浅议我国法学教育改革路径

我国的法学教育改革开放之后取得了骄人的成绩,然而法学教育所存在的问题仍然很突出.法学教育与法律职业相脱节与法学教育的泛大众化等问题严重阻碍了我国法学教育的发展,也严重影响到我国社会主义法治社会的发展.要解决这些问题必须提高法律职业资格考试的门槛,加强高等法学教育的职业化训练,并将法律人才培养精英化.     

对构建我国诊所式法律教育模式的思考

诊所式法律教育是在律师或者法学教师的指导下,由法律专业学生办理实际案件,培养学生的职业伦理观念,提高学生运用法律知识的能力和处理各种人际关系能力的一种法律教育教学方法。在教学实践中,诊所式法律教育的教学方法主要有代理真实案件法和角色模拟法。     

浅谈法学教育改革

高等院校中的法学教育是法律人才培养的第一个阶段和重要基础,改革法学教育,培养高素质的法律人才,是社会生活与法治现代化的要求.高等院校中的法学教育要具有开放意识和世界意识,明确教育的定位,特别要拓宽学生的知识面,加强实践教学,注重培养复合型应用型法律人才.     

诊所式教学在法学教育中的应用

诊所式教学方法注重学生的主体地位,通过接触真实案件,运用和巩固专业知识,培养学习兴趣和职业素养,能更好地适应生动变化的法律实践对现代法学教育的要求。但目前我国尚未建立一个成熟的、适用于中国大多数高校的“诊所式”教学模式。在法学教育中应用和推广诊所式教学,应与传统教学模式有机结合,建立合适的教学效果评价机制。     

论法学教育中学生法律思维的培养

重视培养学生法律思维,不仅是法律职业者对自身工作方法的反思,更是凸显法治自身张力的积极尝试。从目前法学教育中教学研究的趋势来看,法学教学方法是法学教育中亟待研究解决的突出问题,培养学生的法律思维有助于法学教育水平的提升,重新探究正确的法学教育目的、提高法学专业学生法律思维素质的培养内容在整个人才培养计划中的比重、提高对法学教师的要求以及强化实践性教学等问题都是培养学生法律思维必须审视的几个问题。     

司法改革视阈下法律职业伦理教育之路径研究——以大学生法律援助“课程化”为视角

加强法律职业伦理教育,是卓越法律人才培养计划与司法改革的共同要求。实证分析发现,高校法律职业伦理教育存在培养目标不明、课程属性认知不足、课程内容设置单一等问题。通过"大学生法律援助"课程化,把"法律援助教学"作为法律实践教学的重要组成部分,是加强法律职业伦理教育的新路径,有利于培养学生的职业伦理,提高学生的实践技能。     

现代法律人的职业道德困境和解决办法

在西方法学史上,法律与伦理道德的关系始终是西方法学研究的一个热点,道德是法律的基础,是法律的评价标准。作为最低限度的道德以及法律的评价标准,法律具有介入伦理道德的法理基础,反过来讲道德作用的充分发挥能够更好地发挥法律的规范管理和制约作用,能够使法律更好地维护公平与正义。近年来我国的法学研究者对法律与伦理道德也颇为关注,然而对二者之间关系的争论却从未止息。本文通过结合当下司法改革中所出现的一些典型事例,以"职业伦理道德困境"为基本概念,根据典型案例,提出从案例中所发现的法律人职业伦理道德缺失的问题与解决思路,通过分析法律人可操作的职业伦理道德,以及法律人与日常道德愈行愈远的职业伦理,分析当代法律职业所遭遇的新困境(如正义的迷失,法律职业自主性的丧失,职业中的道德两难,职业共同体的生存危机,中国法律职业特有的道德困境等)。     

“项目推进”与“制度改革”:比较法视野下的中国法学教育改革路径

本文对21世纪以来中国、日本、韩国开展法学教育改革的路径进行了比较,对中国高等法学教育长期以来实行的"项目推进"改革方式的动因和效果进行了分析,梳理了"项目推进"改革方式与近年来日本、韩国法学教育"制度改革"的相似性和差异性,并对不同改革路径进行了要素比较和成效分析。作者认为,当前开展的司法制度改革、法律职业制度改革为中国法学教育推进制度性改革提供了契机,推进法治专门队伍正规化、专业化、职业化,需要完善法学教育、法律职业资格准入、法律职业结构等各方面。作者认为,日本、韩国开展的法学教育制度改革可以实现教育模式的根本变革,但是,这种改革方式也需要更高层面的顶层设计,实行更为精致和细密的要素配置,制度改革的方式也蕴藏着高度的风险。因此,为了切实推进中国法学教育的制度改革,迫切需要开展更为扎实的比较法研究,为从理论上理清高等法学教育、法律职业准入资格考试、法律职业培训、法律职业选任等各个环节之间的关系,提供参考和借鉴。     

高校法学实践性教学方式的改革和探讨

鉴于法学是实践性很强的学科,近年强化实践教学成为我国高校法学教学改革的趋向,而法学实践教学要求教师应具备司法实践的经验和能力。为此,法学教师应当参与法律实务工作,积累法律实践经验;同时,高校也可聘请法律实务工作者到高校任教,实现法学教学与法律实践的互动。     

法理学教学与法律思维培养

法理学在法学体系中占有重要的位置,它是法学的基础理论、一般理论和法学方法论,法理学的这一学科特点和基本功能使法理学教学必须明确教学目标,即与法理学的基本功能相适应的法律思维培养,通过法理学的教学和学习培养学生的制度性思维、权利性思维和实践性思维,从而使法理学教学变成自觉的理论活动和教学实践。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.