英国交通运输外部性的内部化政策分析

从1890年马歇尔首次使用"外部经济"概念以来,外部性被看成是市场失灵的一种共生现象.进入20世纪90年代后,人们非常关注交通运输业的外部性,认为运输业是外部性极强的产业.<英国交通运输业的未来>作为英国未来30年的指导性交通战略规划,始终坚持平衡发展,坚持长期而持续的投资,充分考虑今后30年面临的挑战,制定了近期及远期计划,针对不同运输方式提出一系列交通运输政策,充分体现了交通运输产业第三产业特性、公共产品理论、外部性理论和自然垄断理论.     

物联网多目标运输路径调度系统的设计与实现分析

近年来,我国物流产业取得了日益迅猛的发展.在物流产业成本中,车辆运输、配送耗费的成本占据的比重较大.为降低运输和配送耗费的成本,有必要基于物联网设计多目标运输路径调度系统.本文简述了物联网在物流领域中的应用,浅析了物联网多目标运输路径调度系统的设计思路,探究了物联网多目标运输路径系统的模块配置,以期为相关研究提供借鉴.     

LNG新能源客车的应用

我国“十二五”规划中提出交通n运输要“大力发展节能环保的运输工具和运输方式”,推动发展绿色低碳运输。各级政府及交通主管部门也积极鼓励和支持运输企业使用新能源客车。可以肯定,新能源客车的制造和绿色、低碳运输,是未来汽车业和道路运输企业的发展方向。近年来,聊城交运集团在发展液化天然气（LNG）新能源客车方面做了些尝试,笔者就新能源客车的应用谈几点认识。     

《铁道运输与经济》

正创刊于1979年中国铁道科学研究院主办月刊,每期18元,全年216元刊物定位:发布运输政策信息,研究铁路运输理论服务铁路现代物流,宣传运输经济热点探讨安全风险控制,搭建学术交流平台《铁道运输与经济》围绕铁路现代物流发展,突出反映运输政策信息,宣传铁路运输发展方向,在运输理论、现代化物流、运输安全、运输组织、经济研究、电子商务、管理创新、站场枢纽、城市轨道交通等方面,加强理论研究和创新实践的宣传。     

我国铁路基础设施噪声的边际成本定价方法研究

通过概述国内外学者关于运输外部性内部化政策、运输外部性评估、运输外部成本计算方法等方面的研究成果,阐述了美国及欧盟寻求实现运输外部成本内部化的政策和方法。针对我国铁路基础设施噪声污染问题,在分析铁路噪声的产生、传播及估算的基础上,研究提出利用边际成本定价方法计算铁路噪声边际成本。噪声定价方法还有支付意愿法、冲击路径法等,这些定价方法及其实证量化还有待进一步深入研究。     

基于SCP范式的我国物流产业组织研究：文献综述与展望

本文以产业组织的经典SCP范式为理论框架，分别从物流产业的市场结构、企业行为、经济绩效及相互关系，以及政府规制等几方面，对我国物流业的产业组织研究进行梳理，并在综述的基础上，对现阶段研究可能存在的问题和未来研究方向进行了讨论。     

"2007年运输经济理论与政策暨产业经济学发展"学术论坛会议综述

2007年12月8日至9日,北京交通大学经济管理学院主办了"2007年运输经济理论与政策暨产业经济学发展"学术论坛,本次会议主要探讨了产业经济与运输经济领域相关理论与政策问题,对综合运输、公路、铁路、民航、城市交通、物流、欧洲运输市场等各个方面的议题进行了研讨,对运输管制、运输资源、运输价格、集装箱技术标准、公路投融资等进行了专题分析.与会代表认为,我国运输经济理论尚需结合产业特性,发展符合交通运输特点的理论体系,并需结合我国综合运输和个别交通运输方式发展的现状,提出有针对性的政策建议.一些代表还对我国宏观经济走势、总部经济等现实热点问题进行了专题演讲.     

个体运输市场的发展趋势及对策分析

个体运输一直是道路运输发展过程中的焦点、热点、难点问题。目前,道路运输面临结构调整,其中包括所有制结构、经济主体结构和车辆结构等的调整。在道路运输所有制结构调整中,如何认识个体运输在过去及未来中的地位、作用,直接关系到能否适应对外开放的竞争需要,能否解决道路运输低质量运行问题,能否促进道路运输健康、持续、稳定发展。     

智能交通的“无限”可能——第四届中国智能运输大会(ITS CC)暨第二届深圳国际智能交通与卫星导航位置服务展览会侧记

正5月26日,由交通运输部公路科学研究院、深圳交通运输委员会、中国卫星导航定位协会共同举办的第四届中国智能运输大会拉开帷幕。当"泛在交通信息服务"、"无处不在的智能交通"、"智慧交通"等字眼频繁出现,不难发现,在我国智能交通未来发展方向的问题上,本届中国智能运输大会释放出更加明确的信号:提高信息化、智能化在推进行业发展中的重要地位,将引领交通行业转型发展。     

智慧交通与能源之路

正本文以道路交通发展为切入点,由人类道路交通发展史提炼发展方向及发展形式的决定性因素。以当今科技、道路交通行业、相关产业发展为基础,结合历史理论,跳脱单一交通思维,通过跨行业的解析,勾勒全面立体的未来道路交通特点。并基于这些特点,逐步揭示光伏路面作为未来道路交通基础性载体的重大意义及功能实现路径。在此基础上进一步探索光伏路面对光伏行业、国家电力运行调配及整个电力产业将产生的重大影响和深远意义。     

Conceptualising tourism transport: inequality and externality issues

This paper raises several conceptual questions concerning the actual and symbolic representations of inequality and differentiation expressed in leisure and tourism mobility which have significance for members of host communities visited, transport and land-use planning in host areas, tourists and the tourism industry. Within this framework, the paper explores two sets of conceptual issues which are positioned at the interface of transport and tourism. First, transport has the potential to act as a gatekeeper to culture contact, constraining or encouraging host–tourist interaction. Second, the role of tourist mobility at a local level can be critical for issues of inequality and externality effects. The substantial tourism impacts literature has only occasionally addressed social dimensions of leisure transport's external costs, and the transport geography literature has rarely acknowledged the differentiation of tourists and non-tourists competing for transport and transport space. It is concluded that transport and land-use planners need to recognise and respond to tourism's externalities and their implications for inequality and sustainability issues.     

Airline hubs in Southeast Asia: national economic development and nodal accessibility

For developing countries, integration into the international airline industry is an important prerequisite to access global flows of money, goods, people, and information. This research examines how patterns of international air transport accessibility changed in Southeast Asia over the period 1979–1997. Particular attention is given to the competition between the major hubs of the region. The paper argues that national governments have used a variety of tools, including airline industry liberalization and airport development, to shape the development of air transport networks. The results of these strategies are assessed using network analysis.     

Quantifying spatial gaps in public transport supply based on social needs

This paper concerns a research project to identify spatial gaps in public transport provision for people who are socially disadvantaged. The paper outlines the research context for measurement of public transport supply and needs, and then describes the methodology developed for an application in Melbourne, Australia. Results of the application are described including key findings on spatial gaps in services relative to social needs. The research identifies significant gaps between services supplied and social needs for transport services. Consistency of these findings with research in other Australian cities are noted. Implications for policy development are suggested.     

Norway's urban toll rings: Evolving towards congestion charging?

The role of various types of road user tolls has been an important part of Norwegian transport development for a number of years. There are now around 50 such projects in operation around the country. This paper examines the urban toll ring projects and presents results from new research into the schemes in Norway's three largest cities: Oslo, Bergen and Trondheim. The research indicates that key decisions are being debated as to whether the schemes will continue as toll rings, be stopped completely or transformed into more of a demand management style policy. Interviews with road and local authorities have shown that the feelings are mixed and that the decision will depend on various transport, social, organisational and political factors.This paper reviews the cases of Bergen, Oslo and Trondheim and documents the latest developments in each scheme. The theory behind the application of the toll rings is explored through the case studies. Despite all the projects being implemented by similar networks, each scheme developed its own individual characteristics. These are laid alongside the economic and transport benefits with which they have been associated. The Strategic Policy Niche Management framework is used to analyse various aspects of the toll projects and identify key lessons. The effect these might have on future UK projects is also discussed.     

B篇：试论我国发展高速铁路的基础

综述我国高速铁路发展及影响研究成果,结合世界高速铁路发展现状,运用运输化理论和铁路现代化理论,探讨我国加快发展高速铁路的深层原因。     

提升铁路运输保障能力服务地区经济社会发展——呼和浩特铁路局林奋强局长访谈

结合内蒙古经济社会发展实际，探讨铁路运输企业如何加强战略研究和规划，深入推进内涵挖潜和外延扩能，不断提升铁路运输服务保障能力，充分发挥铁路在国民经济中的基础性作用，促进内蒙古自治区经济社会又好又快发展。     

A bilevel storage pricing model for outbound containers in a dry port system

Serving as a potential solution for seaport congestion and capacity limitation, dry port development is increasingly popular in the freight transport industry. This paper pioneers the research on dry port operations by modelling the storage pricing problem for outbound containers. The interaction between a dry port and multiple shippers is modelled as a bilevel program. The optimal properties of the proposed model under certain conditions are derived analytically, from which a closed-form solution is obtained. Contrary to intuition, the increase of container delivery frequency from shippers may lead to the reduction of dry port’s profit according to model outcomes.     

Where does flygskam come from? The role of citizens’ lack of knowledge of the environmental impact of air transport in explaining the development of flight shame

A growing number of citizens are concerned about the environmental impact of air transport, and aviation has become synonymous with high carbon emissions and global warming, which has led to the development of flygskam (or flight shame) in Europe. While its impact on air traffic remains unclear, flight shame has forced the airline industry to react and better understand its origin. In this research, building on the growing literature on industry and organizational stigma, we assume that flight shame can be partly explained by a distorted public perception of the environmental impact of air transport. Accordingly, we investigate the level of knowledge of the environmental footprint of air transport. Based on a sample of 1018 French respondents, we reveal that more than 90% of respondents overestimate the share of air transport in global carbon emissions. We also show that 98% of the respondents underestimate the reduction in carbon emissions per passenger. Finally, we investigate the awareness of the measures taken by the industry to curb its carbon emissions and highlight, for instance, that 70% of respondents overestimate the fuel consumption of the newest generations of aircraft. Based on these results, we draw lessons for airlines and for the air transport industry to help cope with flight shame in Europe.     

航空旅客周转量与第三产业增长关系实证研究

新型运输方式与第三产业增长关系的研究有利于相关基础设施建设科学统筹、合理规划,并带动区域经济发展。以航空运输为代表,选取甘肃省航空周转量与第三产业1978-2012年数据进行研究。通过E-G两步法、分布滞后模型和误差修正模型的构建,依次对二者之间的长期协整关系、短期贡献弹性进行测算。在此基础上,通过构建VAR（2）模型,分析得出目前甘肃省现代化运输方式发展严重滞后的结论,提出航空运输、高速铁路等新型运输方式与第三产业良性互动发展策略。     

D篇：航空运输的发展及对铁路运输的影响

从民航的发展速度、新技术新产品的应用、管理模式创新、发展规模等方面分析航空业发展对铁路运输的影响，认为航空运输的发展推动着铁路运输的发展和提高。