基于产业集群的循环经济体系研究

产业集群是我国制造业发展的主要生产组织模式之一。制造业集群在繁荣区域经济的同时,也给当地生态环境带来压力并造成破坏。本文将产业集群发展模式与循环经济发展模式联系起来,提出了基于产业集群组织网络来构建循环经济体系的理念和途径。     

Dynamic capabilities and entrepreneurial management in large organizations: Toward a theory of the (entrepreneurial) firm

Mainstream economic theory has generally excluded consideration of the role of managers, which has, in turn, impaired its ability to explain resource allocation by, and heterogeneity among, firms. In the real world, managers are called on to fill entrepreneurial and leadership roles: sensing opportunities, developing and implementing viable business models, building capabilities, and guiding the organization through transformations. These entrepreneurial management tasks are part of the organization׳s capabilities, which also encompass embedded organizational processes that can be slow to change. An understanding of entrepreneurial management and organizational capabilities will contribute to more realistic economic models and a better understanding by policy makers of industrial dynamics and the requirements of innovation.     

Britain’s Industrial Evolution: The Structuring Role of Economic Theory

We trace the coevolution of industrial organization and the ideas and policies that have influenced Britain’s industrial development from Alfred Marshall’s pioneering work on the English industrial districts to the present. Then, we examine four contemporary districts — in footwear, motorsport, sparkling wine, and cyber security — that are internationally competitive, despite decades of ill-informed policy choices, if not neglect. We also investigate the case of British elite sport as a high-performance industrial cluster with potentially transferrable institutional arrangements, particularly with regard to the nature and role of the strategic lead body and the state, as well as relationships within the system. We conclude that Marshall’s methodological and theoretical approach to understanding industrial organization — and his belief that industrial districts would coexist with other forms of industrial organization (rather than be superseded by them) — helps to explain the dynamism of contemporary British industrial districts, with important implications for Britain’s industrial revitalization.     

农业产业结构调整策略探析

探讨了农业产业结构调整策略,指出调整农业产业结构必须以人为本,以市场为导向,以体制为突破口,突出区域特色,正确处理产业二重结构,解决小生产与大市场的矛盾。     

企业竞争优势的产业组织来源

企业竞争优势是产业组织研究的永恒主题,产业组织不是企业竞争优势的简单外部来源.随着市场竞争加剧和企业竞争环境变化速度的加快,产业聚集、企业之间竞争与合作的产业组织态势将对企业竞争优势的获取起着关键性的作用.因此,企业和政府不能一味地强调企业能力对企业持续竞争优势的影响,还必须重视企业竞争优势的产业组织来源,从企业核心能力和产业组织两方面来提高企业的竞争优势.     

浙江温岭市的中小企业群落研究

企业群落是一种新的产业空间组织形式，本文在界定相关概念的基础上，以浙江温岭的中小企业群落为例，概括了五种较为典型的企业群落空间组织模式，分析了企业群落形成的发展机制，并对企业群落的进一步发展做了初步探讨。     

International outsourcing and incomplete contracts

Abstract.  International outsourcing to lower cost countries such as China and India can best be understood through the enrichment of trade models to include concepts from industrial organization and contract theory that explain the vertical organization of production. The combination of trade with the choice of organizational form represents an important new area for both theoretical and empirical research. This survey paper provides a perspective on this new literature so as to gain insights into the forces driving international outsourcing. The paper focuses on relationship‐specific investment, incomplete contracts, and also search and matching, as fundamental concepts that explain outsourcing decisions. JEL classification: F1, L14     

产业组织变迁的演化研究

应用演化经济学的分析方法研究产业组织变迁的动态。产业内各企业为追逐创新利润而进行的组织学习是产业组织变迁的动力,产业组织会在创新的产生和传播的过程中向更有效率的方向演进,不同国家的产业组织形式在演化过程中受到各自选择环境的影响,具有路径依赖性,因而呈现多样性。     

产业组织对装备制造业产业创新能力的影响

从产业组织的角度出发,分析了企业自身状况、产业市场环境、技术提升行为以及创新成果产出4个维度对我国装备制造业产业创新能力的影响。构建了产业组织对装备制造业产业创新能力影响评价指标体系,并用因子分析法计算了产业组织各要素对装备制造业产业创新能力的影响权重。最后根据分析结果提出相应的对策建议。     

Competition Among Banks, Capital Requirements and International Spillovers

The design of prudential bank capital requirements interacts with the industrial organization of the banking sector, in particular, with the level of competition among banks. Increased competition leads to excessive risk-taking by banks which may have to be counteracted by tighter capital requirements. When capital requirements are internationally uniform but the levels of competition among banks in different countries are not, international spillovers arise on financial integration of these countries. This result begs a more careful analysis of the effect of financial liberalization on the stability of banking sectors in emerging countries. It also calls into question the merits of employing uniform capital requirements across countries that diverge in the industrial organization of their banking sectors.
(J.E.L.: G21, G28, G38, F36, E58, D62)     

基于自组织理论的旅游产业集群演化阶段与机制研究——以杭州国际旅游综合体为例

旅游产业集群是自组织和被组织的过程。杭州国际旅游综合体属于内生型旅游产业集群,其空间演化可以分为四个阶段:诞生阶段、自我增强阶段、空间扩散阶段、空间一体化发展阶段。研究认为:自组织系统是旅游产业集群自组织演化的条件;旅游产业集群在集聚、离散不断涨落的过程中最终使旅游产业集群衍生与演化;旅游产业集群的集聚与扩散机制在旅游产业集群空间演化过程中相互依存,互相制约,并在一定条件下相互转化,进而使旅游产业集群从最初均质无序状态演化为成熟旅游产业集群的有序自组织系统;正负反馈机制是旅游产业集群规模的自我调节机制。     

网络组织模式下中国产业集群发展路径研究

产业集群是一种高度网络化的国家战略性组织，网络化是其高质量发展的最佳路径。通过把握全球产业创新组织变革态势，全面总结德国、美国、日本产业集群网络化发展经验与启示，提出“一核心、三机制、五步骤”的中国产业集群网络化发展路径，即以产业组织变革为核心，构筑“政府-市场-集群”三位一体治理体系，以产业集群网络化发展国家战略为引领、以产业集群网络化协作组织为枢纽、以网络化产业集群创新为动力、以分类型分阶段推进为手段、以动态监测评估为抓手，构建多维度、多层次的集群发展命运共同体，不断增强集群创新力和竞争力，为新时代推动我国产业集聚向产业集群转型升级、培育世界级先进制造业集群等提供决策参考。     

Econometric Specification and Identification of the Behavior of Economic Agents

The present study examines the combination of economic theory, structure of the econometric model, and estimation techniques to extract the maximum possible information about the behavior of economic agents from observed decisions. The analysis is set in the framework of micro economic behavior and industrial organization. The relevant theoretical structures generally assume optimization behavior of economic agents. However, optimization models do not have a unique structure and are generally difficult to identify. Consequently, a variety of second best specification and estimation methods emerged. But they entail loss of information. Hence, greater efforts devoted to the identification of optimization models will enrich our understanding of economic behavior. Progress in this direction will eventually render a vast majority of existing econometric techniques obsolete.

     

Symmetry-breaking in two-player games via strategic substitutes and diagonal nonconcavity: A synthesis

This paper is an attempt to develop a unified approach to symmetry-breaking in strategic models arising in industrial organization by constructing two general classes of two-player symmetric games that always possess only asymmetric pure-strategy Nash equilibria. These classes of games are characterized in some abstract sense by two general properties: payoff nonconcavities and some form of strategic substitutability. Our framework relies on easily verified assumptions on the primitives of the game, and relies on the theory of supermodular games. The underlying natural assumptions are satisfied in a number of two-stage models with an investment decision preceding product market competition. To illustrate the generality and wide scope for application of our approach, we present some existing models dealing with R&D, capacity expansion and information provision, which motivated this study.     

Conjectural-variation models and supergames with price competition in a differentiated product oligopoly

Conjectural-variation models (CV models) are popular in empirical research as they infer the degree of market power from real data. Theorists of industrial organization, however, disapprove of them for lack of theoretical foundation arguing that dynamic reactions are forced into a static model with the strategy space and time horizon only loosely defined. The presented model follows an idea put forward by Cabral (1995) and demonstrates that the CV model can be interpreted as the joint-profit-maximizing steady-state reduced form of a price-setting supergame in a differentiated product market under optimal punishment strategies. For the symmetric two-firm case the CV parameter is shown to cover the full range of possible outcomes — from Bertrand competition to joint unconstrained monopoly — depending on the degree of product differentiation, market growth, bankruptcy risk, and the discount rate. For the asymmetric-cost case numerical calculations are provided.     

军民融合协同创新驱动产业园区高质量发展研究

军民融合产业园区高质量发展对于推进军民深度融合、在全国形成可复制可推广经验具有重要意义。军民融合协同创新通过促进新知识涌现、推进新产业集聚发展，最终汇聚经济发展新动能，驱动园区高质量发展。在提出军民融合协同创新驱动园区高质量发展的机理与组织框架基础上，将发展模式归纳为以分享经济为背景的资源共享模式、以新型研发机构为核心的第三方模式、以产业联盟为核心的产业链拓展模式和以交易平台为核心的“PPP”模式，最后提出相关对策建议。     

略论战略性贸易政策在中国电子信息产业的适用性——基于市场结构视角

战略贸易政策总是与寡头垄断的市场结构相联系,且该产业应具有超额垄断利润和外部规模经济.绝大多数战略性贸易政策理论模型都建立在双寡头的Cournot模型的基础上.从产业组织理论和贸易类型两个角度看,目前中国电子信息产业属于垄断竞争市场结构,不适宜实施战略性贸易政策.而应考虑到国外同一产业的市场结构和本国的产业绩效,针对价值增值不同的产业环节,结合产业政策,促进产业市场集中度的提高,实行保护程度不同的贸易政策.     

流通产业组织结构优化中的自然垄断趋势

流通产业的组织结构是产业经济学关注的重要理论问题之一,人们或是根据产业组织学理论从商品流通企业的市场关系对其进行分析,或是从流通产业内部的资源配置结构及关联对其展开考察,或是在"结构、行为、绩效"框架下对其进行研究.其实,产业的组织结构涉及的层面很复杂,它与自然垄断之间有可能存在的关联尚未引起学者们应有的关注.本文认为,依据产业经济学对自然垄断的理解或定义,流通产业组织结构的优化与自然垄断之间存在着关联,这种关联可以通过流通产业运行的内部性和外部性予以揭示,对这种关联的分析,可以发现在流通产业组织结构的优化中蕴含着自然垄断的趋势.     

Empirical models of firms and industries

We review important developments in empirical industrial organization (IO) over the last three decades. The paper is organized around six topics: collusion, demand, productivity, industry dynamics, interfirm contracts and auctions. We present models that are workhorses in empirical IO and describe applications. For each topic, we discuss at least one empirical application using Canadian data.     

组织距离对虚拟产业集群内企业创新的影响

用组织距离衡量虚拟产业集群内企业间的"组织接近",在双寡头古诺模型的分析框架下,研究组织距离对虚拟产业集群内企业的创新水平、产量和利润的影响。结果表明:在完全信息情况下,虚拟产业集群内企业的创新投入水平越高,则企业联合利润越大;在不完全信息情况下,集群内企业的均衡产量都是其创新投入水平的增函数,但若逆需求函数的斜率较大,则不完全信息对不拥有完全信息的企业的影响较小。最后求得要实现集群内企业的均衡产量随着组织距离的加大而增加则企业的创新水平要满足的条件。