中国水产品出口的增长效应分析

本文采用恒定市场份额模型对十几年来中国水产品出口进行了实证分析,寻找到中国水产品出口增长的主要原因.实证结果显示,竞争力是中国水产品出口增长的主要影响因素.市场规模的扩大,表明进口国对水产品的需求增加是促进中国水产品出口的重要原因.市场分布效应成为中国水产品出口的抑制因素,近几年新兴市场抵消了部分负效应,抑制作用有所减弱.     

中国水产品出口对农业经济增长的效应分析——基于1978～2007年数据的时间序列分析

本文根据1978—2007年的统计数据,对水产品出口与农业经济增长之间的动态关系进行了研究。实证研究结果表明,水产品出口与农业经济增长之间存在着一种长期稳定的均衡关系;LNRGOV（农林牧渔业总产值对数值）与LNEXAQ（水产品出口量对数值）之间存在单方面的格兰杰（Granger）因果关系;误差修正模型、脉冲响应函数和预测均方误差分解的结果表明,农业经济增长与水产品出口为正向的相关关系,但水产品出口对农业经济增长的拉动作用并不明显,而农业经济增长对水产品出口具有较明显的促进作用。     

我国罗非鱼出口面临的机遇与挑战

罗非鱼是我国水产品出口创汇的主要品种之一,出口量和出口总值呈逐年增长趋势,近几年的出口增长率位居世界第一位.本文根据我国2004年到2008年上半年罗非鱼进出口产品数据,详细介绍了罗非鱼最大进口国--美国的罗非鱼市场现状,分析了我国的罗非鱼出口现状,总结了我国罗非鱼出口面临的产品单一,缺乏深加工产品、品牌产品及多元化的罗非鱼新产品,出口市场过于集中,出口产业发展步伐减缓,出口产品质量有待提高等问题.     

东部7省水产品出口对渔业经济发展的影响研究

本文选取了我国东部地区的辽宁、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东和海南这7个渔业大省作为研究对象,以2002—2007年的水产品出口额、固定资产投资额、渔业劳动力和渔业经济产值数据为样本,采用出口扩展型生产函数模型,运用面板数据进行实证分析并测算各省水产品出口的贡献率。结果得出这7个省水产品出口都对渔业经济增长有正向的拉动作用,且各省拉动作用的趋势。最后,根据结论提出相关的政策建议。     

水产品加工业企业异质性对产品出口的影响——基于中国工业企业数据的实证分析

论文以2005-2009年中国工业企业数据库中水产品加工业的微观数据为样本,筛选其中7553个规模以上的水产品加工业企业样本数据进行面板分析。通过企业出口与非出口分布的统计分析,测算企业劳动生产率和全要素生产率,回归分析生产率、企业规模及地区分布等对企业产出和出口行为的影响。结果表明:生产率、企业规模、企业运营年数对出口与非出口企业的产出都有显著影响;其中,出口企业中,生产率和企业规模是决定企业出口交货值的重要影响因素,企业规模对企业出口决策选择影响显著。     

农作物在园林绿化中的应用

列举了一些具有代表性的农作物,以其主要形态特征为依据,阐明其在园林绿化中应用的特点;农作物应用于园林绿化的优点很多,值得推广使用。     

Pricing-to-market in NSW rice export markets

The Ricegrowers' Cooperative Limited is a single-desk seller of NSW Japonica rice on the export market. Confidential monthly price data supplied by the Cooperative were used to examine 'pricing-to-market' in four of its major export markets. The hypothesis of a competitive market was rejected. The Cooperative has been able to vary mark-ups over different markets and with respect to the importer's currency in each market. The exchange rate results in particular suggest that the Cooperative has been able to exercise market power to obtain price premiums.     

Spillovers from high-value agriculture for exports on land use in developing countries: evidence from Madagascar

High-value agriculture for exports is increasingly important in developing countries. In a case study of contract farming for exports of vegetables from Madagascar, strong spillover effects of these trade opportunities on land use are found to exist. Using a matched plot sampling design, the productivity of rice—the main domestically consumed staple—is shown to be two-thirds higher on fields that were contracted during the off-season for the production of vegetables. This increase in yields is linked to an increase of soil fertility due to the application of fertilizer and compost, which farmers did not use prior to the contracts. Although agricultural output goes up significantly, labor productivity stays the same, suggesting that there is greater labor absorption on existing land and the diffusion of this type of technology at a larger scale throughout Madagascar would be expected to substantially decrease incentives to deforest by increasing wages and to boost productivity of existing lands relative to newly deforested ones.     

CAP payments and spatial diversity in cereal crops: An analysis of Italian farms

Agricultural biodiversity conservation has been recognized as a fundamental resource for the maintenance of ecological and economic functions. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has an impact on crop diversity decisions of farm managers. In so doing, we allow the diversity decision to depend on a rich set of economic and agro-ecological variables, such as prices of the most common cereal varieties, and agro-ecological and socio-economic characteristics at farm and regional level. Using a panel dataset over the period 2004–2010, we compare the results obtained from pooled-OLS and dynamic panel GMM estimators. The empirical analysis shows the existence of a positive relationship between CAP payments and diversity. In addition, decoupling subsidies from production seems to have a positive effect on biodiversity.     

Effects of log export ban policy and dynamics of global tropical wood markets on the growth of timber industry in Ghana

The effects of log export ban (LEB) policy and dynamics of global tropical timber markets on the growth of Ghanaian timber industry were studied. The purpose was to follow the trend in the growth of timber industry from 1984 to 2005 using Fisher index and semi-log regression analysis. The study showed that the volume of plywood, veneer, and processed wood exported before the period of 1984–1995 and during the LEB policy (1996–2005) was, respectively, 6% and 46% of the total exports during those periods. On the contrary, the aggregate price index of all products exported before the LEB policy was up by 129% compared to −3.9% for the period during the LEB policy. A further decline in prices of the most products exported during the LEB policy was found by the study. Thus even though an LEB policy could increase volume share of value-added products, it cannot guarantee growth in prices of wood products.     

上海市水产品出口竞争力分析

上海市作为国际大都市,商品出口贸易发展迅速.就水产业而言,水产品出口也成为上海市水产品的重要销售途径.因此,对上海市水产品出口竞争力的研究分析就显得尤为重要.通过对上海市水产品出口额、显示性比较优势指数、显示性竞争比较优势指数、水产品资源禀赋系数、相对贸易优势指数的计算,得出上海市水产品在生产领域和出口竞争力方面都不具有比较优势.所以,要想推动上海市水产品出口的发展,必须从其他方面增加上海市水产品出口的竞争优势,比如增加出口水产品的深加工附加值;实现工厂化养殖,降低成本,形成价格优势;提高检测检疫标准,形成质量优势;走品牌路线,推动优势水产品的出口;开拓新兴市场,获得先行优势.     

青岛市出口贸易与产业结构变动的实证分析

青岛市作为我国重要的经济中心城市和沿海开放城市之一,其得天独厚的滨海优势加速了出口贸易的发展,出口贸易己逐步成为区域经济增长的主要力量。从近20年的数据可以看出,青岛市的出口贸易总值对其产业结构的变动存在着一定的影响。本文运用理论分析与实证分析相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法,以青岛市出口贸易额与青岛市产业结构变动之间的关系为研究对象,分析两者之间的变动关系,提出引导出口产业向高附加值过度、构建出口产业链、以出口产业注入技术要素带动整个产业的发展、加强国际合作、考虑滞后影响、重点进行长期引导等政策建议。     

Enhancing ecosystem services in vineyards: using cover crops to decrease botrytis bunch rot severity

Botrytis bunch rot is a disease that causes loss of yield and quality in many fruit and vegetable crops in temperate climates worldwide. The rot is caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea, a saprophytic necrotroph. In grapes, the presence of the fungus can reduce yield, taint wine and increase its sensitivity to oxidation. In the current work, inter-row phacelia and ryegrass were mulched in situ in winter 2005 and compared with a bare ground control. The mulches were applied under 10-year-old Chardonnay vines in a 10-replicate randomized block design in New Zealand. Functional soil biological activity increased by 1.5–4.5 times in the two cover crop treatments compared with the control, an effect related to elevated soil moisture in these treatments. This increase in soil moisture and a higher rate of soil biological activity increased vine debris degradation, reduced B. cinerea primary inoculum on the debris and decreased B. cinerea severity at flowering (December 2005) and harvest (April 2006). These results show the potential of mulched cover crops to enhance soil ecosystem services, reduce variable costs and improve the sustainability of viticulture and potentially other agricultural systems, in temperate climates worldwide.     

Evaluating Alternative Policy Responses to Higher World Food Prices: The Case of Increasing Rice Prices in Madagascar

Higher world food prices have led many developing countries to adopt policies to mitigate the impact on low-income households. This article sets out a partial equilibrium framework to evaluate the efficiency, distributional, and revenue implications of alternative policy responses. The model is applied to evaluate tariff reductions and targeted transfers in Madagascar. Although lowering tariffs generates substantial efficiency gains, these accrue mainly to the top half of the welfare distribution, and poor net sellers are actually worse off. Developing a system of targeted direct transfers to poor households is likely to be a substantially more cost-effective approach to poverty alleviation.     

厄瓜多尔金枪鱼生产、加工及其出口概述

厄瓜多尔地处赤道,西滨太平洋,金枪鱼渔业资源丰富,是世界上重要的金枪鱼渔业国家.本文扼要地介绍了厄瓜多尔金枪鱼捕捞、加工、出口的现状和发展趋势.目前,该国船队每年的金枪鱼渔获量保持在15万吨～16万吨之间,主要的渔获物为鲣鱼、黄鳍金枪鱼和少量肥壮金枪鱼.该国加工业的生产能力为渔获量的两倍,不足部分主要从东太平洋作业的船队进口,偶尔向西太平洋作业的船队进口.主要的出口国为美国,进入美国的金枪鱼产品型态不同,征收的关税不同.