On Outsourcing Internal Auditing

There is an ever growing tendency of outsourcing of internal auditing since the appearing of it in 1970s.The paper introduces the status quo and form of outsourcing of internal auditing and analyzes the advantage and disadvantage of it in western nations in order to offer references for the development of internal auditing in our nation.     

On Realization of Technological productivity

Technology has been a major force in modem economic development and world economy, but technology is only potential productivity and has a long distance from real productive forces. There are two major paths in turning technology into real productive forces. First, technological innovation is a process in which technology is tranaformed into real productivity in essence . The market is another channel for transformation of technology into productive forces. The transformation of technology into productive forces has its laws and mechanisms. In China, there are many obstacles to transformation of technology into real productive forces. We must take seventeen pieces of countermeasures to overcome these obstacles, and speed up the realization of technological productive forces.     

On Developing Twin City Relationships

Whatcanmunicipalitiesdotoestablishthemselvesontheinternationalstage?Increasingly,municipalitieshayehadtoactivelyseekopportunitiesabroad.OnewayCalgaryhasaccomplishedthis,istlirouglitheestablishmentoftwincityrelationshipsandeconomicallianceswithmunicipalitiesinCanadaandaroundtlieworldincluding,QuebecCity(Canada),Jaipur(India),Daqing(China),NaucalpanandColima(Mexico),NizhnevartoskandTyumen(Russia),Aberdeen(Scotland)andTaejon(Korea).Twinningventure'sandeconornicalliancesofferavarietyofbene…     

On Factors for Successful Strategic Alliances

The study on strategic alliance has been a hot point in academic cycle. The paper＇s subject is to make a deep analysis on the factors for the successful strategic alliances. On the basis of the study and analysis on domestic and foreign literatures, the paper abstracts three criterions to measure the success of strategic alliance and discusses the related factors which will influence the success of strategic alliance from three aspects in the selection of partner, the design on the alliance structure and the management of the alliance.     

On SD-oriented mechanism of technological innovation

If one enterprise just takes technological innovation as the way for economic profit but not the combinationalprofit of economy, society and ecology, it will never survive in this fierce competition market. Based on the relationshipbetween technological innovation and sustainable development, this paper brings forward that technological innovationmust take the sustainable1 development of society as the fundamental goal. Technological innovation should be the realimpulse for the development of society, economy and ecology. On the basis of the analysis on previous technologicalinnovation impetus mechanism, combined with the influential factors, this paper puts forward SD-oriented mechanism oftechnological innovation.     

On “badly behaved” dynamics

Adaptive (path dependent) processes of growth modeled by urn schemes are important for several fields of applications: biology, physics, chemistry, economics. In this paper we present a general introduction to urn schemes, together with some new results. We review the studies that have been done in the technological dynamics by means of such schemes. Also several other domains of economic dynamics are analysed by the same machinery and its new modifications allowing to tackle non-homogeneity of the phase space. We demonstrate the phenomena of multiple equilibria, different vonvergence rates for different limit patterns, locally positive and locally negative feedbacks, limit behavior associated with non-homogeneity of economic environment where producers (firms) are operating. It is also shown that the above urn processes represent a natural and convenient stochastic replicator dynamics which can be used in evolutionary games.     

Scientific Development Theory in 《On Capital》

《On Capital》 written by Karl Marx contains rich theory on scientific development. The theory on scientific development of 《On Capital》 is the demonstration of objective law and it is human-oriented. It demands the harmonious development between human being and nature and the sustainable development of social productive forces. It is a kind of coordinated development and pays more attention to the role of social system on development.     

On deep-rooted problems in China��s economy

China’s economy is currently at a crossroad leading to two different directions. One is to further deepen the reform, concentrate on crucial aspects and relax control over details, govern by non-intervention and let the market play an increasing role and lead the economy; while the other is to enhance the state sector with weakening the private sector, and let the government play a greater role and lead the economy. Which direction should China head for? The answer would undoubtedly be the former. As such, this paper argues that there does not exist the so-called “China Model” and attributes the deep-seated problems caused by those misconceptions in China’s economy to three pairs of “over-emphasis” versus “under-emphasis”, namely, over-emphasis on the government versus under-emphasis on the market, over-emphasis on enriching state versus under-emphasis on enriching the people, and over-emphasis on development versus under-emphasis on public service. Moreover, in regard to how to solve these problems, the paper proposes to further advance the two fundamental transformations of government functions: (1) to transform from a development-oriented government to a service-oriented government, and (2) to transform from an omnipotent government to a limited government.     

On the efficiency of ‘single window’

In many countries, the process of obtaining government approval for different projects involves interaction with multiple government agencies at various levels. This often makes the approval process inefficient by unnecessary lengthening it. In this paper we study the effect of a re-organization of the approval process towards making it a single window clearance system, on the efficiency of the entire process. We have used the expected queue length and the expected waiting time in the system at the stochastic steady state as measures of inefficiency of an approval system.     

On Improving the Internal Control System of Enterprises

As a self-adjusted and self-constrained inherent mechanism, the Internal Control plays a extremely important role in the operation and management of enterprise. It＇s setting-up and putting into practice concerns the success or failure of the business directly. The author proposes some views from government, social intermediary organizes and enterprise three respects to improve Internal Control of the enterprise.     

Employed unemployed? On shadow employment in transition

Unregistered employment poses two types of challenges to the researchers: (1) reliably evaluating the wage differential between formally and informally employed and (2) accounting for the push and pull factors in general and the effects of business cycle in particular. We address the former with the use of propensity score matching and analyse the evolution of the estimated average compensations and the differentials with reference to GDP and unemployment fluctuations. Using 13 years of quarterly labour force survey data from Poland of de iure unemployed but de facto employed individuals we find, that in-the-shadow compensations tend to be higher and procyclical. We also find considerable distributional heterogeneity.     

On the Characteristics of Chinese Life Insurance Market

The Chinese life insurance market is developing on the road to join in WTO in the new millennium. The rate of increase in the first six months in 2003 reached 41.1%, and the market takes on some characteristics as follows：     

On Shapley–Shubik equilibria with financial markets

In this paper, we extend the Shapley–Shubik model to a two period financial economy, and essentially address the question of the existence of an equilibrium. More precisely, we show the existence of nice equilibria, i.e. situations in which prices for both assets and commodities are strictly positive. Even if the general lines of the proof are largely influenced by the paper of Dubey and Shubik (J Econ Theory 17:1–20, 1978), most of the arguments are new because of the financial nature of the economy. It forces us to deal with a generalized Nash equilibrium, and to proscribe the use of arguments which only work with a single cash-in-advance constraint.      

On the Formation ＆ Growth of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Strip

According to the essential features of urban economic strips, this paper is intended to point out that Chengdu-Chongqing strip has so far been an urban area in geographic or spatial sense, but not an urban economic strip in economic sense. On further basis of analyzing several problems existing in the developrnent of Chengdu-Chongqing economic strip, some countermeasures are correspondingly put forward hereafter.     

Exploring The Gender Effect On Europeans’ Retirement Savings

This paper investigates whether European women have the same probability of saving for retirement as European men and if driving factors for this saving behavior differ by gender. The evidence is based on a sample of 6,036 individuals from eight European countries (France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom). The results show that European women are less likely to save for retirement than men, although the determinants of this decision are similar for both genders. Moreover, the results suggest that country-level institutional factors play a more important role on the individual's retirement attitudes than gender differences.     

On the joint Fourier–ESTAR testing of PPP

The purchasing power parity (PPP) is the hypothesis that the real exchange rate series are stationary. This study briefly reviews and applies six competing unit root test procedures to test PPP. Reflecting the existing literature, the results are mixed. The Kiliç test is the most favourable while the Kapetanios, Shin, and Snell (KSS) test is the least favourable to PPP and the standard ADF test lies in between. The same conclusion applies to the Fourier extensions of those three tests. The results support a recently suggested F-test for the significance of Fourier terms in unit root test equations.     

Quebec Economic Development Co. Focuses On High-tech Industries

QuebecCity,theProvincialcapital,iseagertocapitalizeonitsmanyattractivefeatures.AUNESCOHeritageCity,delightingvisitorsandresidentswithitsjoiedevivreandexceptionalqualityoflife,Quebechasastrongbaseinbusiness,industryandtechnologicaldevelopment.Withroad,rail,airandseaaccess,QuebechasdirectaccesstomajorAmericanandEuropeanmarkets.Therearethreemajorrailcompaniesofferingfreightandpassengertransport,whichcanbelinkedquicklyandefficientlytotheNorthAmericanrailroadnetwork.TheportofQuebec(theNorth…     

Are things moving? On demographic processes and social policy

Some recent positive changes in demographic trends in the Soviet Union are described. These include an increase in life expectancy in 1986, particularly for males, and an increase in the birth rate, although fertility in European Russia is still below replacement level. The author then considers how social policy, including family policy, can be expected to influence demographic variables in accordance with the country's needs, particularly in light of major differences among regions in population dynamics. He concludes by considering the relationship between demographic factors and democracy.     

Sharing or gambling? On risk attitudes in social contexts

Experimental Economics - Decisions under risk are often embedded in a social context that we usually abstract from when studying decision-making in the laboratory. In contrast to that practice, our...     

On the Relation between the Demand Environment and the Innovation

The demand environment has a great influence on innovations and the formation of the motive force of the innovation. The demand causes the desire： the desire forms the motive force; the motive force inspires the innovative thinking. the innovative thinking becomes the innovative practice; and the innovative practice.finally, meets people＇s demand.