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1.
Andrea Bonaccorsi 《Journal of Economic Policy Reform》2017,20(4):293-320
The paper addresses the rising criticism to innovation policies that have assumed a direct and massive impact of universities in regional economies. It integrates the literature in economics of innovation, higher education, economic geography and regional studies. The paper shows why research excellence is considered a necessary condition for regional impact, why it is not sufficient, and whether there are substitutes. The Additional Material section includes an analysis, based on original data, on research excellence in universities in European peripheral regions. The policy implications call for a new approach to the role of universities. 相似文献
2.
Trade and the Transmission of Technology 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
Wolfgang Keller 《Journal of Economic Growth》2002,7(1):5-24
This paper integrates earlier studies on the link of productivity and research and development (R&D) in different industries of a closed economy with the more recent emphasis on R&D-driven growth and international trade in open economies. In this framework, technology in the form of product designs is transmitted to other industries, both domestically as well as internationally, through trade in differentiated intermediate goods. I present empirical results based on a new industry-level data set that covers more than 65 percent of the worlds manufacturing output and most of the worlds R&D expenditures between 1970 and 1991. The analysis considers productivity effects from R&D in the domestic industry itself, from R&D in other domestic industries, as well as in the same and other foreign industries. I estimate strong productivity effects both from own R&D spending and R&D conducted elsewhere. The contribution of R&D in the industry itself is about 50 percent in this sample. Domestic R&D in other industries is the source of 30 percent of the productivity increases, and the remaining 20 percent are due to R&D expenditures in foreign industries. 相似文献
3.
Jeroen Hinloopen 《Journal of Economics》1997,66(2):151-175
Comparing the effect on private R&D investments of allowing firms to cooperate in R&D with that of providing R&D subsidies reveals that in general the latter policy is more effective than the former in promoting R&D activity. Analyzing the implementation of both policies simultaneously reveals that subsidizing cooperative and noncooperative R&D leads to the same market outcome. The preferred R&D-stimulating policy is to subsidize optimally an agreement according to which firms only share the outcomes of their independent research. 相似文献
4.
在实现高等教育大众化过程中,科研教学人员是高校得以发展的主导力量,其科学研究是高校得以发展的必要条件。树立正确的高等学校科学研究质量观,对高校科研教学人员的成果进行正确合理的评价,不仅关系到研究人员自身的利益,而且关系到高校的创新发展和人才培养。 相似文献
5.
从空间关联视角再审视政府创新补贴的效应,并基于2001—2017年我国省际面板数据,运用空间面板模型分析了政府创新补贴对中国工业自有研发支出的影响。结果表明,政府创新补贴显著激励了本省市工业自有研发支出,同时,也正向影响相邻省市工业自有研发支出。在控制了内生性问题后,该结论依然成立。另外,在不同所有制和创新水平下,政府创新补贴对工业自有研发支出的空间影响效果存在差异。根据研究结论,本文提出加大政府创新补贴力度并充分考虑溢出效应、融合政府激励和市场驱动以及营造支持成功创新的环境等4项政策建议。 相似文献
6.
ABSTRACT Performance-based research evaluations have been adopted in several countries both to measure research quality in higher education institutions and as a basis for the allocation of funding across institutions. Much attention has been given to evaluating whether such schemes have increased the quality and quantity of research. This paper examines whether the introduction of the New Zealand Performance-Based Research Fund process produced convergence or divergence in measured research quality across universities and disciplines between the 2003 and 2012 assessments. Two convergence measures are obtained. One, referred to as β-convergence, relates to the relationship between changes in average quality and the initial quality level. The second concept, referred to as σ-convergence, relates to the changes in the dispersion in average research quality over time. Average quality scores by discipline and university were obtained from individual researcher data, revealing substantial β- and σ-convergence in research quality over the period. The hypothesis of uniform rates of convergence across almost all universities and disciplines is supported. The results provide insights into the incentives created by performance-based funding schemes. 相似文献
7.
构建权重矩阵来衡量研发外溢是最常用的衡量间接研发资本的方式,常用的是基于贸易额、专利信息和投入产出信息等来构建权重矩阵,但其中存在较多争议的是基于专利信息所构建的权重矩阵。通过对有关文献进行梳理,以及其所对应的衡量方式进行综述,发现以往对研发外溢的衡量主要侧重于宏观层面,如国家或行业层面,但对企业研发外溢的衡量较少,因此,对企业研发外溢的衡量是后续研究的主要侧重面。 相似文献
8.
阐述我国高校科研的现状及黑龙江省高校科研优势,分析高校科研对社会经济发展的作用,并结合黑龙江省"八大经济区"和"十大工程"战略目标,提出了以立足区域经济发展完善高校科研转化机制、打造创新平台、推进产学研合作、加快成果转化等对策,以服务于地方经济,推动区域经济发展。 相似文献
9.
教学质量是高校的生命线,关系到学校的生存和发展。构建教学质量监控体系是教学管理工作的重要内容,更是提高教学质量的有效措施。高校的教学管理工作,可通过建立教学检查制度、健全听课制度、建立教学督导制度、建立学生信息员制度、实施教学评价制度、建立毕业生就业跟踪调查制度等措施,构建运行有效的教学质量监控体系,为全面提高教育教学质量提供重要保障。结合中南林业科技大学的实际情况,对构建教学质量监控体系进行了探索,并提出了实施中有待进一步解决的问题。 相似文献
10.
生态脆弱地区可持续发展的症结及对策 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
本文阐述了脆弱生态环境的概念及不同脆弱地区的特征。在分析可持续发展内涵的基础上,针对不同脆弱地区阻碍可持续发的症结所在,提出生态环境脆弱的地区实现生态持续性是首要目标,应从政策入手,明晰资源产权,合理制定资源价格,减少外部性,严格控制人口数量,提高人口素质,加大资金投入,以实现生态脆弱地区的可持续发展。 相似文献
11.
国外研究性大学教学与科研互动经验及借鉴 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
徐颖 《技术经济与管理研究》2011,(6):52-57
《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020)》中明确指出:"加快建设一批高水平大学,特别是一批世界知名的高水平研究型大学,是我国加速科技创新、建设国家创新体系的需要。"在此背景下,从我国的基本国情出发,研究和借鉴发达国家高水平研究型大学建设及其成功实施教学与科研良性互动的有关经验,对于促进我国研究型大学的改革和发展,创建具有世界知名的高水平研究型大学,具有重要的理论意义与现实价值。因此,本文对国外研究性大学管理理念上重视本科教育,通过建立以探究为基础的教学体系、加强跨学科领域的通识教育、优化教师评估与激励制度,充分发挥科研对教学的辐射作用,以科研哺教学、以教学促科研,形成一个良性的科研、教学、学习的连结体,实现研究型大学教学与科研的良性互动与有机统一等经验进行了全面的归纳,并提出了借鉴思路。 相似文献
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13.
Jiaqi Chen;Doori Kim;Sang-Ho Lee; 《Bulletin of economic research》2024,76(3):631-649
This study considers an endogenous timing game of R&D decisions with research spillovers and compares the effects of output and research subsidies. We show that the simultaneous-move (sequential-move) game is an equilibrium if the spillover rate is low (high) under an output subsidy while this equilibrium is socially beneficial if the spillover rate is high or low enough. Under a research subsidy, however, the simultaneous-move game is a unique equilibrium regardless of the spillover rate, which is always socially beneficial. We also show that an output subsidy in the simultaneous-move game provides higher (lower) social welfare than a research subsidy if the spillover rate is low (high). Finally, we provide the robustness of our findings and some policy-relevant discussions. 相似文献
14.
医护人员职业素养对于其自身职业长远发展、切实改善医患关系、形成优良医院企业文化具有重要意义。作为医护人员,要努力提高自己的医术,用精湛的技术帮助病患解除病痛,注重自身外部形象的塑造,以高度的责任心、耐心,细心对待病人及其家属,从而养成良好的职业素养。 相似文献
15.
三本院校作为一种与公办院校培养人才模式不同的特殊高等院校,其《高级财务管理》教学方面应基于学校和学生的特点,重点培养学生的应用能力,使学生能够既懂理论又善于将理论运用于实践。目前,三本院校在《高级财务管理》教学中普遍存在教材建设落后、教学方式单一、案例教学效果不明显、考核方式过于死板等问题。针对以上问题,从完善教材建设、实行多样化的教学方式、案例式教学与启发式教学相结合、考核方式合理化等方面提出加强三本院校《高级财务管理》教学改革的几点建议。 相似文献
16.
自Andre Geim和Konstantin Novoselov发现从石墨中有效分离石墨烯的方法以来,石墨烯受到了各国政府及产业界的广泛重视。美国、欧盟各国和日本及韩国等国家,相继开展了大量石墨烯研发计划和项目,各国均以应用和产业化为研发重点及导向,十分注重研发成果的商业化应用。当前,石墨烯技术开始进入快速成长期,正在迅速向技术成熟期跨越,其研发主要集中在4个领域:传感器、储能和新型显示、生物医学及半导体材料。有相当数量的石墨烯研发项目已顺利完成并进入商业化准备期,各国政府纷纷制定了石墨烯"商业化时间表",主流企业成为石墨烯技术研发的主体力量。我国在石墨烯技术研发与产业化方面具备一定基础,但仍待进一步布局,期望所做研究能为我国石墨烯技术研发与产业发展提供借鉴。 相似文献
17.
我国R&D产业成长的投入-产出分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
本文根据1991—2005年我国R&D活动的发展情况,从R&D产业投入与产出的时间序列分析和关联度分析两方面,对15年间我国R&D产业的投入产出状况进行了研究。研究发现,虽然1991—2005年我国R&D产业的发展规模得到了极大提升,但还存在不少问题,主要是:我国R&D经费投入强度与发达国家还存在较大差距;全国重大科技成果奖与R&D经费投入以及人才建设之间的相关程度较低等。今后我国政府和企业应多渠道地增加R&D投入,逐渐加强我国R&D产业人才队伍的素质建设,从而实现我国R&D产业的持续发展。 相似文献
18.
随着高等教育的普及化,高校提高教学水平和教学质量的要求更加迫切。但是,目前高校开展教研活动的积极性不高,教研活动流于形式,不利于高校整体教学质量的提高。开展丰富有效的教研活动是提高教师教学能力、促进青年教师培养、提升高校整体办学质量、实现人才培养目标的重要手段。 相似文献
19.
Dyah Wulan Sari 《Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy》2019,38(4):299-310
This study investigates the potential horizontal and vertical spillovers from FDI towards firms’ efficiency level on Indonesian manufacturing industries, using firm‐level panel data. The result suggests that positive evidence of horizontal spillovers arise instantaneously, but the impacts of vertical spillovers appear a year later. These indicate that foreign competitors cause local firms more efficient in the same industry. Furthermore, after one period of time MNCs running their business in Indonesia, they bring positive impacts on downstream markets but deteriorate manufacturing industries in the upstream markets. Therefore, the Indonesian government must ensure that overall benefits from promoting FDI must overweight their negative impacts. 相似文献
20.
山区农村空心化调控机制研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在中国城市化迅速发展的进程中,农村空心化问题日趋严重,尤以城乡差异较大的山区为最。通过对重庆武陵山区进行实地调研,并运用主成分分析法分析社会经济相关数据,发现重庆武陵山区农村空心化现象是由于城市化发展迅速与农村基础设施建设投入不足,农民购买能力增强与现行规划管理调控手段乏力等因素发展不协调引起的。这必然对农村的土地资源、人居环境、新农村建设等方面带来不利影响。鉴于此,提出要加大农村基础设施建设投入,吸引社会资金投资农业开发,促进农业规模化经营,开展农村用地规划,加强政府对农村住宅用地的管理等相关措施,以促使城市与农村在经济发展、空间布局、人口流动等方面协调发展。 相似文献