基于因子分析模型的浙江省制造业技术创新能力评价

通过建立技术创新能力的评价指标体系,运用因子分析法对浙江省制造业行业的创新能力进行了综合评价,发现该行业技术创新能力普遍较低,同时发现技术创新投入产出能力和研究开发人员的研发能力是影响其技术创新总体能力的重要因素,并根据分析结果提出了相关对策建议。     

Made in Italy. Made in Britain. Quality,brands and innovation in the European poultry market, 1950–80

This paper compares the development of the poultry industry in Italy with the UK. Earlier research has suggested that the UK poultry industry developed a symbiotic relationship with the emerging supermarket retailers. Italy had a retarded supermarket sector. Its distribution system favoured small-scale, independent butchers rather than chains of self-service supermarkets. Despite this the Italian poultry industry also modernised, adopting US technologies. The catalyst for this modernisation was technological innovation in refrigeration technologies that enabled Italian consumers and independent retailers to be persuaded of the merits of the new ‘technological’ chicken. While the Italian market has become dominated by AIA and Amadori in recent years, the key innovators were the entrepreneurs that created the company called Arena.     

Innovation as a determinant of suppliers’ roles and performances: an empirical study in the food machinery industry

The basic premise of this study is that suppliers, in order to compete successfully in the marketplace, have to develop certain innovative capabilities that, in turn, depend on the type of relationship that is established with customers (in other words, the strategic role assumed by the supplier in the supply chain). Based on a study of 198 suppliers operating in the food packaging machinery industry, structural equation modelling has revealed that customers actually assign suppliers different roles and give them varying levels of responsibility in the product development and manufacturing stages. These roles are correlated to the supplier's distinctive innovation capabilities. Clustering analysis is used to divide the suppliers into homogeneous groups. Innovative capabilities are not only associated with traditional competencies in R&D and product/process innovation but also in supportive capabilities in the form of absorptive capacity, technological scanning, innovation-oriented culture, skills and know-how of individuals and managerial practices. The impact of different innovative capabilities (both technological and managerial) on critical performance factors such as price, quality, time and flexibility is measured for each type of supplier in turn. The research findings lend support to the hypothesis that the level of investment in technology and the acquisition of specific managerial capabilities are, to a large extent, a determinant of supplier–customer interdependence.     

Feeding Fido: Changing Consumer Food Preferences Bring Pets to the Table

Consumers increasingly demand premium foods that satisfy particular lifestyle requirements. Simultaneously, premium pet foods lead the $18 billion U.S. pet food market. Using a Heckman two-stage decision model, we investigate the relationship between consumers’ food choices for themselves and food choices for their pets. Premium human food consumers with higher education and incomes are more likely to purchase premium pet food. This study also reveals a surprising age cohort effect: younger consumers are more likely to purchase premium pet food, despite budget constraints. The findings have implications for pet food marketing strategies. They also suggest an expected increase in demand for pet food ingredient transparency and pet food safety policy.     

中国省级区域高技术产业技术创新能力实证分析

客观、科学地评价中国省级区域高技术产业技术创新能力,对于国家高技术产业的合理布局和区域高技术产业健康持续发展并带动经济增长和产业结构升级,具有重要意义。从创新投入、创新产出和支撑环境三个方面构建省域高技术产业技术创新能力评价指标体系,运用主成分分析方法对全国省级区域的高技术产业技术创新能力分别从八五、九五、十五、十一五期间四个时段进行动态评价和比较分析。结果表明,中国高技术产业技术创新能力存在严重的区域差异,且具有差距拉大趋势;加大高技术产业技术创新投入力度是加快提升区域高技术产业技术创新能力的关键性举措;地方政府对高技术产业的支持力度是影响区域高技术产业技术创新能力的重要因素。     

本土技术创新、外国技术溢出与我国制造业贸易竞争优势互动性的实证分析

技术创新与国际贸易之间存在着一种互动关系,在开放经济系统中,一国技术创新能力的提高不仅取决于本土技术研发,也受到外国技术溢出的影响。通过实证分析得出:改革开放以来,我国本土技术研发与贸易竞争优势间形成了良性的正向互动关系,但外国技术溢出却与我国制造业贸易竞争优势的形成有明显的双向负面关系。     

产业集群与技术创新的耦合机理分析

本文认为,产业集群是新经济时代企业提高技术创新能力的基础;产业集群与技术创新通过各自的耦合元素相互作用,彼此影响,主要表现为产业集群与技术创新激励效应的耦合,与技术创新网络的耦合,与技术创新文化氛围的耦合,与技术创新服务体系的耦合,与技术创新人才资源的耦合,与技术创新政府体制的耦合。文章提出,产业集群应以具有较强科技创新能力的科技开发中心为核心,构建有效的科技创新平台,形成良好的区域创新体系,引导与带动产业集群中企业的科技创新能力,促进产业集群的发展,同时建立科技创新与产业集群互动发展的有效机制,实现经济与科技互动的良好局面。     

科技创新中心的演化路径研究

知识经济时代,科技创新中心已成为国家提升综合国力的战略支点。对科技创新中心演化路径、发展特征进行剖析,将有助于各参与主体根据科技创新中心不同发展阶段实施不同的发展策略。文章基于特征功能、发展模式、演化路径等不同视角对国内外科技创新中心研究现状进行系统梳理,在科技创新中心构成要素、要素的演化分析基础上,明确科技创新中心演化路径的分析框架,并利用上述分析框架对伦敦、东京、北京典型科技创新中心演化路径进行研究,为正确判读科技创新中心的发展阶段以及参与主体实施精准、有效的策略提供思路。     

Organizational innovation,technological innovation,and export performance: The effects of innovation radicalness and extensiveness

This study focuses on the relevance of different types of innovation for firms’ export performance. Despite ample research on the innovation–performance relationship, previous studies have mainly focused on technological innovations, leaving the effects of organizational innovations relatively unexplored. Hypotheses on the relationship between organizational and technological innovations and firm export performance are tested by structural equation modelling using data from 218 Swedish export ventures. The results indicate that organizational innovation enhances export performance both directly and indirectly by sustaining technological innovation. Moreover, by fine-graining our analysis of the mediating role of technological innovation, according to its radicalness and extensiveness, for organizational innovation, we show how the latter enhances both the radicalness and extensiveness of technological innovation although, notably, only extensiveness is actually beneficial for export performance. This study helps alleviate the scarcity of research examining the links among different types of innovation in relation to export performance and contributes to international business and marketing literature by generating new evidence regarding the mechanisms through which organizational and technological innovations may improve export performance.     

企业国际化程度与技术创新的关系:一种学习的观点

本文以广东省佛山市348家制造企业为样本,研究企业国际化程度与技术创新的关系,主要结论包括:整体而言,企业国际化对技术创新具有积极的影响,企业制定并实施"走出去"战略,是提高自主创新能力的重要途径。具体来说,企业海外销售额占总销售额的比重越高,其可能获得的发明专利与实用新型专利就越多;与世界500强企业的合作,也能够促进企业获得更多的发明专利,然而这种影响可能包含在企业规模对技术创新的作用之中。     

Industry Interactions in Innovation Systems: A Bibliometric Study

Assorted interactions among the agents in a territory are considered as key elements for its scientific, technological, and innovation development, thus fostering the competitiveness of its business fabric and enhancing the quality of life of its residents. In this context, this article analyses this phenomenon, specifically industry relations with innovation system players (academic, scientific, technological, financing, and facilitating agents) through a bibliometric analysis. The methodology used progresses in three stages: construction of the scientific papers search strategy (published in the ISI Web of Knowledge reference database between 2001 and 2014); its implementation; and the corresponding bibliometric analysis, using the Vantage Point® software as a support tool. Among other aspects, the findings present progress achieved in the research field, together with leading authors, organizations, and countries, as well as with cooperative efforts among them, highlighting the status of this topic in Latin America. Finally, the article concludes that industry relations in innovation systems is a topic that is steadily expanding worldwide, with large numbers of cooperative projects among countries. However, it also shows that this study theme is still incipient in Latin America, not just Brazil.     

Do they buy for their dogs the way they buy for themselves?

Motivated by the fact that pet food and pet care is a big business and pet owners in the United States spend more on their pets each year, the objective of this research is to determine whether dog owners buy for their dogs the way they buy for themselves. The data show that dog owners are more loyal to dog food brands than human food brands. Dog owners are also found to be more sensitive to human food price than dog food price. The survey results also show that dog owners are more serious about buying healthy dog food than buying healthy human food. The findings are significant because they suggest that manufacturers and marketers of dog food and vet care service providers can gain some insight about the type of food and medical services dog owners might buy for their dogs by studying dog owners' food and medical service consumption decision patterns. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Technological innovation capabilities,product strategy,and firm performance: The electronics industry in China

This research was conducted with a sample of 215 Chinese companies from the electronics industry. It shows that the different technological innovation capabilities have a positive impact on product innovation, beginning with the linkage capability, and then moving to the production capability, and ending with the investment capability. The research also shows that product innovation has a mediating effect on the relationship between different technological innovation capabilities and firm performance. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluating brand extensions,fit perceptions and post-extension brand image: does size matter?

Abstract

This study contributes to the scant literature considering brand extensions in a competitive context and investigates whether the correlation between consumers’ beliefs about a brand’s attributes and the number of its buyers described in previous research occurs with regard to fit perceptions of brand extensions, extension evaluation and post-extension brand image. In a scenario experiment with real brands and fictitious extensions, members of a commercial UK panel evaluated high and low-fit extensions and post-extension brand images of competing brands of pet food. The relative size of each brand in terms of the number of its buyers was used as a benchmark in the analysis. For all extensions, results reveal a positive correlation between post-extension brand images, extension evaluations, fit perceptions and the number of brand buyers. Results have implications for interpreting consumers’ perceptions of fit, evaluation of extensions and post-extension brand images of competing brands.     

中国传统产业和新兴产业差异性技术进步路径选择研究

将中国产业划分为传统产业与新兴产业,发现两者的技术进步路径存在一定的差异性,采用中国工业行业和高技术产业的数据对其进行检验,结果表明:采取模仿性创新的外源式技术进步路径对于传统产业的技术进步具有一定的积极作用,采取自主创新的内源式技术进步路径对于新兴产业的技术进步具有一定的积极作用。因此,对于传统产业升级,应采用技术引进以及在此基础上的模仿性创新再到自主创新的"渐进性"技术进步路径;而对于新兴产业发展,应采用自主创新的"一步到位"式技术进步路径。     

An Analysis of Pet Food Label Usage

We use the 2008 Health and Diet Survey to investigate the extent to which pet owners consult pet food labels. We find that pet food label usage has not penetrated shopping behavior to the degree that using the Nutrition Facts label has for human food purchases. While we find no gender difference in using pet food labels among dog owners, women may be less likely than men to consult labels among cat owners. The data also suggest that usage increases when at least three pets are owned; cat owners consult pet food labels less frequently than dog owners; and usage is not dependent on the type of product purchased.     

中国制造业升级路径的新视角:文化产业与制造业融合

前人的研究主要是从技术创新的视角来探讨产业升级,却忽视产业升级应该是多种路径的综合运用.文章认为中国制造业的升级在坚持技术创新传统路径的基础上,还可以开辟文化产业与制造业融合的新路径.通过文化产业与制造业的延伸融合、交叉融合以及关联融合,充分发挥文化产业既是消费服务业,又是生产服务业的作用,提升制造业的文化附加值,促进制造业升级.     

我国产业技术创新能力的若干思考

中国产业发展的关键是提高产业技术创新能力。我国技术创新所处的新环境对技术创新能力提出很大的挑战,而科技水平不高和创新机制不完善说明了我国产业技术创新能力还不高,与发达国家还有很大的差距,从而提出了现阶段提高我国产业技术创新能力的对策。     

中部六省高技术产业创新效率的比较研究

高技术产业是优化产业结构、提高经济实力的重要产业之一。中部六省高技术产业的发展取得了较大的成就,但与我国经济发达省份相比还相对落后,差距较大。为此,运用指标分析的方法,对中部六省高技术产业的产出、投入、创新效率等方面进行了比较研究。结果表明,促进中部高技术产业发展的对策主要有：实行中心增长极带动战略;大力发展特色优势产业;实施产学研相结合,促进科技成果转化;加强人才培养和人力资源开发。     

我国装备制造业创新管理模式的战略路径

由于信息技术的推动,国际制造业发生了重大变化：由实体制造向“虚拟制造”转变、由完全制造向网络化总装制造转化、由本地制造向转移制造转化、由封闭型技术研究向全球化合作研究转化。尽管我国装备制造业的总体运行态势较好,但是行业内各企业发展不均衡、亏损现象较为严重、企业集中度低、集群效益不明显,并且自主技术创新能力十分薄弱。因此应从以下方面创新我国装备制造业的管理模式：在产品管理上实行标准化；在管理手段方面实现完全信息化；技术创新自主化和创新主体企业化；在区域管理方面,建立富含动态能力的区域创新网络并实现集群化。