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1.
Paul Simshauser Tim Nelson 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2015,59(4):602-623
Queensland experienced extraordinary growth in booked 2P coal seam gas (CSG) reserves, rising from 3,400 PJ in 2005 to 41,200 PJ in 2013. Given annual domestic consumption of ca. 700 PJ/a, 2P reserves rapidly shifted from 14 to 72 years supply. Profit‐maximising firms sought to speed up commercialisation of reserves through the development of three liquefied natural gas (LNG) export plants at Gladstone. In this article, we present forecasts of Australia's east coast interconnected gas system with daily resolution using our dynamic partial equilibrium model. Modelling results show the rapid development of LNG plants combined with restrictive CSG development policies in NSW may result in unserved load from 2016. Relaxing development constraints or delaying construction of one LNG terminal by 1 year could have avoided the risk of Unserved Load events in the domestic gas market. Lessons can be learned from this CSG‐LNG boom scenario. Facilitating new gas supplies is the most efficient way of alleviating the impacts of the CSG‐LNG boom on domestic markets in the medium term. In the long‐term, Australian policymakers may consider the merits of a National Net Benefits Test to maximise welfare through appropriate coordination – as is done by policymakers in the USA – as opposed to protecting local industries through ‘domestic gas reservation policies’. 相似文献
2.
Graeme J. Doole Alvaro J. Romera 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2014,58(3):471-494
Nutrient emissions from pastoral agriculture are a global cause of declining water quality. Their management is complicated through variability arising from climate and soil influences. This paper compares the implications of input‐based policies and direct restrictions on leaching to achieve 10 and 20 per cent reductions in nitrogen (N) load, in the context of pasture‐based New Zealand dairy farms. The most important mitigation practices on these farms are de‐intensification (involving reductions in N fertiliser application and stocking rate) and the application of nitrification inhibitors. A stylised conceptual model, incorporating both sources of variability, is used to identify the implications of alternative policies. Direct restriction of estimated N leaching is the most cost‐effective policy to reduce N leaching by 10 and 20 per cent. These results indicate the general insufficiency of input‐based mechanisms for water quality improvement, given the low correlation between input use and leaching, possible substitution with unrestricted inputs and their failure to motivate the use of mitigation strategies. Additionally, model output indicates that inherent variability in water quality, mainly due to climate influences, can dominate the benefits of regulatory action in any given year. 相似文献
3.
David A. Fleming Thomas G. Measham 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2015,59(1):78-94
Complementing the scarce economic literature about local impacts of energy extraction booms, this paper empirically investigates economic outcomes related to the new coal seam gas (CSG) industry located across southern Queensland. This Australian state has seen an unprecedented inflow of investments into the extraction of this previously unexploited unconventional natural gas over the last decade. We analyse census data to study income and employment effects associated with the CSG boom, exploiting the quasi‐experimental conditions provided by CSG extraction areas (treatment regions) and regions without this development (control regions). Findings show that treatment regions have higher income growth than control areas during 2001–2011 for families residing locally and for individuals present on census night. Employment in the mining sector also shows higher growth as has non‐mining employment in some areas. We include comparisons between CSG areas with no major mining history (the Surat basin) and CSG areas where mining was important before the CSG boom (the Bowen basin), to better understand boom effects in areas with different initial mining industry importance in their economies. Local job multipliers are also analysed for Surat basin CSG areas, where positive impacts (job spillovers) are restricted to construction and professional services jobs, while agricultural jobs have decreased. 相似文献
4.
研究目的:以人与自然关系辨析为出发点,探究自然资源资产价值的理论认识及实现方式。研究方法:归纳与演绎,实证分析。研究结果:(1)自然资源是客观存在的,具有自然的规律,正确认识人与自然的关系,需要区分人类视角与自然视角;(2)生态文明建设需正确审视人与自然关系,自然资源资产价值认识,以遵循自然资源的客观规律为前提,自然资源资产的经济价值和生态价值以其生产功能和生态功能发挥为基础,应防止自然资源资产及其生态产品的过度资本化;(3)基于自然资源资产价值理论认识与实现,自然资源资产损害赔偿,应以自然资源资产的经济价值损失和生态价值损失为赔偿范围,同时考虑人类目标与自然规律,区分自然资源资产所有者和使用者的权益,自然资源资产价值的市场交易与评估和生态产品价值实现可为损害赔偿标准的确定提供依据。研究结论:在客观存在的自然界,人类的认识与行为是有限的,人类开发利用自然资源必须遵循自然资源的客观规律;自然资源资产价值实现,需要遵循人与自然的内在关系,以加快生态文明建设为根本目标,全面考虑自然资源的自然属性、经济属性、公共属性。 相似文献
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运用系统动力学方法构建了四川天然气勘探开发的系统动力学模型,分析了天然气勘探开发过程中资源税与其他系统要素间的因果关系和反馈机制。通过仿真,分析了此次资源税"从价计征"改革对四川当地政府税收、资源企业收益、天然气勘探开发等造成的影响和冲击,仿真结果表明:资源税改革极大地增加了地方财政收入,公众满意度明显上升;目前暂行5%的税率水平对资源企业盈利影响有限;资源税计税方式的变化对天然气勘探开发的总量影响不大,但从整个勘探开发动态过程而言,从价计征条件下的资源开发速度更加理性,资源开采更加合理。在此基础上进一步分析天然气价格对资源税改革的影响,最后,根据仿真结果提出了我国深化资源税改革的对策建议。 相似文献
6.
David J. Pannell Anna M. Roberts 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2010,54(4):437-456
Perceptions of a salinity ‘crisis’ in Australia around 2000 resulted in the establishment of a major national program that aimed to prevent, stabilize, and reverse trends in salinity. The National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality allocated A$1.4 billion of public funds to 1700 projects over 7 years. Here, we assess the performance of the program in relation to 12 features that we propose as being essential for programs that aim to address complex environmental problems. The features include use of technical information to guide investment prioritization, use of socio‐economic information, effective integration of information for prioritization, selection of appropriate targets, choice of appropriate policy mechanisms, and provision of incentives and support to environmental managers to pursue environmental outcomes cost effectively. Our assessment reinforces findings from a number of public reviews that found serious weaknesses in the program. Overall, with a few exceptions, projects under the National Action Plan generated few worthwhile salinity mitigation benefits and will have little enduring benefit. This was readily foreseeable given attention to the scientific and economic knowledge of salinity available at the time the program was developed. 相似文献
7.
研究目的:厘清自然资源治理的概念、内涵及其与共同富裕的关联逻辑,揭示自然资源治理在扎实推进共同富裕进程中存在的关键挑战,探索改革路径。研究方法:文献资料法和归纳演绎法。研究结果:(1)自然资源治理的内涵包括可持续发展、效率公平兼顾、协同善治;(2)从目标、对象、价值、实践等维度提出了面向共同富裕的自然资源治理框架;(3)共同富裕视角下我国自然资源治理政策经历了“同步富裕”“差异富裕”“多维富裕”三个阶段;(4)自然资源治理在缩小区域、城乡、收入三大差距中,存在一系列体制机制问题,据此提出了优化发展权配置体系、健全城乡融合体制机制、深化有为政府与有效市场的有机结合、提高集约利用水平等改革策略。研究结论:自然资源治理与共同富裕存在紧密联系,亟需以三大差距为锚点,构建系统性与针对性的自然资源治理改革策略,以此强化国土空间治理体系与治理能力,助力共同富裕目标的实现。 相似文献
8.
水利资金关系我国水利事业发展和水利工程建设运营,水利资金政策则是实现资金规范高效使用与管理的依据和保障。在梳理1980—2020年国家层面关于水利资金政策的基础上,从政策特征、政策主体、政策工具及政策主题多维度运用政策计量方法开展水利资金政策文本分析,探究了我国水利资金政策的全貌及演化规律,找寻新时代水利资金政策的发展趋势。研究发现,政策出台数量与经济社会发展进程相适应,水利现代化改革持续深化;为保证水利资金政策的制定和推行协调顺畅,发文主体以政策网络为主,且逐渐呈现多元化主体共商共治趋势;政策工具以命令控制型为主,相伴导向激励和建议辅助,由单一向组合政策工具转变;政策主题由安全性、保障性的刚性需求转变为整体性、协调性的发展需求。研究结果可为水利资金管理与高效使用提供理论参考。 相似文献
9.
Joan Pujol Meri Raggi Davide Viaggi 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2006,50(3):361-380
The viability of irrigated systems in Southern Europe is closely linked to efficient institutional settings and water‐allocation mechanisms. A significant, although not widely used, mechanism for water allocation is an intra‐sectorial water market. The objective of this paper is to evaluate to what extent water markets may contribute to the improvement of the efficiency of water allocation and to the profitability of irrigated agriculture. The related issues of water allocation among farm types and farm specialisation are also addressed. The analysis is based on a basin‐level linear programming model, comparing the situation with and without a market. It includes both fixed and variable transaction costs and estimates their combined effects on market performances. The model is applied in two areas in Southern Italy and Spain, and simulates the behaviour of different farm types, derived from cluster analysis on a sample of farms in each area. The paper confirms that water markets could potentially improve the economic efficiency of water use, in terms of higher profit per hectare, given limited water availability. The potential improvements are associated with a more intense specialisation of farms and are strongly differentiated among farmers, particularly where significant restrictions to water availability occur. This corroborates the expectations of institutional difficulties in implementing water markets. However, the exchanges, and consequently the potential effects of water markets, are heavily affected by the actual level of water availability, as well as the size and the structure (fixed vs. proportional) of transaction costs. The paper calls for a more in‐depth analysis of the connections between market performances and institutional settings, as related to the issue of water‐agriculture policy design and coordination. 相似文献
10.
研究目的:分析全民所有自然资源资产所有权委托代理制度的法律性质,明确其在我国当前法律体系中的基本定位,提出实现机制的建构路径。研究方法:法教义学方法。研究结果:委托代理法律制度必须包含溯及主义这一“理论元层次”,即代理后果溯及本人承担。全民所有委托代理所包含的利益分配机制与溯及主义原则相抵牾,它不能被归入以民事和商事委托代理为典型的委托代理法律制度之中。考虑到全民所有委托代理的核心线索乃是解决激励失灵和逆向选择问题,它与经济学语境下的“委托代理”理论不谋而合。研究结论:全民所有自然资源资产委托代理属于一项宪法性的经济制度,而当它作为法律制度存在且被适用时,其系属一种独特的监护制度。国家信托制度应当作为全民所有委托代理制度的实现机制。 相似文献
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资源学的学科属性及定位问题讨论 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
张文驹 《中国国土资源经济》2004,17(3):4-6
认识自然知识的总结构成基础科学 ,在中国现行学位目录中归属于理学。资源学属于应用理学 ,以地球科学、生物学、天文学为其学科理论基础。资源学、环境学、生态学是同一层次的学科 ,它们是从三个不同角度研究“人与自然和谐发展”的学问。资源经济学建立在资源学和理论经济学基础之上。 相似文献
13.
我国主要能源产品进出口贸易分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
20世纪90年代以来,我国能源产品进出口贸易额和贸易量大幅度增长,在全国货物贸易和矿产品进出口贸易中占有重要的地位。我国能源产品进出口贸易的特点:能源矿产品进出口贸易逆差不断扩大;贸易结构趋于合理;对石油进口的依赖程度不断提高;贸易伙伴向着多元化的方向发展。我国能源产品进出口贸易中存在的主要问题:石油进口的比重偏大,而利用效力高、又清洁的天然气和电力等能源进口比重较低;煤炭和石油进出口量大幅度增长,给我国的交运、港口转运带来了巨大的压力。为此,文章提出:要进一步加强资源外交;加快我国能源消费结构调整的步伐;提高管道石油和天然气的进口量;建立与IEA的合作关系等一些建设性的建议。 相似文献
14.
本文通过对广东、广西、湖南、湖北资源现状的分析 ,预测 2 1世纪南方四省 (区 )森林资源将不能实现可持续发展 ,不能满足社会的需求 ,分析森林资源存在的问题及制约资源发展的因素 ,提出提高林分生长量 ;提高林地利用率 ;提高造材率、出材率 ;节约使用资源 ;加强“三防”工作 ;进口木材等具体措施 ,并确实解决林业比较利益低、税费负担重的问题 ,走规模经营、产业化道路 ,森林资源才可能走上良性循环。 相似文献
15.
胡晓雯 《中国农业资源与区划》2019,40(12):268-275
[目的]通过分析影响上海市休闲农业发展的各类要素,测算不同区域内的集中丰富程度、分区管理全市休闲农业发展布局空间,为后续土地管控政策研究提供基础。[方法]从自然、人文、产业3方面分析了上海全市相关影响要素,并将其空间化; 在专家赋值的基础上,运用GIS软件的叠加分析和缓冲分析等功能,表征不同区域内相关要素的丰富度。[结果](1)上海市休闲农业资源丰富度较高的区域主要有6个:崇明三岛、嘉定区西北部、青西地区、金山区西南部地区、环杭州湾北岸及浦东新区中南部; (2)上海市休闲农业发展空间可划分为3种:重点培育区、优化提升区、限制建设区; (3)分区域制定了不同的土地管控政策,如休闲农业服务功能、休闲农业项目密度及经营性服务设施占比等。[结论]上海市休闲农业资源丰富度差别较大,在资源环境紧约束的环境下,找出上海市休闲农业发展的侧重点,有望达到资源利用效率最大化。 相似文献
16.
自然资源环境一体化体系刍议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从自然资源与环境的关系入手,分析了建立资源与环境一体化体系的必要性和基本框架。建立资源环境一体化体系,就要改变资源和环境低价的认识,建立并完善资源和环境有偿使用体系;在环境治理的过程中以提高资源的综合利用率为目标,将环境治理与资源保护相统一;在资源的高效合理利用中保护环境;在资源环境问题特别严重的区域建立以流域为单元的资源环境一体化管理体系。 相似文献
17.
我国钨资源储量在世界上具有天然垄断性,但宝贵的资源垄断优势却没有完全在经济上体现出来。受近三年来国内外钨精矿价格暴涨的影响,前几年曾得到整治的全国钨行业无序开采和重复建设重又抬头,矿山生产能力扩张,虽然目前钨价格仍在高位,但我国钨产品还是被“贱卖”了。为扭转上述状况,应采取继续强化监管,加大整治力度,防止钨资源优势过早消失的政策措施。 相似文献
18.
Shaun Larcom 《Journal of Agrarian Change》2017,17(3):612-629
This paper investigates the role that precolonial institutions play in relation to postcolonial natural resource ownership contests. Papua New Guinea provides a unique case study, as it is recorded as having the most decentralized precolonial political institutions of any postcolonial state. After an examination of its precolonial institutions, colonial land policy and three case studies, it is concluded that persistent highly decentralized customary political units, coupled with customary notions of inalienability of land and overlaid with a state property rights regime, lead to resource contests. It is concluded that resource ownership contests can have serious adverse consequences for resource management and that they are not easily overcome. 相似文献
19.
传统自然资源利用伦理与可持续发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
自然资源利用伦理与可持续发展密切相关。传统文化中的自然资源利用伦理主张人类要仁爱自然万物,在利用自然资源时,必须遵循用物有节、取物有时等原则,保持人口与自然资源的平衡。这些对当今社会可持续发展战略的实施有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
20.
针对新时期下的水资源精细化管理需求,从会计核算的微观过程化控制原理入手,以会计恒等式、复式记账法、责权发生制等会计学原理为基础,解析会计理论在水资源精细化管理中应用的基本原理和关键问题,提出构建包含水资源会计凭证、水资源会计账簿和水资源会计报表的水资源会计核算体系框架,以及一套既遵守会计报表基本原则,又突出水资源特点的水资源会计报表制度。研究表明,水资源会计核算是以水权益实体或国家(地区)经济体为核算主体,评估涉水活动质量,描述涉水活动对水资源、水环境、水生态带来的影响。这既是创新水资源管理思路的发展需求,也是落实最严格水资源管理制度的现实需求,将为水资源开发、利用、节约、保护全过程的宏观分析奠定基础,为水资源会计核算主体内部和与虚拟环境主体之间关于水资源数量和质量、水资源存量和流量、水资源实物量和价值量,以及水资源债务和债权的变化提供定量分析依据。 相似文献