生态标志与政府绿色采购探析

研究生态标志与政府绿色采购的关系,探讨出两者有效结合于绿色产品、环境保护和世贸规则,基于此提出当前中国政府加强绿色采购应该在法律规则、生态标志计划、绿色标准和全社会意识方面采取措施。     

EPC 总承包项目采购管理中信息沟通问题研究

总承包商做好采购管理的关键在于，如何更好地进行采购中信息沟通。分析了EPC总承包项目中总承包商与业主、供应商之间信息沟通，以及采购与设计、施工和试运行各阶段之问信息沟通。在此基础上提出了EPC总承包项目中提高采购信息沟通的措施。     

'Vanguard' Subsidiaries and the Diffusion of New Practices: A Case Study of German Multinationals

German companies, used to operating in their distinctive domestic business environment, have had to learn new 'rules of the game' as they have internationalized. There are signs that they are adopting some of the characteristics of more mature international companies, particularly those from an 'Anglo-Saxon' tradition. This 'Anglo-Saxonization' is seen in international HR policy, in areas such as training and development and performance management. Drawing on research into German multinationals, this paper explores the role of 'vanguard' subsidiaries in spreading 'Anglo-Saxon' practices to German companies. It also analyses the impact of such innovations on pre-existing patterns of behaviour.     

The Impact of European Works Councils on Management Decision-Making in UK and US-based Multinationals: A Case Study Comparison

The operation of European Works Councils (EWCs) is taking management and employee representatives in MNCs into uncharted territory. In particular, for companies headquartered in Anglo‐Saxon economies there is little domestic tradition of statutory employee consultation. Drawing on comparative case studies, this article investigates the impact of EWCs on the process and outcomes of corporate‐level management decision‐making in UK and US‐based MNCs. Variation in EWC impact arises from the interaction of structural factors, such as business focus, management organisation and pre‐existing industrial relations arrangements, and agency factors, including management policy and the cohesion of employee representatives.     

高校建筑设备材料采购招投标管理研究

针对采购招标投标活动过程中不同环节上的不同工作内容,分析阐述了当前高校建筑设备材料采购招投标管理中存在业务水平不高、程序规范不够、监督管理不力等问题,同时结合自己的调研与实践总结,提出了实行专人跟踪督办、推行专家参与决策、实施全程立体化监督与责任追究等对策,力求对强化采购招投标管理有所借鉴。     

The Competitive Effects of Not-for-Profit Hospital Mergers: A Case Study

Applying conventional horizontal merger enforcement rules to nonprofit hospitals is controversial. Critics contend that the different objective function of not-for-profits entities should mitigate competitive concerns about mergers involving nonprofit hospitals. We analyze a merger that reduced the number of competitors (both nonprofit) in the alleged relevant market from three to two. We find that the transaction was followed by significant price increases; we reject the hypothesis that these price increases reflect higher post-merger quality. This study should help policymakers assess the validity of current merger enforcement rules, especially as they apply to not-for-profit enterprises.     

The Competitive Effects of a New Product Introduction: A Case Study

This paper analyzes the competitive effect of a new product introduction. We break the overall competitive effect into two parts: the effect on the prices of existing products due to increased competition, and the effect of having additional product variety. Using data from both before and after the introduction, we directly estimate the price effects and the additional variety effect. Then, using only the estimated post–introduction demand structure, along with an assumed model of competition, we estimate the price effects indirectly. By comparing the 'indirect' and 'direct' estimates, we assess the validity of alternative models of competition for the industry.     

Public value mapping of network neutrality: Public values and net neutrality in Korea

Network neutrality (NN) is of broad and current interest despite its complex and multifaceted nature. This study examines NN in the Korean context in terms of policy, industry, values, and society. It addresses the policy effectiveness of ongoing NN discussions by analyzing user attitudes and perceptions. The proposed model empirically tests policy effectiveness through user perceptions by incorporating factors representative of NN. Possible NN factors are derived from the previous literature and perceptions of NN concepts. The results find that regulation and competition are two primary factors constituting network neutrality, and these factors differently influence the formation of attitudes toward policy effectiveness. Political and social implications are discussed based on the proposed model. This study provides comprehensive analysis and heuristic data on user drivers, industry dynamics, and policy implications in the NN ecosystem.     

A Consideration of Telecommunications Market Structure in the Presence of Municipal Provision: The Case of US Cities

We consider the effect of government-owned telecommunications providers on privately owned rivals by comparing the presence of private telecommunications services providers alongside municipal competitors in the US telecommunications industry from 1999 through 2002. Our primary finding is that the presence of a municipal provider is negatively correlated with a city’s having private providers. However, the marginal effects indicate that the effect of municipal competition on private provision is largely concentrated on the first entrant, suggesting cities may choose to provide telecommunications services in areas with inadequate demand to support private provision.     

Business Process Re-engineering in the Public Sector: a Case Study of the Contributions Agency

There has been a growing literature which, from a social science perspective, seeks to critically assess the use of business process re-engineering (BPR) in effecting radical organisational change. Using a case study of the Contributions Agency, this article reports on the problems of using BPR in a public sector organisation, and discusses the findings in relation to the current critique of BPR.     

Innovation in Process Plant: A Case Study of Ethylene

Successful companies in any industry recognize the importance of involving customers and suppliers in the design and development of products and services. When complex product and process technologies are involved, these relationships create a network of companies and industries, each of which is a potential source for technological innovation. At the same time, however, such interrelationships further complicate the already challenging task of analyzing the evolving nature and sources of innovation. Using ethylene manufacture as a case study, Peter Hutcheson, Alan Pearson, and Derrick Ball present a three-stage model of innovation. The model provides a framework for understanding the evolution of technological innovation in ethylene manufacturing, as well as the changing roles of the equipment suppliers, the process plant suppliers, and the operating companies througout this evolution. The applicability of this approach to other sectors of the chemical processing industry is also evaluated. In much the same way that a product's life cycle can be traced through distinct phases of creation, growth, maturity, and decline, technological innovation progresses through three main phases: uncoordinated, segmental, and systemic. The progression through these three phases is marked by changes in the relative levels of product and process innovation activity. In this three-stage model, innovative activity progresses from an extreme of high product and low process innovation during the uncoordinated phase, through the segmental period of low product and high process innovation, to the low product and medium process innovation levels of the systemic phase. In other words, as the industry matures, the focus of innovative activity gradually shifts from the product to the process. As illustrated by the example of ethylene manufacturing, companies operating in an industry that has reached the systemic stage will find little or no scope for innovation in the end product or the core manufacturing technologies. In such a mature market, the product is a commodity item, and the fundamentals of the manufacturing process are well known. At this stage, the quest for productivity improvements focuses on cost reductions from task structuring and specialization, task integration, and automation. As such, equipment manufacturers play an increasingly important role in refining existing technologies and improving equipment reliability and capabilities. Such efforts are facilitated by close cooperation with the operating companies, which can contribute process expertise that the equipment manufacturers might otherwise lack.     

The Political Effects of Accounting Normalization on Trade Unions: An Analysis of Financial Transparency Reform in France

The law of 20 August 2008 reformed the representativeness of French unions by imposing an obligation for ‘financial transparency’. Building on exploratory research, we address the question of the organizational and political effects of the new regulation, which point to a traditional debate in union democracy studies: how do administrative and representative rationalities combine within trade union organizations? Drawing on interviews with union leaders and finance officers at various levels in three major labour confederations (CGT, CFDT and CGT‐FO), we describe the different ways unionists have received the new accounting requirements and translated them into organizational practices and norms. Going beyond the traditional theses of compatibility and colonization, we make use of the body of work in critical legal and management studies to develop an endogenous approach of the relationships between trade unions and accounting management.     

The Performance Effects of Human Resource Practices: The Case of Interclub Networks in Professional Baseball, 1919–1940

This study investigates the performance effects of two industry‐specific human resource management innovations that dramatically changed the way professional baseball teams selected and trained ballplayers. In the early part of this century, major league clubs developed and refined two player‐development practices based on “reserve team” and “farm team” systems. We use a panel data set of the win/lose records for the population of 16 major league clubs for the seasons from 1919 through 1940 to test hypotheses about the effect of human resource practices on organizational performance. The results suggest that the reserve team practice had no significant impact on organizational performance. In contrast, the more complex farm‐team system, pioneered by Branch Rickey of the St. Louis Cardinals, improved organizational performance and diffused rapidly throughout the league. We estimate that by 4 years after its creation, the farm‐team system improved a team's win rate by 0.068 points relative to nonadopters of the farm‐team system and teams with less than 4 years of prior experience with a farm‐team system. The results also show that the farm‐team effect was not confined to St. Louis but also was experienced by later adopters. These results contribute to the growing literature showing a positive effect of human resource policies on organizational performance. The results also illustrate the important role the external environment plays in shaping this relationship (e.g., legal restrictions to labor mobility).     

Government in standardization in the catching-up context: Case of China's mobile system

This paper categorizes the multiple-faced roles of the government in technology standardization in the catching-up contexts. It presents a case that China has developed a third generation (3G) of mobile system, TD-SCDMA, and deployed it in the Chinese market. The authors attribute the success of this national standardization initiative to that the government is able to balance the interests of different stakeholders of mobile technology and market, and enroll them into the process of TD-SCDMA development and industrialization. The TD-SCDMA case demonstrates that the government in the standardization process can act as a project founder, risk undertaker, interest moderator, collaboration facilitator, and process monitor. Practical implications for developing countries in pursuing their indigenous innovation strategy are given.     

Exploring the impact of relationship transparency on business relationships: A cross-sectional study among purchasing managers in Germany

This paper introduces the notion of relationship transparency. It delineates this new concept from the interaction model of business relationships. We define relationship transparency as an individual's subjective perception of being informed about the relevant actions and properties of the other party in the interaction. Empirical data gathered in a cross-sectional survey among purchasing managers in Germany provide evidence that relationship transparency contributes to the overall success of a business relationship. According to our conceptual model and structural equation estimates, transparency delivers value to the customer, increases customer satisfaction and ultimately leads to favorable behavioral intentions.     

Job Turnover in China: A Case Study of Shanghai's Manufacturing Enterprises

This article studies the job turnover among manufacturing enterprises in Shanghai during the period from 1989 to 1992. Various indicators of job turnover are calculated. The empirical results demonstrate that types of ownership and firm size are significant factors in accounting for the changes in job generation and job reallocation. Among various types of enterprise, international joint ventures and small firms are more able to create jobs and to generate job reallocation.     

The Impacts of an Antitrust Investigation: A Case Study in Agriculture

We analyze the impacts of an antitrust investigation on the purchasing practices of a buying collaboration and its common bidding agent. Using a repeated cross section of prices across procurement auctions that were and were not subjected to the investigation, we find that auction prices in the targeted auctions: (i) significantly increased as soon as the targets were made aware they were under investigation; (ii) remained higher as long as the investigation was open; and (iii) systematically declined to the same low pre-knowledge state after the closure of the investigation without prosecution. Finally, the counterfactual impact on auction prices by the removal of the common bidding agent and the demise of the buying collaboration at a later date was on par with the impacts of the investigation.     

“资源节约型、环境友好型”社会构建问题研究——以辽宁为例

构建“资源节约型、环境友好型”社会,必须充分发挥政府的宏观调控职能,结合经济社会的现实状况统筹考虑。文章以辽宁为例,研究分析辽宁在构建“资源节约型、环境友好型”社会过程中存在的各种问题,并从观念创新、制度创新、技术支持、政策倾斜、法律保障等多方面入手,提出相关对策及建议。     

社区居家养老服务机构绩效评估研究——以上海市为例

以上海市A居家养老服务中心为例,运用平衡计分卡理论构建4类15项的居家养老服务中心的评估指标体系;然后运用AHP——模糊综合评价法对A居家养老服务中心绩效进行定性和定量综合评估。实证分析表明,上海市社区居家养老服务机构的绩效水平并不高。期望本文评估方法可为社区居家养老服务机构提高服务绩效提供一定的借鉴。