THE GOVERNANCE OF KNOWLEDGE COMPOSITENESS AND TECHNOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN EUROPE

Abstract

Knowledge compositeness measures the variety of scientific disciplines that it is necessary to command in order to generate new technological knowledge. The paper investigates the relations between the knowledge compositeness of the flow of patents delivered to the main European automobile companies and the evolution of their technological and product market shares. Compositeness confirms to be an important characteristic of private knowledge: its governance exerts strong and positive effects on the technological and competitive advantage of firms. Knowledge compositeness has strong effects on the mechanisms of knowledge governance and management of technology. Appropriate measures of knowledge compositeness make it possible to qualify the quantitative measures of the technological competence of firms based upon patents counts.     

工厂化农业的区域创新系统

本文在探讨目前我国工厂化农业发展障碍的基础上,试图从主体创新、技术创新、市场创新、扩散创新等方面探索地区创造活力的加强,以及工厂化区域创新系统的全面形成。     

INNOVATION PLATFORMS AND THE GOVERNANCE OF KNOWLEDGE: EVIDENCE FROM ITALY AND THE UK

Innovation is a collective process that entails the coordination of distributed knowledge across diverse organizations. Technology infrastructures provide innovation systems with governance mechanisms to create and sustain complementarities across otherwise dispersed competences. The paper presents innovation platforms as a specific case of technology infrastructure. Operating strategically at the interface between the public and the private sectors, platforms enable capacity- and capability-building for individuals, teams and organizations. Illustrative evidence on innovation platforms in the United Kingdom and Italy confirms the importance of institutional responsiveness to stimulate variety and ensure coordination in the context of collective innovation processes.     

集成创新:高新区二次创业的核心

以系统论为指导,从中观经济的层面,探讨了高新区二次创业的核心必须是融技术创新与制度创新于一体的集成创新,是实现系统整体功能最优的创新,探讨了高新区集成创新的实现途径。     

KNOWLEDGE AND INNOVATION: PROMOTING A SYSTEM APPROACH OF INNOVATION PROCESSES

Abstract

This contribution intends to clarify for the current discussion about knowledge and its importance within economic systems. It relies on the complementary character of the economics of knowledge of Marshall and Hayek. One of them is useful to discuss opportunities and limits of the so-called resource-based theory of the firm in order to deal with the relationship between the governance of knowledge and firms' innovative behaviours; the other is useful to insist on the importance of knowledge channelled by and within market dynamics. As a consequence, their combination allows one to pave better grounds to current knowledge economic importance by exploring in-depth characteristics of knowledge, expressing the need to deal with the governance of technological knowledge, and promoting the localized and distributed characters of firms' innovative behaviours. This finally leads to promote an innovation-system approach based on that localized character of innovative behaviours of firms in order to depict proper use made by firms in matters of knowledge generation, use, dissemination, and trade.     

区域产业链治理内涵及治理措施——以连云港新材料产业链为例

产业链稳定性关乎区域产业和经济竞争力的保持与提升,链上企业只会依据自身经济利益目标协调其内外部市场关系,无暇顾及整个区域发展的全局需要,因此需要地方政府在明确产业系统内各部门间关联关系以及本地区和相关地区资源动态赋存条件的基础上,结合国家、地方、本地区的产业发展方向及政策,通过优化产业链结构、占领产业链高端以及有效实施产业链招商等途径对区域产业链加以治理,确保其健康稳定运行。基于现有文献成果,对产业链治理内涵做出理论探讨;结合调研所获数据,分析连云港新材料产业链发展存在的问题,并提出可供地方政府参考的治理措施。     

城市创新绩效综合评价体系及其实证应用

文章提出的我国城市创新体系创新绩效综合评价体系,分别从创新业绩和创新效率两方面对城市创新体系进行全面综合评价,以我国目前五大创新型城市的创新实践和实际数据对该评价体系进行综合实证分析,结果与五大城市的创新实践基本吻合。研究表明该城市创新绩效综合评价体系具有一定的可靠性、实用性,如果实时利用该评价体系对我国城市创新体系的构建过程进行监测和对策研究,对各城市制定创新战略、调配创新资源、提高创新效率、发展创新环境等都有重要的理论及实践意义。     

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND THE GOVERNANCE OF KNOWLEDGE: RETHINKING THE RELATIONSHIP IN TERMS OF CORPORATE COHERENCE

Abstract

Corporate governance and the governance of knowledge were for a long time distinct fields of analysis. Reasons for this incompatibility are linked to the restricted vision of corporate governance supported by shareholder value which essentially refers to information rather than knowledge. In this paper, we argue that other visions of corporate governance exist which are also closer to knowledge dynamics and knowledge governance problems. We elaborate thus on the possible reconciliation between corporate governance and the governance of knowledge. We sustain that each key actor (the manager and the investor) embodies a piece of diversified and localized knowledge related to his/her specific domain and field of experience, and these different modules of knowledge have to be recombined by an appropriate mode of corporate governance that stimulates corporate development. In this perspective, the reconciliation really appears essential since managers, by defining and selecting innovative processes, and investors, by determining the money that is invested to sustain these processes, both take part in the creation and governance of new knowledge by the firm. We show that this reconciliation can be based on the notion of corporate coherence of the cognitive firm that allows replacing the conventional conflicting vision of corporate governance by a new vision based on cooperation between managers and investors that collectively contribute to corporate development and coherence.     

省际边缘区传统制造业集聚过程及动因分析——以安徽省宁国市耐磨铸件产业为例

基于对省际边缘区传统制造业集聚现象的观察和反思,结合企业实地访谈,认为省际边缘区双向联系的过渡型区位条件,在开放的市场经济条件下,对传统制造业具有较强的集聚引力。通过对皖浙省际边缘区宁国市耐磨铸件产业集聚过程的分析,发现文化因素、种子企业、主体行为分别主导了省际边缘区传统制造业集聚的萌芽过程、成长过程和扩张过程,提出了省际边缘区传统制造业集聚的动因,是边界效应由屏蔽效应向中介效应转化条件下,多要素时空耦合和系统耦合共同作用的结果,并构建了耦合的机制模型。     

东北地区主导产业培育与产业体系重构研究

以东北地区主要工业行业区位商、生产竞争力、市场竞争力的计算结果为依据,对东北地区区域主导产业及产业体系特征进行分析,并通过聚类分析、判别分析统计分析模型将区域产业体系划分出四个组群,即有较大优势的行业、有一定优势的行业、无明显优势的行业以及衰退行业。在此基础上,总结出区域主导产业及产业体系特征的形成机理,提出主导产业培育框架、产业体系重构的构想方案及相应的政策建议。     

广东城市创新空间体系研究

在全球化背景与"知识经济"时代里,创新已经成为提升国家、地区、城市竞争力的重要因素,是经济发展的核心驱动力,是各国发展的首要战略选择。对广东省工业化阶段三个时期的城市创新体系动态演变进行了初步评价,并找出影响创新能力的主要因素。研究表明,在不同经济发展阶段,影响因素有所不同。城市经济实力、城市化水平、外商直接投资等是各个阶段下影响广东城市创新能力的共性因素;而人才教育水平则是准工业化和工业化初期创新能力的主要影响因素。     

国外集群与区域创新研究综述

空间邻近性对区域产业发展和创新的重要性日益受到学者的重视。文章认为国外对集群与区域创新的研究集中在以下六个主要方面：产业集群的形成与发展；知识外溢与区域创新活动；地方化学习能力与创新基础设施；创新衍生与扩散；区域创新系统构建与创新政策；区域创新与区域竞争力、区域可持续发展能力等。     

我国西部地区经济发展中本土制度创新研究

文章首先提出并论证了我国西部开发成功的关键在于有效的制度保证,指出了西部地区普遍存在的制度短缺现象,并从制度形式的合理配置、制度冲突的克服、制度的本土化政府的干预等四个方面对有效制度创新的前提和基础进行了研究和阐述,最后对有效制度创新从财产权的合理配置和有效保护、微观主体的制度创新、有关可持续发展的制度创新等几方面进行了有针对性的研究。     

区域管治的新探索:厦泉漳城市联盟规划战略

文章基于对福建省厦泉漳地区发展中存在的矛盾的分析,运用区域管治理念,提出组建厦泉漳城市联盟的概念模式,并从政策、交通、基础设施、生态环境以及旅游等方面,探讨厦泉漳城市联盟运作的战略构思。     

基于绩效视角的中部地区本土制度创新路径

中部地区发展环境、经济实力和竞争力的弱势地位,除国家的区域政策影响或历史原因造成外,区域内部制度安排的相对低效率也是主要诱因之一,在国家强制性制度变迁难以全面惠及中部地区时,实施区域内部有效率的制度创新是实现中部崛起战略突破的基本途径,文章选用制度经济学的观点分析了制度创新的效率问题,指出在中部经济崛起战略的制度创新中,应运用高效的制度去调节和控制中部经济发展中的本土资源、人才和资金等因素合理有序的运行,从而减少制度变迁阻力,提高制度运行效率。     

混业经营与金融体系稳定性:基于银行危机的全球实证分析

银行混业经营不仅关系到自身效率的提高,更关系到银行体系乃至整个金融体系的稳定性。对全球范围内61个国家的跨国数据进行的实证分析表明,一个国家对银行混业经营的限制越少,该国的金融体系越趋于稳定,发生银行危机的概率也越小。不仅如此,在宏观经济越不稳定的国家,其一般性银行危机演变为系统性银行危机的概率也越大。     

湖南省基础设施投融资体制创新研究

建设"两型"社会必须以基础设施建设为突破口。基础设施建设庞大的资金需求,仅靠政府财政投入远远不够,创新投融资体制、拓宽融资渠道,进行多元化融资、市场化融资是必然选择。但目前湖南省基础设施投融资体制存在投融资主体实力较弱、投融资方式较为单一、投融资配套措施不完善、资金偿还机制缺失等问题。通过构建纵向分层"三位一体"的投融资平台、引进多元化的融资方式、完善投融资配套政策、建立有效的资金偿还机制等措施可有效地破解这些障碍。     

论中国发达地区创意生产系统中的大学功能——以京沪创意设计业为例

当今大学对社会的影响不再局限于生产知识与培养人才,在地区持续繁荣和产业更新方面也发挥重要作用。通过对上海、北京两地94家创意设计企业的问卷调查,分析大学在发达城市创意生产系统中的实际功能。研究表明,大学对创意经济响应迅速,受其专业发展与经费筹集等内部利益驱动,以及企业需求与政府激励等外力助推,大学不再是地方发展的被动参与者,它们可以作为新产业的驱动者。除了担当企业和政府的决策智囊和人力资源库之外,大学还凭借其专业品牌、人力资本、社会资本等优势资源,通过提供资源与设施、师生创业,成为创意企业孵化器,其功能为其它机构难以替代。     

西部开发:农地产权制度创新原则

西部土地资源开发的关键在于产权制度创新，已有的关于土地产权制度创新的理论主要是围绕产权流动（即土地的规模经营）和确保农户较长的经营展开的，本文着眼于西部地区的具体情况，提出了4条土地产权制度创新原则；即土地所有权多元化和动态化原则，土地产权制度的区域性原则，土地产权制度的资源专用性和生态性原则。     

产业集群与国内外高科技园区的发展

从产业集群和区域创新系统理论入手,揭示建设高新技术产业带的理论动因,并借鉴国外发展高科技园区的经验,总结出发展产业集群所要求的三大要素,为我国培育产业集群要素,发展高新技术产业提出了一些思路。