共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
A resource-based view of Schumpeterian economic dynamics 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
John A. Mathews 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2002,12(1-2):29-54
This paper seeks to offer a theoretical platform where the modern “resource-based view” of the firm might meet with evolutionary
economics and the study of entrepreneurship, and with the economics of industrial organization. It does so by proposing the
concept of the “resource economy” within which productive resources are produced and exchanged between firms. This is presented
as the dual of the mainstream goods and services economy – where the “resource economy” captures the dynamic capital structure
of the economy. The paper is concerned to bring out the distinctive principles governing resource dynamics in the resource
economy, capturing competitive dynamics in such categories as resource creation, replication, propagation, exchange and leverage;
evolutionary dynamics in terms of resource variation, selection and retention; entrepreneurial dynamics in terms of resource
recombination and resource imitation, transfer and substitution; and industrial organizational dynamics in terms of resource
configuration, resource complementarities and resource trajectories. 相似文献
2.
Using a 1995–2004 panel data of Chinese urban residents, we investigate the dynamics of income distribution in cities. According
to Kernel estimates of the relative income distribution of Chinese cities, we find that: (1) the national across-city distribution
of per capita GDP exhibits an apparent unique-peak distribution in 1995 and an “emerging multiple-peak” one in 2004; (2) for
prefecture-level cities, income distribution has evolved to an “apparent multiple-peak” distribution from a unique-peak one;
(3) the income distribution of county-level cities maintains a unique-peak curve; (4) most of the income dynamics of urban
residents originates from prefecture-and-higher-level cities. We sample three representative provinces and study the urban
income dynamics respectively. The analysis suggests that within a single province, urban income distribution evolves from
unique-peak to twin-peak curve; while among provinces, income convergence is evident for urban residents. In addition, we
measure the incidence of poverty in cities based on our income dynamics analysis, and find that the ratios of people living
below absolute poverty line have been decreasing at cities of all levels. 相似文献
3.
Günther Rehme 《Journal of Economics》2007,91(1):1-40
Many models show that redistribution is bad for growth. This paper argues that in a non-cooperative world optimizing, redistributing
(“left-wing”) governments mimic non-redistributing (“right-wing”) policies for fear of capital loss if capital markets become
highly integrated and the countries are technologically similar. “Left-right” competition leads to more redistribution and
lower GDP growth than “left-left” competition. Efficiency differences allow for higher GDP growth and more redistribution than one's opponent. Irrespective of efficiency differences, however, “left-wing” governments have higher
GDP growth when competing with other “left-wing” governments. The results may explain why one observes a positive correlation
between redistribution and growth across countries, and why capital inflows and current account deficits may be good for relatively
high growth. 相似文献
4.
Maria-Soledad Castaño 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(2):139-145
The main goal of this paper is to analyse the relationship between social capital and economic growth taking into account
the role of fiscal policy from theoretical and empirical points of view. To achieve this goal, “Human Capital and Public Capital
Effects on Economic Growth” is focused on the effects of two traditional factors: human capital and public capital effects
on economic growth. “Social Capital Effects on Economic Growth” considers qualitative variables introducing some socioeconomic
effects on economic growth process analysis. In this case, social capital the main variable will be considered. “Empirical
Analysis,” an empirical analysis is developed considering the case of European countries prior to the EU enlargement. Finally,
in Conclusions,” the main conclusions will be resumed.
相似文献
5.
Danny T. Quah 《Journal of Economic Growth》1996,1(1):95-124
This paper uses a model of growth and imperfect capital mobility across multiple economies to characterize the dynamics of (cross-country) income distributions. This allows convenient study of the convergence hypothesis, and reveals, where appropriate, polarization and clumping within subgroups. The data show little cross-country convergence; instead, the important features are persistence, immobility, and polarization, exemplified by convergence club or twin peaks dynamics. 相似文献
6.
Ferdinando Meacci 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2009,22(4):333-348
The Austrian notion of stages of production and the related principle of the greater productivity of roundabout methods, plus
the neo-Austrian notions of vertical integration and vertical division of labour, are utilized in this paper in an attempt
to reconstruct Smith’s convoluted arguments on the different employment of capitals in chapter 5, book 2, of the Wealth of Nations. Smith’s arguments are first clarified in the light of the two concepts of capital (money capital and productive capital),
of the two aspects of productive labour (living labour and dead labour) and of the two viewpoints (of an individual and of
society) on which Smith’s theory is based. The results of this clarification are then used to prove that, independently of
Smith’s own words but in consistency with his theory, the notions of “quantity” and “productivity” of productive labour have
a “vertical”, as well as a “horizontal”, dimension so that they fit both the input–output scheme and the Austrian framework
of time-consuming methods of production. 相似文献
7.
Frédéric Lordon 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》1997,7(1):1-21
The slow and endogenous twist of economic macro-structure makes up an important evolutionary feature of capitalist economies,
and may be at the root of structural crisis. In this line, a Goodwinian growth model with increasing returns and profit-sharing
that tries to picture a simple scenario of the seventies crisis is considered. It is shown that the exhaustion of the Kaldor-Verdoorn
“productivity law” can entail, in a nonlinear framework, a “catastrophic” bifurcation from a “high” to a “low” growth path.
Slow/fast dynamical systems then allow one to formalize a multiple time-scales dynamics where the growth path is shaped by
the structural framework in which it takes place, but has also a long -un feedback. Structural change and crisis appear as
long term and endogenous outcomes. 相似文献
8.
André Varella Mollick 《Empirical Economics》2011,41(3):769-785
We estimate the world elasticity of substitution between labor types on a very well-known data set. Using enrollment ratios
and government expenditures on education as instruments, the plausible elasticities varying from 2.00 to 3.21 for the “college-completed”
definition suggests imperfect substitution between skilled and unskilled labor. Considerably higher values are found for the
“secondary” and “primary-completed” definitions. Overall, the higher the threshold for defining skilled labor, the lower the
elasticity and less likely is the switch between types of labor. These findings complement micro-evidence and support stronger
links between productivity and output for the “college educated” labor definition. 相似文献
9.
The service industry in China is underdeveloped, in comparison with not only the past experience of developed countries at
the similar level of GDP per capita, but also other similar developing countries at present. We define this deviation of China’s
service industry from the development trend in other countries as the “development deviation puzzle,” and propose a conceptual
framework based on the “manufacturing cost disease” hypothesis to understand the reasons behind this puzzle. We test our hypothesis
using the data from the urban cluster in Yangtze River Delta. The results indicate that labor productivity growth in service
industry is driven by capital investment and the “development deviation puzzle” is indeed rooted in the “manufacturing cost
disease.” Our analysis suggests that, to correct the underdevelopment of service industry, the strategy of investment-driven
industrialization and urbanization must be changed. Expansion of producer services is important in increasing the intensities
of human capital and foreign investment. 相似文献
10.
This paper updates and extends the time-series evidence on the convergence of international incomes using a set of 29 countries
over the period 1900–2001. Time-series tests for stochastic convergence are supplemented with tests which provide evidence
on the notion of “β-convergence” predicted by the Solow model. The evidence indicates that the relative income series of 21
countries are consistent with stochastic convergence, and that β-convergence has occurred in at least 16 countries at some
point during the twentieth century. Further examination of the properties of the β-convergence test provides anecdotal evidence
of conditional convergence in three additional countries for which the convergence hypothesis was initially rejected. Consideration
of convergence clubs strengthens the evidence in favor of convergence. Analysis of the cross-country dispersion of incomes
over time also suggests that convergence has occurred over the 1900–2001 period, particularly within certain clubs, with structural
breaks associated with World War II in many countries causing a break in the convergence process.
相似文献
11.
Transforming a traditional agricultural economy into a modern economy is one of the main themes in economic development. Through
theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper finds out that the key to transformation is to raise the economic value of
people, to improve human capital investment and to match the stocks of physical and human capital. China’s rural economy is
on the edge of economic take-off, and different zones may pursue different paths for transformation. The source of rural poverty
is not the scarcity of income or consumption, but the deficiency of education, social security, medical care and economic
opportunity, which we define as “capability poverty”.
__________
Translated from The Journal of World Economy (世界经济), 2005,(2) (in Chinese) 相似文献
12.
Jean-Pierre Aubin 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2003,13(2):95-124
Socio-economic networks, neural networks and genetic networks describe collective phenomena through constraints relating
actions of several actors, coalitions of these actors and multilinear connectionist operators acting on the set of actions
of each coalition. We provide a class of control systems governing the evolution of actions, coalitions and multilinear connectionist
operators under which the architecture of the network remains viable. The controls are the “viability multipliers” of the
“resource space” in which the constraints are defined. They are involved as “tensor products” of the actions of the coalitions
and the viability multiplier, allowing us to encapsulate in this dynamical and multilinear framework the concept of Hebbian
learning rules in neural networks in the form of “multi-Hebbian” dynamics in the evolution of connectionist operators. They
are also involved in the evolution of coalitions through the “cost” of the constraints under the viability multiplier regarded
as a price. 相似文献
13.
14.
Thomas O. Nitsch 《Forum for Social Economics》1994,24(1):1-40
From Aristotle to Scitovsky the nature and scope of human economy and economics have remained essentially the same, viz. the
prudent/efficient/welfaremaximizing administration/utilization of the scarce resources (chrèmata, “choses utiles,” etc.) comprising the household and the expertise there-of. Aristotle’s protégé, Theophrastus (d. 287 B.C.),
went to the extent of counseling that, for the “health and well-being” of all its members (including the livestock), theoikos “should be airy in the summer and sunny in the winter,” it no doubt going without saying that its roof should be kept in
good repair. Today, it behooves us to critically re-examine our traditional concepts of wealth, “land,” “the environment,”
and the socioeconomic unit whose storehouse of resources is to be managed aright, particularly along the history-of-thought
lines presented here.
Address delivered at a session on March 25, 1994 at the Midwest regional meetings of the Association for Social Economics,
Chicago. The author thanks Tom Coffey (Latin), Brace Malina and Plinio Prioreschi (Italian) for linguistic assistance. 相似文献
15.
Michael C. Munger 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2009,22(2):169-175
The use of the “principal–agent” model makes an implicit assumption about the existence of an underlying global optimum or
“general will.” This assumption is debatable, and Besley does not defend it sufficiently or even seem to realize how strong
an assumption it is. Still, it is standard in the literature, and Besley’s book is a very strong contribution to that literature.
Its two greatest strengths are its solid microfoundations, and its use of the classical “comparative statics” approach to
analyze dynamics.
相似文献
16.
We study a two-sector model with heterogeneous agents and borrowing constraint on labor income. We show that the relative
capital intensity difference across sectors is crucial for the conditions required to get indeterminacy and endogenous fluctuations.
The main result shows that when the consumption good is sufficiently capital intensive, local indeterminacy arises while the
elasticities of capital–labor substitution in both sectors are slightly greater than unity and the elasticity of the offer
curve is low enough. Locally indeterminate equilibria are thus compatible with a low elasticity of intertemporal substitution
in consumption and a low elasticity of the labor supply. As recently shown in empirical analysis, these conditions appear
to be in accordance with macroeconomic evidences.
We would like to thank R. Becker, J.P. Drugeon and an anonymous referee for useful comments and suggestions. The current version
also benefited from a presentation at the conference “Public Economic Theory 04”, Beijing, August 2004. 相似文献
17.
David Ellerman 《Forum for Social Economics》2000,29(2):33-48
I argue that math, like love, can cover a multitude of sins, and I use the neoclassical object of adoration, the Arrow-Debreu
model, as the case in point. It is commonplace that the Arrow-Debreu (AD) model of general equilibrium does not describe the
real world, but it is equally commonplace to accept it as representing the pure logic of the competitive capitalist economy
in an idealized world free of transactions costs. I show that the AD model fails even as an idealized model; it actually mistakes
the logic of pure capitalism. Unlike McKenzie’s model of idealized general equilibrium under constant returns to scale, Arrow
and Debreu claim to have shown the existence of competitive equilibrium under decreasing returns to scale and positive pure
profits. The AD model (again unlike the McKinzie model) needs to assign the profits to individuals and this is done using
the notion of “ownership of the production set.” But this notion suffers from a fatal ambiguity. If Arrow and Debreu interpret
it to mean “ownership of a corporation” then a simple argument in the form “labor can hire capital or capital can hire labor”
defeats the alleged necessity of assigning residual claimancy to the corporation. A given corporation may or may not end up
exploiting a set of production opportunities (represented by a production set) depending on whether it hires in labor and
undertakes production or hires out its capital to others (all by assumption at the parametrically given prices). In the latter
case, residual claimancy is elsewhere. There is no such property right as “ownership of a production set” in a private property
market economy. The legal party which purchases or already owns all the inputs used up in production has the defensible legal
claim on the outputs: there is no need to also “purchase the production set.” At any set of prices that allow positive pure
profits, anyone in the idealized AD model could bid up the price of the inputs and thus try to reap a smaller but still positive
profit. Therefore,pace Arrow and Debreu, there could be no equilibrium with positive pure profits. In the Appendix, the property rights fallacy
that afflicts the AD model is shown to also afflict orthodox capital theory and corporate finance theory.
World Bank
The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author and should not be attributed
in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations or to the members of its Board of Directors or the countries
they represent. 相似文献
18.
This paper suggests a class of stochastic collective learning processes exhibiting very irregular behavior. In particular,
there are multimodal long run distributions. Some of these modes may vanish as the population size increases. This may be
thought of as “bubbles” persistent for a finite range of population sizes but disappearing in the limit. The limit distribution
proves to be a discontinuous function of parameters determining the learning process. This gives rise to another type of “bubbles”:
limit outcomes corresponding to small perturbations of parameters are different. Since an agent's decision rule involves imitation
of the majority choice in a random sample of other members of the population, the resulting collective dynamics exhibit “herding”
or “epidemic” features.
RID="*"
ID="*" We are grateful to two anonymous referees for the comments and suggestions.
Correspondence to: L. Gaio 相似文献
19.
Financial reforms and capital flows to emerging Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Martin Schmitz 《Empirica》2011,38(4):579-605
Analysis of 18 emerging European economies finds domestic financial reforms to be positively associated with net capital inflows.
Controlling for standard determinants of capital flows, we find banking sector reforms in particular to be consistent with
higher net financial inflows, whereas no such correlation is found for security market reforms or for indicators of financial
depth. Additional net inflows are reaped by the EU accession countries. Countries with more reformed banking sectors receive
significantly higher FDI and “other” investment net inflows; this is also found for gross financial inflows, but not for gross
outflows. 相似文献
20.
We analyze the implications of relative wealth preferences in a Ramsey model with endogenous labor supply. In contrast to
relative consumption preferences, they allow for the possibility that agents work too little in the long run, while under
both specifications the steady-state levels of consumption and the stock of physical capital exceed their socially optimal
counterparts. Even in the case of excessive leisure agents are worse off in terms of intertemporal utility because initial
transitional dynamics are characterized by under-consumption and excessive work effort. “Too much” long-run consumption of
goods and leisure is possible due to the excessive capital-labor ratio.
相似文献