会计电算化与税收检查信息化的关系初探

随着我国会计电算化事业的迅猛发展,我国使用财务软件处理会计事务的企事业单位逐年大幅度增加。加之电子商务的发展、网络及各种信息技术的应用,如何改革现有的检查手段、尽快提升税收检查的信息化水平已成为税务部门面临的一项重要课题。     

批量评估:从价税的税基评估方法

批量评估方法是20世纪70年代兴起的评估方法,它是在评估三大基本方法与财产特征数据的基础上,结合数理统计技术和其它相关技术而形成的一种新的评估技术.随着计算机技术的开发与应用,批量评估得到了迅速发展.目前,这种评估方法已在欧美国家不动产税征收的税基评估中广泛应用.本文回顾了批量评估产生与发展的历程,并且举例阐述了其方法原理和主要的操作过程,可为我国税基评估及具备共性的大批量资产评估提供借鉴.     

日本职工股票期权税务诉讼案

2002年11月26日,日本东京地方法院对职工股票期权(Stock option)一案做出判决:认定被告(东京北泽税务署)做出的一系列更正决定①违法。至此,长达两年的“职工股票期权诉讼”一案宣告结束。这虽然是地方法院的一个判决,但却对日本各级税务机关的执法行为造成较大的震撼,成为纳税者权利救济的一个经典案例。     

营业税改征增值税的税率评估——基于可计算一般均衡模型的研究

营业税改征增值税是完善我国税制的一个重要举措,确定各个产业部门改征增值税后的税率是其中一个关键的环节。运用可计算一般均衡模型可以评估营业税改征增值税之后不同税率的选择对宏观经济和产业结构的影响。政策模拟的结果显示,目前正在实施的营业税改征增值税的试点方案权衡了对财政收入和经济增长以及经济结构的影响,是对经济运行影响较小的稳健选择。     

税收公共化:为自己纳税

公共化的税收,是人们具有"为自己纳税"意识的税收.为了解决社会公众缺乏纳税积极性和主动性的问题,税务部门在大力宣传"诚信纳税"的口号,试图以此来解决问题.显然,如果人们都诚信纳税了,税收工作的局面也就根本改观了.然而,怎样才能真正使得人们"诚信纳税"?加强宣传和征管等措施都能起到很大的作用,但仍然没有解决人们"为什么要纳税"这一根本性的问题,因而它们的作用只是治标而非治本.     

我国的社会保障税法应由工薪税、自营人员税和农村人口税组成

我国社会保障税法应由三个税冲组成,即工薪税、自营人员税和农村人口税. (一)工薪税.     

税收高增长与新一轮税改:2003年税收大事盘点

盘点发生在2003年的中国税收大事,最为抢眼的可能是两件。一是税收收入在经历了“非典”的强烈冲击之后仍然延续了高速增长的势头。而且增势更猛。全年增收额为3446亿元,增长率为20.3%。另一件事,与现行税制相伴10年之久的出口退税矛盾,终于有了一个至少目前看来是比较适当的解决方案——出口退税机制改革。作为税制改革的一个重要内容,它于2003年9月底公布并从2004年元月1日起实施。前一件事,应当说是有点出人意料、但也在情理之中的。记得去年四、五月间“非典”肆虐的时候,不少的经济学家曾经预言,2003年的税收收入将随着GDP增速的下降…     

A Case-Based Reasoning System for Indirect Bank Lending

By implementing case-based reasoning (CBR) systems, business organizations can utilize past cases—a key data resource—for future decision making. CBR is particularly suitable for business domains that have available a large amount of historical data. One such domain is indirect bank lending. In this paper, we present a case-based system that operates in the bank lending domain. The system recommends whether an indirect loan application should be approved or denied, based on past experiences. We describe how the system was developed and explain how the system functions. The system was empirically evaluated using actual loan cases. The positive results of the evaluation confirm our hypothesis that CBR is an attractive decision-making methodology for the bank lending domain.     

SCAN: A Case-Based Reasoning Model for Generating Information System Control Recommendations

This paper describes SCAN, a case-based reasoning model for generating information system control recommendations. The purpose of the paper is to explain how a case-based reasoner may be used to support inexperienced information system auditors in evaluating controls and proposing audit recommendations. As a case-based reasoner, SCAN functions by reasoning by analogy to similar past cases. SCAN models audit experience as traces of past cases which are stored in a case knowledge base. In addition to a database of past audit cases, SCAN consists of indices for storing and retrieving cases, a similarity metric for measuring case similarity, and rules for using similar cases to generate control recommendations. SCAN uses past cases to remind the user of previous control failures, to set expectations about case features and controls, to use as a pattern against which to compare a client's controls and to help justify or explain its recommendations. SCAN's recommendations were judged to be more like those of an experienced auditor than either a student or a textbook model.     

碳税:减排温室气体的重要税收制度

"阿伦纽斯假说"与"京都会议" 早在19世纪20年代,法国科学家Jean.Fouxier就发现自然温室效应,并进一步论证这一效应对生物生存的重要性,认为自然温室效应是地球能量系统平衡的重要组成部分.     

Attitudes towards Tax Levels: A Multi‐Tax Comparison*

We analyse Swedes' opinions about the levels of 11 different taxes to see which taxes people are most averse to and why. The most unpopular tax is the real estate tax, while the corporate tax is the least unpopular. We find a strong self‐interest effect in tax attitudes and that knowledge and education increase support for corrective taxes.     

会计电算化条件下内部控制方法的探索

内部控制系统存在于每一个会计主体.传统的内部控制是建立在手工记账环境下,具有明显的手工账务处理特色.……     

价内税和价外税的选择偏好研究

本文从价内税和价外税的划分入手,通过问卷调查,考察了消费者价内税和价外税的选择偏好。研究结果显示,在“价税合一”和“无所谓”这两种选择之间,年龄、性别、收入、学历等考察变量,特征都不显著。而在“价税分离”和“无所谓”两种选择之间,具有显著的特征是是否有独立经营的企业,是否认识到自己是纳税人,以及是否认识到流转税和自己有关这三个变量,而其他变量的特征都不显著。     

Case-Based Reasoning: Application Techniques for Decision Support

Decision-support systems can be improved by enabling them to use past decisions to assist in making present ones. Reasoning from relevant past cases is appealing because it corresponds to some of the processes an expert uses to solve problems quickly and accurately. All this depends on an effective method of organizing cases for retrieval. This paper investigates the use of inductive networks as a means for case organization and outlines an approach to determining the desired number of cases—or assessing the reliability of a given number. Our method is demonstrated by application to decision making on corporate tax audits.     

依法治税与地方政府税收犯罪的研究

依法治税的关键在于征税主体行为的规范.当前,地方政府犯罪是依法治税的最大威胁,不遏制政府犯罪就不可能真正实现依法治税.不能把政府犯罪的原因仅仅归结为政府个别领导人的品质恶劣或思想作风腐败,其根本原因在于现行制度的不足与缺陷,主要表现在政府及税务机关的治税权力的边界不明确;税收计划与税收工作考核制度有偏;财政体制不完善;干部制度存在缺陷;对政府犯罪的监督打击不力;税收法制环境不良等.防范和制止政府犯罪必须从治理产生政府犯罪的环境和条件入手,贯彻税收法律主义,构建有效的防范与惩治制度.     

诚信纳税:税收伦理的金规则

确立道德金规则的目的是寻求价值共识,提供解决价值冲突的道德思维方式,夯实各类制度的伦理价值基础。从税收伦理角度审视,诚信纳税是税收伦理的金规则。诚信纳税是各类纳税人的最普遍的一条价值共识原则,是解决税收领域价值冲突和制定各类税收政策法律的伦理基础。当诚信纳税伦理被培育成一种社会资本时,会提高社会纳税意识,降低税收治理成本。