煤炭企业如何建设高效综采队——对鹤岗矿业集团南山矿综采一队的调查

鹤岗矿业集团南山矿综采一队始建于1974年,先后使用过英国、波兰、德国及国产C45、C86等十余种综采(综放)设备,始终保持着较高的煤炭生产水平,是南山矿乃至全公司主力采煤队。2002年以来,保持了连续年产破百万吨的高水平,2005年全年原煤产量174.5万吨,刷新集团公司综放单机单面     

Transformational leadership and gatekeeping leadership: The roles of norm for maintaining consensus and shared leadership in team performance

This study focuses on shared leadership in Japanese R&D teams. The effects of both transformational and gatekeeping leaderships of formal leaders on shared leadership are examined. Moreover, the effect of shared leadership on R&D team performance is examined. Hypotheses are tested with a sample of 654 researchers working in 119 R&D industrial research teams in Japan. Results show that transformational leadership has a negative effect on shared leadership through the norm for maintaining consensus such that it positively influences the norm, which in turn negatively influences shared leadership. In contrast, gatekeeping leadership has a direct as well as an indirect positive impact on shared leadership through the norm for maintaining consensus such that it negatively influences the norm, which in turn negatively influences shared leadership. In addition, this study finds that shared leadership positively influences R&D team performance. These results suggest that leadership displayed by team members and that by formal leaders significantly influences team performance. The results are discussed in the context of the unique Japanese work environment.     

Factors affecting the management of interdisciplinary research in the pharmaceutical industry

The author uses the results of recent published behavioural research on team effectiveness as a framework to analyse the problems of managing R&D in pharmaceutical development. The research points to a large number of factors as having a potential impact on managing such R&D which is inescapably multi- or inter-disciplinary in nature. Some such factors may originate outside the team, some within. External factors include organizational climate, R&D decision-making environment, system maturity and organizational form (type of matrix); internal factors include span of responsibility of team members, disciplinary differentiation, task uncertainty, extent of fulfilment of Belbin roles and a significant requirement for flexibility of style on the part of the manager.
The author's conclusion is that achieving effective management of R&D teams in the pharmaceutical R&D environment requires attention to all these factors. The extent to which integration of different disciplines is achieved is symptomatic of the degree to which these factors are understood and attended to.     

The effective use of marketing research consultants

Relatively little has been written about effectively managing the buyer-seller relationship for marketing research services. To provide insights into effectively managing this relationship, a survey of both buyers and sellers of marketing research services was conducted. Major findings were that proper problem definition, a familiarity with research methods by the research buyer, and continuous communication between buyer and seller were critical determinants of a successful consultant relationship. For best results the market research buyer-seller relationship should be treated as a mutually beneficial one, not one of conflict or acrimony.     

SIC System and related data for more effective market research

It is generally acknowledged that the key to obtaining data in the industrial market is a thorough understanding of the Standard Industrial Classification system, commonly referred to as SIC. SIC is a uniform numbering system for classifying establishments in the United States according to the economic activities of those establishments and much has been written about SIC and its applications to industrial marketing management [1]. Not much has been written, however, in regard to the various sources of SIC related data nor how those sources can be used for more effective industrial marketing. The intent of this article is to provide a reference of SIC related data sources and to show how they might be used in practice by an industrial marketing firm.     

浅谈如何解决审计机关依法行政中遇到的问题

为进一步维护国家财政经济秩序，促进廉政建设，保障国民经济健康发展。针对目前审计机关依法行政中遇到的主要问题，提出健全和完善审计法律、法规体系，完善法律法规间的对应关系等建议及解决办法，以供审计人员在工作参考。     

Concepts and contexts in engineering and technology education: an international and interdisciplinary Delphi study

Inspired by a similar study by Osborne et al. we have conducted a Delphi study among experts to identify key concepts to be taught in engineering and technology education and relevant and meaningful contexts through which these concepts can be taught and learnt. By submitting the outcomes of the Delphi study to a panel of experts in a two-day meeting we were able to add structure to the Delphi results. Thus we reached a concise list of concepts and contexts that can be used to develop curricula for education about engineering and technology as a contribution to technological literacy goals in education.     

Membership and management of a 'virtual' team: the perspectives of a research manager

Many sectors of human activity are growing increasingly dependent on information and its contextual processing in the creation of knowledge. Nowhere is this process more crucial than in distributed R&D communities. This paper draws on experience of working in such communities and on investigations into the role of information and communications technologies. This work may have begun to uncover a framework on which to base the effective application of IT in this context.
A recent research study, supported by the EC Human Capital and Mobility Programme, was undertaken by a team which was itself distributed and comprised those with background disciplines in management science, developmental psychology and information technology. It focused on the communications channels (the media) used by international R&D communities and an analysis of the case study data revealed three significant dimensions:
• individuals and their engagement in the community;
• the nature and stages of R&D tasks;
• management and organization of distributed teams.
This paper focuses on the last of these themes whilst drawing upon the others. It reviews the dynamics of R&D tasks and the way that this requires changing organizational styles which establish, support and maintain each individual's contribution to the collective goal as the task passes through the phases of intention, procedure and operation. It begins to address the issue concerned with capitalizing on diversity rather than the more usual approach of always seeking a unifying consensus.     

Designing effective service operations: comparative case research from the Netherlands

This article examines the introduction of centralized processing. It looks at the multiple objectives underlying the initiative and how these were managed in implementation. Drawing on empirical data gathered at three similar sites a comparative analysis of the outcomes of centralization is presented and the variances are explained.     

Learning to think spatially in an undergraduate interdisciplinary computational design context: a case study

Spatial thinking skills are vital for success in everyday living and work, not to mention the centrality of spatial reasoning in scientific discoveries, design-based disciplines, medicine, geosciences and mathematics to name a few. This case study describes a course in spatial thinking and communicating designed and delivered by an interdisciplinary team over a three-year period to first-year university students. Four major elements provide a framework for the sequencing of instruction and acquisition of 2D and 3D spatial thinking and reasoning skills in a computational design context. We describe the process of introducing students to computational design environments beginning with a fun and familiar tool in preparation for a more complex, industry-standard system (SolidWorks). A design project provides diverse student teams an opportunity to integrate and apply foundational spatial concepts and skills including sketching, 2D and 3D representations, as well as digital and physical modeling. Samples of student work illustrate the scaffolding necessary for students to successfully draw upon the spatial thinking and communication skills required to complete their team projects beginning with applying sketching techniques; modeling individual 3D parts; creating digital assemblies; and finally building the equivalent 3D physical model. Key instructional principles provide a framework for the analysis of what worked and what didn’t in relation to spatial skills development in students. The lessons learned are identified along with potential future directions for teaching and learning scholarship in spatial thinking development within a computational design context.     

灌浆工程中一种性能优良的压力变送器的研制与应用

根据灌浆工程的特性,研制了一套动态检测灌浆压力的压力变送器.介绍了压阻式压力变送器的设计要点,重点分析了压阻式传感器的工作原理及配套的油水隔离器的技术特点,同时也介绍了现场应用效果.     

田浩和他的团队倾心打造跨国采购平台

第一幕:从"民以食为天"开始…… 场景 Linda每天大多在上海世贸商城二楼的"五芳美食城"吃中饭,"客饭"标价8元人民币.她在这里工作三年了.她回想起两年前吃中饭的情景就说"不堪回首".卖饭的把预先在外面煮好的饭菜拿到世贸商城二楼的一间空房里,满地的餐具堆得一片狼藉,"又不新鲜,不热,受罪".2004年1月2日后就有了现在的"五芳美食城"了,大家都好多了.所以呢,像她的朋友Mary尽管在旁边的新虹桥大厦上班,但中午也未这里吃饭了.     

Innovation and change in organizational relationships: interdisciplinary contexts

From July 13–15 of 1988 individuals from nine countries gathered at the Manchester Business School for the fifth international conference of INTERSTUDY (the International Association for the Study of Interdisciplinary Research). Entitled Interdisciplinary Research and the World Marketplace, the conference was co-sponsored by the Manchester Business School and the journal R&D MANAGEMENT. Founded in 1980, Inter-study has endeavoured to advance the art and science of IDR (interdisciplinary problem-focussed research) by organizing international meetings for representatives of the academy, industry, and government. Its major accomplishment has been publication of the results of those meetings in four books. These books, along with other publications in the growing field of IDR, provide a valuable collection of resources for scholars, managers, researchers, and practitioners.     

Are Business Incubators Really Creating New Jobs by Creating New Businesses and New Products

This article examines the use of business incubators to enhance industrial innovation and new venture formation. Currently, the number of business incubators is rapidly growing. Yet, we have little solid evidence that such centers actually stimulate the growth and success of either innovations or new ventures. Gerald Udell examines incubators' resources and services in an effort to assess their potential impact. He conducted a survey of two hundred incubators and linked the results to a partial review of the literature to aid in the assessment of business incubators.     

Costs and benefits of an agricultural research institute

This paper represents an attempt to assess the economic impact of a publicly funded agricultural research institute in cost-benefit terms. The institute is the Scottish Plant Breeding Station which was responsible for breeding two successful main-crop potato varieties. Benefits, achieved and prospective, from new crop varieties are calculated from estimates of resources saved in producing constant crops at reduced acreages but with higher yields. Over the timescale 1951-97, costs (discounted at 10/SL to 1972) total 9-7 M/SL and benefits total 29-8 M/SL (of which 21-1 M/SL is attributable to the two successful potatoes). The net present value is estimated as 20-1 M/SL (B/C 3-1) (very probably in the range 12-37 M/SL, B/C 2-2-4-8). In discussion it is pointed out that few cost-benefit studies of agricultural research are available and that the administrative implications of the present study are far from clear. Plant breeding, in general, being largely free of environmental or welfare effects, seems to be economically attractive and socially benign; and it must become even more attractive with rising food prices and land values.     

构建高效财务管理运行机制

文章认为高效财务管理运行机制是以财务预算为前提,以经济效益为中心,以资金和成本管理为重点,以激励和约束为手段的建立现代企业制度的客观要求.     

R&D project team climate and team performance in Korea: A multidimensional approach

This study examined the relationship between R&D team climate and team performance in a developing context, Korea. Given the fragmented results of existing studies in advanced countries, which explored largely the effects of individual dimensions of team climate on team performance, this study focused on the interaction effects among multiple dimensions of team climate. The interaction effects can produce seemingly contradictory or paradoxical bivariate associations between each climate dimension and team performance. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses, using data from 80 R&D project teams in both government-sponsored research institutes and private R&D centres in Korea, revealed the following results. 1. Four dimensions of R&D team climate—autonomy, cohesiveness, change orientation, work pressure—were not positively associated with team performance. Rather, autonomy was found to have a significant negative relationship. 2. Interaction effects of each team climate dimension were partially borne out. When the change orientation or work pressure of a team was high, autonomy had a positive impact on team performance. Otherwise, autonomous team climate deteriorated performance of the team. However, interaction effects between cohesiveness and change orientation or work pressure were not found significant. 3. There appeared three clusters of R&D teams with similar climate characteristics. Teams with high autonomy but a low change orientation exhibited a lower level of performance than the other two clusters—one with low autonomy but high change orientation and work pressure, and the other with a medium level of autonomy and change orientation. The results implied that a holistic team climate, as well as an individual aspect of climate, had a significant impact on team performance. A configuration approach considering interaction effects among various climate aspects would be beneficial for the development of high performing R&D teams.     

Making and maintaining the subject in call centre work

This article reports an ethnographic study of call centre work. Analytics are applied enabling study of relations between power and subjectivity. Findings indicate that organisational 'truth' claims about workers are produced in a constellation of architectural, technological and managerial apparatuses. Workers orient to and reify the power of these claims, even when resisting.     

Top management team turnover as an adaptation mechanism: The role of the environment

Based on an organizational adaptation framework, this study examines the influence of three environmental dimensions–munificence, stability, and complexity–on top management team turnover. In addition to investigating the direct influence of these environmental dimensions, indirect effects through firm performance and strategic change are also examined; the indirect effect of environmental complexity through demographic heterogeneity is also studied. Path analysis indicates that the direct effects of the three environmental dimensions predominate. Indirect effects were nonsignificant except for the effect of instability and munificence through strategic change. By expanding the team turnover context to include environmental and strategic dimensions, in addition to previously examined performance and heterogeneity factors, this study enhances our understanding of managerial turnover as a form of organizational adaptation.