退休返聘的研究述评与展望

退休返聘是指企事业单位员工达到国家法定退休年龄后通过订立合同契约继续作为人力资源存续的行为或状态.退休返聘在现实生活和组织中变得越来常见,已成为老年人力资源开发的组成部分.本文首先梳理了退休返聘的概念内涵及分类,其次从个体-环境匹配理论、资源保存理论和社会情绪选择理论等多重视角对退休返聘进行理论阐释,随后从个体、家庭、工作和组织层面探讨了其影响因素并对退休返聘的影响效果进行总结.最后对未来研究进行了展望,以期对我国退休理论研究的发展和老年人力资源开发实践有所贡献.     

老龄化对退休家庭金融资产配置的影响

随着我国人口老龄化现象的问题日益凸显,退休人数呈现不断增长趋势,从经济方面来说,家庭金融资产配置就变成目前可行的解决方法.本文聚焦人口老龄化背景下退休和家庭金融资产配置之间的关系,对目前老龄化现象产生的深层原因进行研究,对我国退休家庭金融资产配置不协调问题进行分析和研究,并从退休家庭、金融结构、政府机关提出了改进我国家庭金融资产配置的对策.     

老龄化对退休家庭金融资产配置的影响

随着我国人口老龄化现象的问题日益凸显,退休人数呈现不断增长趋势,从经济方面来说,家庭金融资产配置就变成目前可行的解决方法.本文聚焦人口老龄化背景下退休和家庭金融资产配置之间的关系,对目前老龄化现象产生的深层原因进行研究,对我国退休家庭金融资产配置不协调问题进行分析和研究,并从退休家庭、金融结构、政府机关提出了改进我国家庭金融资产配置的对策.     

老龄化对退休家庭金融资产配置的影响

随着我国人口老龄化现象的问题日益凸显,退休人数呈现不断增长趋势,从经济方面来说,家庭金融资产配置就变成目前可行的解决方法.本文聚焦人口老龄化背景下退休和家庭金融资产配置之间的关系,对目前老龄化现象产生的深层原因进行研究,对我国退休家庭金融资产配置不协调问题进行分析和研究,并从退休家庭、金融结构、政府机关提出了改进我国家庭金融资产配置的对策.     

家庭资产组合选择行为综述

<正>一、研究背景家庭资产配置问题是指居民在整个生命周期中,将劳动收入和资产处置收益作为家庭财富,通过消费和投资,实现总体效用最大化的优化决策过程。该问题不仅对家庭个体有重大影响,而且会通过影响国民储蓄、消费、金融市场参与度等多种途径影响到一国经济的发展。因此从1960s开始,国内外涌现出大量的关于家庭资产配置的实证和理论研究。本文将以家庭资产组合选择行为影响因素和相应的研究框架为主要研究对象,对国内外家庭资产组合选择行为的研究进行回顾。二、早期理论描述     

退休对居民健康的影响——基于断点回归方法的研究

在实施健康中国战略背景下,科学评估退休政策对国民健康的影响具有重要意义。本文基于2011—2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,把法定退休年龄作为断点,使用断点回归设计研究退休对居民健康的影响及其作用机制和异质性。结果发现：退休对男性自评健康和心理健康具有显著的负面影响,并显著提高了男性的就医概率,但对女性健康的影响并不显著。进一步研究表明,受教育水平较高的男性受到退休政策的负面冲击更加显著。退休通过显著影响居民健康行为、认知能力和社交活动等渠道对健康产生作用。因此,中国出台渐进式延迟退休政策有助于居民优化全生命周期内的健康水平。国家需要不断完善新时代社会保障制度和退休政策,加大健康预防和干预力度,培育居民健康生活意识和健康行为,提升国民健康素养,把健康目标融入相关老龄政策,改善国民健康福利水平。     

基于风险感知的采购行为决策模型

从风险感知的角度,构建了采购决策的动态模型。首先,采购组织确定采购目标,而采购组织中的成员在环境、个体、组织、供应商、原材料等多种因素的影响下形成个体风险感知;其次,通过与采购组中的其他成员的信息交流,个体将修正自身的风险感知,并且个体通过其风险感知与风险承受能力比较得出个体采购决策,而个体采购决策综合加权最终形成群体决策。最后,群体决策绩效将在下一期中修正个体的认知偏差,从而进一步影响其采购决策。     

管理者过度自信、融资决策与公司业绩

过度自信认知偏差在管理者的身上体现的更为淋漓尽致,而且对于公司的融资决策与公司业绩都造成了巨大的影响。文章分析了管理者过度自信、融资决策及公司业绩三者的关系,并从影响融资决策的资本结构与负债期限结构两个方面研究了管理者过度自信对融资决策的影响,以及融资决策对公司业绩的影响,进一步发现管理者过度自信这种认知偏差会通过公司融资决策行为间接影响公司业绩。     

弹性退休制下中国基本养老保险隐性债务的测算

伴随人口老龄化,弹性退休制已成为中国养老保险制度改革的重要选项,而解决养老金隐性债务是现行养老金保险制度长期稳定运行的重要保证。作为政策评价的基础,必须对这一养老制度下的养老金隐性债务进行测算。本文根据2013年统计数据,运用非连续的随机精算模型对弹性退休制下中国基本养老保险隐性债务的规模进行测算,为相关部门在弹性退休制下应对隐性债务的相应积累基金的建立、防范养老账户债务风险决策等提供了有效参考。     

从行为金融学角度来分析证券投资

一、行为金融学的概念与内涵 行为金融就是将心理学尤其是行为科学的理论融入到金融学之中。它从个体行为以及产生这种行为的心理等动因来解释、研究和预测金融市场的发展趋势。通过分析金融市场主体在市场行为中的偏差和反常，来寻求不同市场主体在不同环境下的经营理念及决策行为特征，力求建立一种能正确反映市场主体实际决策行为和市场运行状况的描述性模型。     

WHAT EXPLAINS THE DIFFERENCE IN THE EFFECT OF RETIREMENT ON HEALTH? EVIDENCE FROM GLOBAL AGING DATA

This paper analyzes the reasons for differences in the estimated effect of retirement on health in previous studies. We investigate these differences by focusing on the analysis methods used by these studies. Using various health indexes, numerous researchers have examined the effects of retirement on health. However, there are no unified views on the impact of retirement on various health indexes. Consequently, we show that the choice of analysis method is one of the key factors in explaining why the estimated results of the effect of retirement on health differ. Moreover, we re‐estimate the effect of retirement on health by using a fixed analysis method controlling for individual heterogeneity and endogeneity of the retirement behavior. We analyze the effect of retirement on health parameters, such as cognitive function, self‐report of health, activities of daily living (ADL), depression, and body mass index in eight countries. We find that the effects of retirement on self‐report of health, depression, and ADL are positive in many of these countries.     

FLEXIBLE RETIREMENT

Flexible retirement – that is, the opportunity to choose one's own personal retirement age – is a hedge against pension risk and provides insurance to workers facing health or productivity shocks. Flexible retirement and flexible pension schemes are in practice closely linked because of imperfect capital markets and institutional restrictions. I discuss three necessary conditions to provide insurance through flexible retirement. First, it should be possible to adjust the pension starting date at limited cost. This condition is gradually being fulfilled, as many countries are moving toward more actuarially neutral pension schemes. Second, individuals should be willing to adjust their labor supply in case of a wealth shock. This condition seems largely fulfilled, although the available empirical evidence suggests that the ‘standard retirement age’ is at least as important as the income effect. Third, the labor market should be able to deal with flexible individual retirement decisions. This condition is gaining importance, but has not yet received much attention in the literature. Institutions often hamper employment past the ‘standard retirement age’. Moreover, the hiring rates of older workers are low and their unemployment duration is high. Institutional reforms facilitating flexible retirement opportunities are desirable from an insurance perspective.     

Expectation formation of older married couples and the rational expectations hypothesis

This paper tests the Rational Expectations (RE) hypothesis regarding retirement expectations of older married American couples, controlling for sample selection and reporting biases. In prior research we found that individual retirement expectation formation was consistent with the Rational Expectation hypothesis, but in that work spousal considerations were not analyzed. In this research we take advantage of panel data on expectations to test the RE hypothesis among married individuals as well as joint expectations among couples. We find that regardless of whether we assume that married individuals form their own expectations taking spouse's information as exogenous, or the reports of the couple are the result of a joint expectation formation process, their expectations are consistent with the RE hypothesis. Our results support a wide variety of models in economics that assume rational behavior of married couples.     

SAVINGS IN TIMES OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE: LESSONS FROM THE GERMAN EXPERIENCE

Pension reforms in many developed countries make individuals shoulder a bigger share of longevity and income risks. The desired response is that individuals accumulate private assets for retirement. Whether this actually takes place, is of paramount relevance for scientists and policy makers. We take Germany as an example: Twenty years of pension reform have transformed the monolithic German pension system into a multipillar system. Formerly generous public pension benefits are gradually being reduced, whereas substantial incentives are granted to occupational and private saving schemes. Has this transition worked out? We survey the reform steps and households’ reactions: How did individuals adjust their labor market behavior? How did private and occupational pension plans take off? How do behavioral adjustments vary in the population? Most Germans adapted to the new situation. Both actual and expected retirement decisions changed and the share of households without supplementary pensions decreased from 73% to 39% in little more than a decade. This is a remarkable success. Nonetheless, households with low education, low income and less financial education did neither adjust their retirement behavior nor pick up supplementary pension plans and are thus likely to face difficulties in bridging the gap arising in future pension income.     

主房反向抵押贷款支持老年人收入拓展

在当前全球人口老龄化趋势下,如何解决由此产生的老龄人口退休收入短缺及财政困境成为各国学者及政策制定者关注的热点。住房反向抵押贷款作为拓展老年人退休收入的一种金融创新手段,在欧美市场已经发展成为一种成熟的金融工具。随着9月国务院提出“开展老年人住房反向抵押养老保险试点”,“反向抵押贷款”模式的“以房养老”再次进入公众视野,成为当前公共政策研究热点,并引发了民众关于“政府在养老体系中责任”的大辩论。本文以此为契机,通过已有的文献构建反向抵押贷款理论框架,讨论反向抵押贷款的优缺点、风险及影响反向抵押贷款市场的相关变量,系统还原这一金融工具的运行机制,消除公众对其的误解并结合这·理论框架探讨‘‘反向抵押贷款’雀本土化过程中存在的困境。本文认为,在中国,遗产赠予动机是老年住房自有者在当前住房市场下为实现整个家庭代际福利最大化做出的“理性选择”;‘饭．向抵押贷款”中贷款金融机构面临的风险高于借款人,老年人实现住房资产的流动性是以牺牲贷款金融机构现金流动性为代价的。因此,未来需要探讨的是,政府在推进的过程中如何降低各方风险,减少未知不确定J}生风险的问题。     

延长退休年龄能降低个人账户养老金的财政补助吗？

本文运用精算模型发现,当女性退休年龄延长至60岁,2039年及以前个人账户养老金的财政补助较现行政策下降0.3%至9.83%,但2040年及以后上升0.44%至4.67%;当男女退休年龄延长至65岁和60岁,2037年及以前财政补助较现行政策有所降低,但2038年及以后不断提高;当男女退休年龄均延长至65岁,2040年及以前财政补助较现行政策有所减少,但2041年及以后不断增加;即使改变任一参数设置,类似情况仍会出现。所以,延长退休年龄只能减少25至28年个人账户养老金的财政补助,之后政府负担逐年加重。     

前瞻性人格对员工变革行为的影响:组织公平气氛的调节效应

角色外行为可以分为归属性行为和挑战性行为两类。员工变革行为属于挑战性角色外行为。学术界重点关注员工变革行为的影响因素和形成机制。关于员工变革行为的影响因素,以往学者主要从个体和环境两个层面来分析。文章着重探讨前瞻性人格(个体因素)、组织公平气氛(环境因素)分别对员工变革行为的影响,以及环境因素在个体因素与员工变革行为之间的跨层次调节效应;关于控制变量的分析结论表明,任职年限、职务级别、教育程度等人口学变量对变革行为具有显著影响;关于主效应的分析结论表明,前瞻性人格正向影响员工变革行为,组织公平气氛也正向影响员工变革行为;关于交互效应的分析结论表明,组织公平气氛正向调节前瞻性人格对变革行为的影响。     

中国住房反向抵押贷款养老模式的路径选择

人口老龄化是不可忽视的社会问题,寻求积极的养老模式是迫在眉睫的任务。住房反向抵押贷款作为新的养老模式,受到政治、经济、文化等多方面因素影响。本研究旨在从需求角度分析对住房反向抵押贷款最具影响力的因素,设计出中国推行住房反向抵押贷款养老模式的地区发展路径。研究结果有助于制定适合中国国情的住房反向抵押贷款养老模式,从而实现社会资源优化配置。     

INTRA‐HOUSEHOLD EXPERIMENTS: A SURVEY

Experiments with family groups are rare, but since many decisions are taken at the household level or occur within the household it is an important area to investigate. This paper provides a survey of the recent experimental work on intra‐household decision‐making. I discuss some of the challenges involved in doing experiments with couples and families and consider major areas that remain yet to be explored. While general themes from the research are still emerging, four results repeatedly occur: (1) the absence of efficiency in intra‐household decisions; (2) joint decisions that are not a convex combination of individual decisions; (3) individual behaviour is affected by opportunities for hiding actions from spouses and (4) deviations from standard models of microeconomics in line with those seen in the anomalies literature of individual decision‐making.     

股份回购的会计约束条件分析

股份回购在西方发达国家的资本市场上属于正常现象,是西方发达国家上市公司资本运营的一种方式,但我国对于股份回购实行的是“原则禁止,例外许可”的原则,尽管新颁布的《公司法》对例外的范围已经放宽,但是却未对股份回购制定具体的制度规范。基于股票回购的多种财务效应,本文拟从会计的视角,分析股份回购财务指标、股份回购核算方法以及对股份回购信息披露制度等方面的约束条件。