创新环境正向影响高新区扩散功能的实现，且该影响主要通过创新型人才产生作用，即创新型人才在传导路径上有部分中介效应，而创新型金融的作用不明显。     

企业主导型高新技术开发区营销平台设计研究

改革开放后的20多年间,我国共建立了53个国家级高新技术开发区。高新区的成立有效地促进了各地高新技术产业的发展,为地方经济发展作出了很大的贡献。以企业主导型高新区为研究对象,讨论了它的发展特点。论证了合理营销平台设计对高新区发展的必要性,并提出了适合不同发展阶段的营销组织结构。     

论西部开发中的就业创造

就业创造是西部大开发中应关注的一个重要问题。本文分析了西部地区就业创造的主要困难 ,进而揭示出西部地区就业创造的基本思路 :即坚持发展是硬道理 ,鼓励创业 ,积极发展各类教育 ,增加人力资本 ,注重劳动密集型产业的发展 ,重视农业和农村发展 ,以及搞好民族地区的计划生育工作等八项措施 ,千方百计创造就业机会 ,降低高失业率。     

Bolivia’s Institutional Transformation: Contact Zones,Social Movements,and the Emergence of an Ethnic Class Consciousness

Over the past two decades, development economics has experienced a shift in focus from standard neoclassical analysis to institutions. While studying economic institutions is indeed important, evaluating their transformation and embeddedness is equally crucial for understanding and improving human wellbeing, especially in countries where market institutions are not fully developed. With that perspective in mind, we consider the importance of culture in the evolution of institutions in Bolivia by combining the concept of contact zones with old institutional economics (OIE). Contact zones refer to daily interactions in social spaces where culture and class meet and negotiate with each other. The contact zone between Bolivians and post-WWII development policies surfaced as an Andean collective memory, allowing for a possibility of social and political autonomy through the creation of an alternative to development, El Buen Vivir.