共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Mikael Sandberg 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2007,17(1):1-23
Fundamental correspondence and analogies between the evolution of technological and biological innovations call for an ‘innovation
Darwinian’, ‘universal Darwinian’ or ‘memetic’ approach to understanding technology innovation. Neo-institutional, in fact
pseudo-Lamarckian evolutionary economic theory, represented by North, Nelson and Winter, Freeman and others, is criticized.
Pseudo-Lamarckian (“by volition”) evolution is explained and analyzed on Darwinian grounds (as intentional and artificial
selection), as is Schumpeter’s definitions of creative and imitative innovation. Data from a web survey among Swedish public
and private organizations in 1999 are studied. Data show that Darwinian co-evolutionary interaction between producers and
users or clients provide essential conditions and stronger influence on creative IT innovations than both ‘Lamarckian’ strategies
and competition.
相似文献
Mikael SandbergEmail: |
2.
This paper is organized as follows: first, we show that the reference to the notion of group selection is coherent with the
other parts of Hayek’s thought. Second, we develop the idea that recent works in terms of the emergence and evolution of social
norms corroborate in part Hayek’s theses in this domain. Finally, we put to the fore some drawbacks in Hayek’s approach and
propose means to solve them.
相似文献
Pierre GarrousteEmail: |
3.
Pierre Garrouste 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2008,21(4):251-269
This paper presents an analysis of the way the Austrian theory of institutions evolved from Menger’s main works. It also tries
to advance the idea that the economics of institutions, when it deals with the emergence and evolution of rules and norms
from interacting individuals, is inspired by Menger’s work and more generally by the Austrian analysis of the emergence and
evolution of institutions. Recent works in the economics of institutions build on this earlier Austrian work to make it more
formalized and testable.
相似文献
Pierre GarrousteEmail: |
4.
This study examines the impact of a stamp tax rate increase on market behavior, using data from two stock exchanges in China. We find that when the tax rate increases from 0.3 to 0.5% (which implies that the transaction cost increases by about 1/3) trading volume decreases by 1/3. This implies an elasticity of turnover with respect to a stamp tax of −50% and an elasticity of turnover with respect to transaction cost of −100%. The markets’ volatility significantly increases after the increase in the tax rate. Furthermore, the change in the volatility structure indicates that the markets become less efficient in the sense that shocks are less quickly assimilated in the markets.
相似文献
Badi H. Baltagi (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dong LiEmail: |
Qi LiEmail: |
5.
Hardy Hanappi 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2008,18(2):275-289
The goal of this paper is to highlight the importance of the concept of choice. To do so, a synopsis of the most important
contributions to this topic—featuring an eclectic set of scholars across disciplines—is provided. As central to the argument,
John von Neumann’s contributions, game theory and simulation techniques on von Neumann machines, are identified. Innovation
(economic and theoretic) as the driving force behind human evolution seems to head for a new scientific paradigm based on
von Neumann’s ideas.
相似文献
Hardy HanappiEmail: |
6.
Darwinism in economics: from analogy to continuity 总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2
Christian Cordes 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2006,16(5):529-541
Currently there is an ongoing discussion about how Darwinian concepts should be harnessed to further develop economic theory. Two approaches to this question, Universal Darwinism and the continuity hypothesis, are presented in this paper. It is shown whether abstract principles can be derived from Darwin’s explanatory model of biological evolution that can be applied to cultural evolution. Furthermore, the relation of the ontological basis of biological and cultural evolution is clarified. Some examples illustrate the respective potential of the two approaches to serve as a starting-point for theory development.
相似文献
Christian CordesEmail: |
7.
The paper studies the dynamics of firm size in a repeated Cournot game with unknown demand function. We model the firm as
a type of artificial neural network. Each period it must learn to map environmental signals to both a demand parameter and
its rival’s output choice. However, this learning game is in the background, as we focus on the endogenous adjustment of network
size. We investigate the long-run evolution of firm/network size as a function of profits, rival’s size, and the type of adjustment
rules used.
相似文献
Jason BarrEmail: |
8.
Friederike Mengel 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2009,19(3):397-415
We analyze a local interaction model where agents play a bilateral prisoner’s dilemma game with their neighbors. Agents learn
about behavior through payoff-biased imitation of their interaction neighbors (and possibly some agents beyond this set).
We find that the Eshel et al. (Am Econ Rev 88:157–179, 1998) result that polymorphic states are stochastically stable in such a setting is not robust. In particular, whenever agents
use information also of some agents beyond their interaction neighbors, the unique stable outcome is one where everyone chooses
defection. Introducing a sufficiently strong conformist bias into the imitation process, we find that full cooperation always
emerges. Conformism is thus identified as a new mechanism that can stabilize cooperation.
相似文献
Friederike MengelEmail: |
9.
On the distribution of product price and quality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alex Coad 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2009,19(4):589-604
We investigate the structure of demand by focusing on the distribution of prices within narrowly-defined classes of goods.
We observe considerable heterogeneity—products that are functionally similar but presumably of different ‘quality’ may sell
at very different prices. We analyze distribution of prices for bottles of wine, used cars, houses in London and week-long
holidays in Majorca, and observe in each case that the the resulting distribution is more skewed than the lognormal but less
skewed than a Pareto distribution. We then present a theoretical model whereby products can distinguish themselves along multiple
hedonic dimensions of ‘performance’, with these product attributes being random variables subject to multiplicative interactions.
Variations of this model can reproduce a lognormal price distribution and a Pareto distribution as lower and upper bound benchmarks
(respectively).
相似文献
Alex CoadEmail: |
10.
The recent period of intensive and extensive development of global economic integration, or globalization, has reached a crossroads.
The regime of the neoliberal Great Capitalist Restoration is not sustainable and fundamental governance changes must be made.
This paper adds perspective to the choices that must be made at this critical juncture of the global social economy by applying
the master concepts of Schumpeter’s Creative Destruction and Polanyi’s Protective Response.
相似文献
James Ronald StanfieldEmail: |
11.
This paper investigates various possible meanings of ‘Social Market Economy’—60 years after its political initiation in Germany.
We focus on the variety of intellectual sources that influenced the formation and interpretation of the concept in Germany
during the first half of the last century. Our particular attention is on Müller-Armack’s definition of a rather dualistic
concept of ‘social’ versus ‘market economy’ and the subtle differences it has with an original (Freiburg School) view of ordo-liberalism
that lends itself more easily to a constitutional economics perspective.
相似文献
Michael Wohlgemuth (Corresponding author)Email: |
12.
Robert D. Tollison 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2009,22(2):127-130
Besley’s treatment of principled agents is a major contribution to public choice and political economy. By focusing on politics
as an agency problem, he has shown the way to a new generation of research on the interface of politics and economics.
相似文献
Robert D. TollisonEmail: |
13.
Domenico D’Amico 《Constitutional Political Economy》2007,18(4):301-318
Buchanan’s reflections on monetary issues have been mostly neglected, despite their great interest both per se and for a deeper
understanding of his general constitutional endeavour. We will thus propose a comprehensive assessment of Buchanan’s writings
on this topic, focusing in particular on the different political models that have been developed to argue in favour of constitutional
constraints on the governmental power to create money and on the implications that one can draw from our author’s monetary
papers for the structure and the objectives of his constitutional discourse more generally.
相似文献
Domenico D’AmicoEmail: |
14.
This paper uses a human capital earnings equation to quantify administrative corruption in the public sector. Regression analyses
are conducted based on information from surveys administered to public officials in Albania. After accounting for officials’
characteristics, e.g., schooling, experience, gender, type of agency, and public and private sectors’ features, we deduce
that the administrative corruption was on average 2.6× the officials’ current salary in Albania, which is equivalent to 16.7%
of the country’s GDP.
相似文献
Omer GokcekusEmail: |
15.
Jason Brennan 《Constitutional Political Economy》2007,18(4):287-299
Rawls’ theory of justice is paradoxical, for it requires a society to aim directly to maximize the basic goods received by
the least advantaged even if directly aiming is self-defeating. Rawls’ reasons for rejecting capitalist systems commit him
to holding that a society must not merely maximize the goods received by the least advantaged, but must do so via specific
institutions. By Rawls’ own premises, in the long run directly aiming to satisfy the difference principle is contrary to the
interests of the poor, though it is meant to aid them.
相似文献
Jason BrennanEmail: |
16.
Luiz Fernando Cerqueira Adrian Pizzinga Cristiano Fernandes 《International Advances in Economic Research》2009,15(1):102-114
This paper presents a methodology for estimating the Brazilian GDP quarterly series in the period between 1960–1996. Firstly,
an Engle–Granger’s static equation is estimated using GDP yearly data and GDP-related variables. The estimated coefficients
from this regression are then used to obtain a first estimation of the quarterly GDP, with unavoidable measurement errors.
The subsequent step is entirely based on benchmarking models estimated within a state space framework and consists in improving
the preliminary GDP estimation in order to both eliminate as much as possible the measurement error and that the sum of the
quarterly values matches the annual GDP.
相似文献
Luiz Fernando CerqueiraEmail: |
17.
A note on parental and child risk valuation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The paper develops a model that allows the estimation of parent’s valuation of own and child health, in an endogenous risk
framework, where parents can employ multiple activities to protect themselves and their children from a health risk. These
risk-reducing activities may differ in their effectiveness and their intensity of use. We suggest how to estimate the parent’s
ex ante marginal willingness-to-pay for a reduction in the ambient level of health risk, unencumbered by expected utility
terms.
相似文献
Thomas D. CrockerEmail: |
18.
Antonio Saravia 《Constitutional Political Economy》2008,19(2):129-147
The fall of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in July 2000 marked a milestone in Mexico’s political history. Throughout
its 71 years of incumbency, the PRI had incarnated the set of social, political and economic institutions of the country to
the extent of becoming synonymous with governance and stability. Using a simple model in which institutional change is the
result of the strategic interaction between citizens, an incumbent ruler and a potential new ruler or entrant, we provide
a systematic interpretation of this experience emphasizing the role of evolutionary factors such as history, uncertainty,
learning and experimentation.
相似文献
Antonio SaraviaEmail: |
19.
Mark Jackson 《Constitutional Political Economy》2008,19(2):148-157
Thomas P. M. Barnett argues that globalization’s spread presents the United States and other liberal democracies with two
unprecedented national-security problems, and proposes an ambitious military strategy for their solution. This work argues
that a successful strategy to solve one of these problems must also include rational policy, public policy that makes Adam
Smith’s simple system of natural liberty a reality. Thus, Barnett’s military strategy and rational policy become complementary
elements of a more comprehensive strategy to solve this national-security problem. Knowledge that Smith’s simple system of
natural liberty moves the world toward peace can create a need for rational policy among voters.
相似文献
Mark JacksonEmail: |
20.
Burczak reformulates socialism to escape Hayek’s strictures against central planning. While Hayek supports a social safety
net as well as other liberal reforms, Burczak points out that these reforms fall outside Hayek’s theoretical framework. We
explain that this is because Hayek narrowed the classical economists’ conception of sympathetic agency to imitation and rule
following. By contrast, liberal reform proposals follow from the theoretical framework of Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill.
For Smith and Mill, sympathy is a richer concept in which people change places imaginatively with others. Sympathetic agency
allows a wide range of other regarding actions and political reforms.
相似文献
David M. Levy (Corresponding author)Email: |